Browsing by Author "Pavan Kumar Yadav"

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Antiproliferative Effects of Methanolic Fruit Extract of Solanum xenthocarpum (L.) on Human Breast Cancer Cells
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2025) Saumya Maurya; Kumari Swati; S. Suvetha; Mayukh Ghosh; Pavan Kumar Yadav
Solanum xanthocarpum, a perennial herb native to India, contains steroidal glycoalkaloids with notable anticancer properties. This study investigated the antioxidant and antiproliferative effects of methanolic fruit extract of S. xanthocarpum on human breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231). Phytochemical screening and LC-HRMS analysis confirmed presence of various primary and secondary metabolites. Antioxidant activity was assessed through DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging, reducing power, and phosphomolybdate assays. The extract demonstrated significant antioxidant potential with EC50 values of 60.10±0.88 μg/mL (DPPH) and 392.29±3.93 μg/mL (ABTS). Cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 cells was evaluated via morphological analysis, MTT assays, and IC50 determination (24.19±0.56 μg/L). Apoptosis was confirmed using dual staining techniques (AO/EB, Hoechst 33342/PI, DAPI), revealing condensed nuclei, apoptotic bodies, and reduced mitochondrial membrane potential, as indicated by Rhodamine staining. Additionally, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were observed using H2-DCF-DA staining. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extract were 127.78±3.547 mg GAE/g and 98.06±4.289 mg QE/g, respectively. These findings suggest that the methanolic fruit extract of S. xanthocarpum possesses strong antioxidant and anticancer activities, indicating its potential role in cancer treatment. Further studies are warranted to explore its bioactive compounds for developing novel anticancer therapies. © 2024 Wiley-VHCA AG, Zurich, Switzerland.
Assessing the impact of microwave treatment on the nutritional quality and metabolomic profile of barley flour
(Elsevier B.V., 2025) Mavuri Tejaswini Durga; Alonkrita Chowdhury; Rajesh Rakesh Kumar; S. Suvetha; Dodla Mamatha; Akshita Trivedi; Kratika Maurya; Pavan Kumar Yadav; Mayukh Ghosh
Microwave treatment effectively enhances barley's functional food properties while reducing anti-nutritional factors (ANFs) such as phytates, trypsin inhibitors, and condensed tannins, which limit nutrient bioavailability. Conventional thermal methods reduce ANFs but degrade bioactive compounds. Microwave processing offers an alternative, preserving or enhancing these components. This study evaluated microwave treatments (300–800 W, 1.5–9 min) effects on barley flour compared to untreated samples. Favorable treatments, T-4, T-5, T-6 (600 W, 2, 4, and 6 min), and T-7 (800 W, 1.5 min), increased total phenolic content from 1622.98 μg GAE/g DW (control) to 1890.43 μg GAE/g DW (T-4). Antioxidant activities were enhanced, including DPPH scavenging (2046.11 μg AAE/g DW, T-7), ABTS scavenging (1271.55 μg GAE/g DW, T-6), total antioxidant capacity (4397.14 μg AAE/g DW, T-7), FRAP (1920.80 μg AAE/g DW, T-7), CUPRAC (4278.10 μg AAE/g DW, T-5), and ferrous ion chelation (256.47 μg EDTA eq./g DW, T-6). ANFs, such as phytates (516.83 μg PAE/g DW in T-4), trypsin inhibitors (0.11 mg/g DW in T-6), and condensed tannins (194.23 μg CE/g DW in T-1), were reduced in treatment-specific manner. LC-HRMS-based metabolomics revealed T-7 as the most effective treatment, enhancing various phenolics and flavonoids (e.g., ferulic acid, catechin) while maintaining sugars, lipids, and vitamins. Multivariate analyses confirmed T-7's superiority in preserving metabolite integrity while improving nutritional and functional properties. Excessive power and prolonged exposure (e.g., T-9: 800 W, 5 min) led to the degradation of bioactive compounds. This study highlights microwave processing as a sustainable and effective approach for developing functional foods from barley. © 2025 The Authors
Cloning and expression analysis of nagJ hyaluronidase gene of Clostridium chauvoei
(Indian Council of Agricultural Research, 2018) Saroj K. Dangi; Pavan Kumar Yadav; Mohmad Mashooq; Rajesh K Agarwal; Viswas Konasagara Nagaleekar
Black quarter caused by Clostridium chauvoei, a Gram positive anaerobe, is an important bacterial disease of ruminants. Though role of virulence factors such as cctA, sialidase and flagellin is well documented, hyaluronidases of C. chauvoei are not yet characterized. So, the present study was aimed at cloning and expression of hyaluronidase (nagJ) gene of C. chauvoei. The nagJ gene of C. chauvoei was amplified by PCR and cloned and expressed in prokaryotic expression system. Further, expressed recombinant hyaluronidase protein was purified and the expression was confirmed by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting analysis. Further investigation is needed to evaluate its functional activity and role in virulence of C. chauvoei. © 2018 Indian Council of Agricultural Research. All Rights Reserved.
Computational Analysis Reveals Monomethylated Triazolopyrimidine as a Novel Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (RdRp)
(MDPI, 2022) Anandakrishnan Karthic; Veerbhan Kesarwani; Rahul Kunwar Singh; Pavan Kumar Yadav; Navaneet Chaturvedi; Pallavi Chauhan; Brijesh Singh Yadav; Sandeep Kumar Kushwaha
The human population is still facing appalling conditions due to several outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. The absence of specific drugs, appropriate vaccines for mutants, and knowledge of potential therapeutic agents makes this situation more difficult. Several 1, 2, 4-triazolo [1, 5-a] pyrimidine (TP)-derivative compounds were comprehensively studied for antiviral activities against RNA polymerase of HIV, HCV, and influenza viruses, and showed immense pharmacological interest. Therefore, TP-derivative compounds can be repurposed against the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) protein of SARS-CoV-2. In this study, a meta-analysis was performed to ensure the genomic variability and stability of the SARS-CoV-2 RdRp protein. The molecular docking of natural and synthetic TP compounds to RdRp and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations were performed to analyse the dynamic behaviour of TP compounds at the active site of the RdRp protein. TP compounds were also docked against other non-structural proteins (NSP1, NSP2, NSP3, NSP5, NSP8, NSP13, and NSP15) of SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, the inhibition potential of TP compounds was compared with Remdesivir and Favipi-ravir drugs as a positive control. Additionally, TP compounds were analysed for inhibitory activity against SARS-CoV RdRp protein. This study demonstrates that TP analogues (monomethylated triazolopyrimidine and essramycin) represent potential lead molecules for designing an effective inhibitor to control viral replication. Furthermore, in vitro and in vivo studies will strengthen the use of these inhibitors as suitable drug candidates against SARS-CoV-2. © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Correction to: Optimization of microwave parameters to enhance phytochemicals, antioxidants and metabolite profile of de-oiled rice bran (Scientific Reports, (2024), 14, 1, (23959), 10.1038/s41598-024-74738-1)
(Nature Research, 2025) Alonkrita Chowdhury; Alla Yaswanth Naveen Kumar; Rajesh Rakesh Kumar; Vivek Kumar Maurya; M. Satyanarayana Mahesh; Abhishek Kumar Singh; Pavan Kumar Yadav; Mayukh Ghosh
Correction to: Scientific Reportshttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-74738-1, published online 14 October 2024 The original version of this Article contained errors in the values of the phytochemical and antioxidant analysis. Consequently, in the Results and discussion section, under the subheading ‘Phytochemical analysis’, “The TPC values varied across the different treatment groups, ranging from 947.95 ± 11.72 to 1304.77 ± 9.50 µg GAE/g of DM. The control group had a TPC of 1164.32 ± 15.63 µg GAE/g of DM. Most treatment groups showed an increase in phenolic content compared to the control group, with T-1 exhibiting the highest TPC at 1304.77 ± 9.50 µg GAE/g of DM, followed by T-2, T-7, T-5, T-4, T-3, T-6, and T-8 in decreasing order (Fig. 1a). In contrast, the T-9 group showed a significant decrease in phenolic content compared to the control. These results indicate that microwave parameters have a notable impact on the total phenolic content of the treated DORB samples, highlighting the importance of optimizing these parameters to enhance nutritive value. The treatment-specific influence on TPC aligns with the findings of Pokkanta et al.8 in rice bran. They reported that microwaving at 260 watts for 0.5 to 3 min and at 440 watts for 0.5 to 2.5 min resulted in a maximum increase in phenolic content, while a decrease occurred at 880 watts. This study corroborates those findings, as the highest TPC was observed with the 300 watts for 3 min treatment (T-1), while a significant reduction was seen in the 800 watts for 5 min treatment (T-9). The reduction in T-9 might be due to the degradation of phenolics caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures. The effectiveness of the 300 watts for 3 min microwave treatment in enhancing phenolic content could be attributed to factors such as the release of bound phenolics through the breakdown of cell walls and minimal thermal damage to bioactive compounds during the process45. The TFC varied among the different treatment groups, ranging from 482.73 ± 9.96 to 916.82 ± 16.29 µg QE/g of DM, with the control group having a TFC of 900.91 ± 11.5 µg QE/g of DM. Most treatment groups showed a significant increase in flavonoid content compared to the control. The T-6 treatment group exhibited the highest TFC, followed by T-4, T-7, T-1, T-2, T-5, and T-3 (Fig. 1b). A significant decrease in flavonoid content was observed in the T-9 group, while the TFC of T-8 was comparable to the control. The decrease in T-9, which involved treatment at 800 watts for 5 min, is likely due to the degradation of flavonoids caused by prolonged exposure to high-intensity microwaves13,46. A similar wattage-time -dependent variation in TFC in microwaved rice bran was also reported by Pokkanta et al.8 The flavonol content ranged from 6.59 ± 0.77 to 43.35 ± 0.88 µg CE/g of DM among the treated samples, whereas the control group had a much lower flavonol content of 1.87 ± 0.22 µg CE/g of DM. All treated samples exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) increase in flavonol content compared to the control, indicating that microwave treatment positively influenced flavonol levels in DORB. The highest flavonol content was observed in the T-7 group (800 watts for 1.5 min), which yielded a concentration of 43.35 ± 0.88 µg CE/g of DM, followed by T-6, T-5, T-4, T-3, T-2, T-1, T-8, and T-9 (Fig. 1c).” now reads: “The TPC values varied across the different treatment groups, ranging from 1743.69 ± 3.2 to 3879.31 ± 24.67 µg GAE/g of DM. The control group had a TPC of 2082.75 ± 5.58 µg GAE/g of DM. Most treatment groups showed an increase in phenolic content compared to the control group, with T-1 exhibiting the highest TPC at 3879.31 ± 24.70 µg GAE/g of DM, followed by T-2, T-7, T-5, T-4, T-3, T-6, and T-8 in decreasing order (Fig. 1a). In contrast, the T-9 group showed a significant decrease in phenolic content compared to the control. These results indicate that microwave parameters have a notable impact on the total phenolic content of the treated DORB samples, highlighting the importance of optimizing these parameters to enhance nutritive value. The treatment-specific influence on TPC aligns with the findings of Pokkanta et al.8 in rice bran. They reported that microwaving at 260 watts for 0.5 to 3 min and at 440 watts for 0.5 to 2.5 min resulted in a maximum increase in phenolic content, while a decrease occurred at 880 watts. This study corroborates those findings, as the highest TPC was observed with the 300 watts for 3 min treatment (T-1), while a significant reduction was seen in the 800 watts for 5 min treatment (T-9). © The Author(s) 2025.
IL-18 immunoadjuvanted xenogeneic canine MMP-7 DNA vaccine overcomes immune tolerance and supresses the growth of murine mammary tumor
(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Pavan Kumar Yadav; Shishir Kumar Gupta; Saroj Kumar; Mayukh Ghosh; Brijesh Singh Yadav; Dinesh Kumar; Ajay Kumar; Mohini Saini; Meena Kataria
The development of the tumorigenesis and angiogenesis through proteolytic cleavage of extracellular matrix protein and basement membranes is promoted by Matrix metelloproteinases-7 (MMP-7). Consequently, MMP-7 is presumed as potential target for mammary cancer immunotherapy. However, MMP-7 is an endogenous tumor associated antigen (TAA); therefore, immunization is challenging. In current study, a potent anti-tumor immune response has been elicited through recombinant bivalent plasmid pVIVO2.IL18.cMMP7 which subside the highly metastatic 4 T1 cell line induced mammary tumors and efficiently negate the existing challenge of using MMP-7 as immunotherapeutic target. Balb/c mice were immunized with canine MMP-7 (cMMP-7) using interleukine-18 (IL-18), as an immunoadjuvant, to explore the potential of the combination regarding elicitation of a potent anti-tumor immune response. Mice vaccinated with pVIVO2.IL18.cMMP7 DNA plasmid reduced the tumor growth significantly along with augmentation of the immune response to fight against tumor antigen as depicted by substantial enrichment of CD4+ and CD8+ population in splenocytes, infiltration of immune system cells in tumor tissue and enhanced survival time of mice. Further, splenocyte supernatant examination of the cytokines revealed that Th1 cytokines (IFN-γ and IL-2) were remarkably up-regulated demonstrating the stimulation of cell-mediated immune response. Thus the current observations vividly portray that administration of xenogeneic MMP-7 DNA vaccine bypasses the tolerance barrier. © 2020 Elsevier B.V.
Matrix metalloproteases as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in cancer
(Elsevier, 2024) Saumya Maurya; Kumari Swati; Mayukh Ghosh; Pavan Kumar Yadav
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play a crucial role in the degradation and remodeling of the extracellular matrix. The role of MMPs in neoplastic cell invasion, metastasis and cancer progression has been studied extensively. There is a strong relationship between MMP overexpression, development of cancer, and clinical prognosis. Increased levels of one or more members of MMPs have been seen in the majority of malignancies. As a result, it has been anticipated that MMPs may act as both diagnostic and prognostic markers in cancer patients. Certain members of the MMP family have been confirmed as biomarkers of diverse human cancer types. MMPs and prognostic markers are two areas of cancer research that provide critical understanding of disease progression and patient outcomes. Their impact is widespread, from the management of metastatic disease to the early detection of cancer. Therefore, their clinical importance continues to propel advancements in precision medicine and cancer therapy. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved including those for text and data mining AI training and similar technologies.
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs) in Cancer Immunotherapy
(Springer Singapore, 2022) Pavan Kumar Yadav; Mayukh Ghosh; Meena Kataria
Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are the zinc-dependent endopeptidases that mediate the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) constituents and basement membrane to facilitate tumorigenic invasion. Reducing cell adhesion, stimulating neoangiogenesis, and inhibiting cancer cell apoptosis are the other prominent MMP-mediated subsidiary mechanisms facilitating the oncogenic processes. Further, abundant experimental and clinical evidences regarding the differential overexpression of several MMPs in various solid as well as nonsolid tumors have rendered them as potential immunotherapeutic targets against diverse cancer types. Currently, MMP-based cancer immunotherapy principally relies upon inhibition of MMP activity by either synthetic MMP inhibitors (MMPIs) or MMP-based cancer vaccines. Although the MMPIs generated considerable interest during the 1990s, they failed to sustain the expectation due to considerable side effects. Despite the initial embarrassment, now the pursuit is directed towards the development of selective and more potent inhibitors rather than the earlier broad-spectrum MMPIs along with customization of targeted delivery systems for these compounds. Alternatively, MMP-based DNA vaccines, particularly the xenogeneic vaccine strategy, have gained significant consideration in recent times due to promising response against some cancer types in preclinical models. So, this chapter elaborates about the biological functions of different MMPs in cancer, their inhibitors, and MMP-based vaccines for cancer immunotherapy as well as the challenges and future prospects. © Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
MMP-7 derived peptides with MHC class-I binding motifs from canine mammary tumor tissue elicit strong antigen-specific T-cell responses in BALB/c mice
(Springer, 2021) Pavan Kumar Yadav; Shishir Kumar Gupta; Saroj Kumar; Mayukh Ghosh; Brijesh Singh Yadav; Dinesh Kumar; Ajay Kumar; Mohini Saini; Meena Kataria
Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPs)-induced altered proteolysis of extracellular matrix proteins and basement membrane holds the key for tumor progression and metastasis. Matrix metalloproteinases-7 (Matrilysin), the smallest member of the MMP family also performs quite alike; thus serves as a potential candidate for anti-tumor immunotherapy. Conversely, being an endogenous tumor-associated antigen (TAA), targeting MMP-7 for immunization is challenging. But MMP-7-based xenovaccine can surmount the obstacle of poor immunogenicity and immunological tolerance, often encountered in TAA-based conventional vaccine for anti-tumor immunotherapy. This paves the way for investigating the potential of MMP-7-derived major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-binding peptides to elicit precise epitope-specific T-cell responses towards their possible inclusion in anti-tumor vaccine formulations. Perhaps it also ushers the path of achieving multiple epitope-based broad and universal cellular immunity. In current experiment, an immunoinformatics approach has been employed to identify the putative canine matrix matelloproteinases-7 (cMMP-7)-derived peptides with MHC class-I-binding motifs which can elicit potent antigen-specific immune responses in BALB/c mice. Immunization with the cMMP-7 DNA vaccine induced a strong CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and Th1- type response, with high level of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) production in BALB/c mice. The two identified putative MHC-I-binding nonameric peptides (Peptide32-40 and Peptide175-183) from cMMP-7 induced significant lymphocyte proliferation along with the production of IFN-γ from CD8+ T-cells in mice immunized with cMMP-7 DNA vaccine. The current observation has depicted the immunogenic potential of the two cMMP-7-derived nonapeptides for their possible exploitation in xenovaccine-mediated anti-tumor immunotherapy in mouse model. © 2020, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Optimization of microwave parameters to enhance phytochemicals, antioxidants and metabolite profile of de-oiled rice bran
(Nature Research, 2024) Alonkrita Chowdhury; Alla Yaswanth Naveen Kumar; Rajesh Kumar; Vivek Kumar Maurya; M.S. Mahesh; Abhishek Kumar Singh; Pavan Kumar Yadav; Mayukh Ghosh
The current study explores the effects of microwave treatment at varying wattage and durations on the phytoconstituents, antioxidant status, anti-nutritional factors (ANFs), and metabolite profiles of de-oiled rice bran. The total phenolics and flavonoids showed both increases and decreases depending on specific microwave parameters, while flavonol content consistently increased across all treated groups compared to the control. The DPPH and ABTS free radical scavenging activity, total antioxidant capacity, FRAP, CUPRAC, metal chelating activity, and ascorbic acid content were enhanced in most of the microwaved samples; however, longer microwave exposure at higher wattage led to their reduction. A treatment-specific decrease in ANFs, including condensed tannins, oxalates, and phytates, was observed. HRMS-based untargeted metabolomics identified a diverse range of primary and secondary metabolites, which clustered in a group-specific manner, indicating notable group-wise metabolite variations. Analysis of discriminating metabolites revealed no significant differences in the overall levels of phenolics, flavonoids, vitamins and cofactors, sugars, amino acids, terpenoids, fatty acids, and their derivatives among the treated groups compared to the control; however, several individual metabolites within these metabolite classes differed significantly. These findings suggest that optimized microwaving of de-oiled rice bran can enhance phytochemicals and antioxidants while improving the metabolite profile. © The Author(s) 2024.