Browsing by Author "Pooja Jaiswal"

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Antimicrobial efficacy of in vitro cultures and their applications
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) Nishi Kumari; Pooja Jaiswal; Alpana Yadav; Ashish Gupta; Brajesh Chandra Pandey
Treatment of microbial infections has become more challenging with the evolution of antibiotic resistant microbes and indiscriminate use of antibiotics. Several phytochemicals have shown potential inhibitory action against such microbes. These antimicrobials have shown their efficacy in treating such infections. These natural products also played significant role in restoration of activity of less effective antibiotics, when used in combination with antibiotics. But still, scientists are facing some major challenges in using such metabolites for medicines-there is urgent need to explore more plants showing microbial inhibition activity, plant products from field grown plants are not sufficient to meet the growing demand and purification of antimicrobial compounds, so that dosage for patients can be finalized. Tissue culture has emerged as great technology not only in the conservation of such medicinal plants but it provides major application for the production of secondary metabolites. Various micropropagules such as calli, in vitro cultures, and cell suspensions have shown their potential for the production of pharmaceutically active compounds similar to mature plants. Production of such phytochemicals can be enhanced by manipulating media supplements, culture conditions and elicitations. As, in nature production of antimicrobials is the result of interaction between the plants and microbes, therefore, such interaction can be provided to in vitro cultures by biotic elicitation. In vitro production of antimicrobial compounds has been reported in many plants such as Ricinus communis, Calendula officinalis, Abrus precatorius, etc. Thus, plant tissue culture paves an efficient and feasible method of production of such natural compounds as an alternative of antibiotics. © 2024 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.
Genetically Modified Crops and Intellectual Property Rights: Indian Scenario
(Elsevier, 2020) Manoj Kumar Singh; Anand Vikram Singh; Pooja Jaiswal; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Ajay Kumar
New “genetically modified” technologies were introduced with a promise of solution to increased food production via sustainable approach. However, besides raising various environmental, ethical, and social concerns, today, GM technologies are being promoted by multinational business corporations, who are privatizing the world’s food chain and protecting their investments using intellectual property rights. The introduction of GM crops has often been associated with intellectual property (IP) protection. In view of increasing privatization of agricultural research, it has been argued that private companies need IP protection, including patents, to provide for a return on their research investments. © 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Legal and Commercial Aspect of Microbial Control
(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Manoj Kumar Singh; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Anand Vikram Singh; Pooja Jaiswal; Ajay Kumar; Kshitij Kumar Singh
Modern techniques such as recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology and genetic engineering under microbial biotechnology discipline have created enormous commercial possibilities and led to the policymakers to consider genetically engineered microorganisms and related products to be patentable. Though a large number of patents on inventions in microbial biotechnology such as microbial products, metabolites, production processes, and techniques have been granted, yet the issue of patentability of microorganisms still remains a highly contentious issue. Apart from patentable subject matter criterion, an invention can only be made patentable if it meets the other criteria for patents, viz., novelty, inventive step, and industrial applicability. After passing the patentable subject matter criterion, inventions in microbial biotechnology realm often fall short of either of the aforementioned criteria. The chapter examines the legal and commercial aspects of microbial technology with the special focus on the patentability of microorganisms and the special requirement for the deposition of the same. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
Microbial enzymes and their exploitation in remediation of environmental contaminants
(Elsevier, 2020) Sandeep Kumar Singh; Manoj Kumar Singh; Vipin Kumar Singh; Arpan Modi; Pooja Jaiswal; Kumari Rashmi; Ajay Kumar
Currently, a diverse range of microbes and their products have been utilized in bioremediation for the management of rising environmental contaminants. These beneficial microbes include bacteria, actinomycetes, fungi, cyanobacteria, and it appears as cost-effective and sustainable approach of bioremediation. In the recent past, utilization of microbial enzymes appears as one of the alternative and effective approaches in biodegradation for various complex and toxic environmental contaminants. The enzymes synthesized by various microbial genera of bacteria actinomycetes, fungi, cyanobacteria have been applied on both organic and inorganic contaminants and effectively degrade or detoxify these contaminants. Some of the common enzymes such as hydrolases, oxidoreductases, oxygenase, peroxidases, and these enzymes have been broadly utilized for pollutants degradation. The use of microbial enzymes in bioremediation appears beneficial in terms of whole microbial cells utilization as well as their possible modification via the latest omics and technology for better effectivity and efficiency. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.
Organogenesis from Leaf Tissue of Spondias pinnata (L. f.) Kurz, SEM study and Genetic Fidelity Assessment by ISSR and ScoT
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021) Pooja Jaiswal; Nishi Kumari; Sarvesh Pratap Kashyap; Shailesh Kumar Tiwari
In vitro raised plantlets were obtained from nodal tissue through direct organogenesis and they served as donor plants for the collection of leaf explants. Leaf explants were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog’s medium with different concentrations of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Hundred percent callogenesis was observed on medium supplemented with 5 mg l−1 2,4-D. For the multiplication of cells (proliferation), calli were transferred to either basal medium or media containing different types and concentrations of cytokinins. Proliferation was observed maximum on media containing 0.5 mg l−1 BAP or 1.0 mg l−1 BAP. Shoot differentiation from calli took place on media supplemented with BAP in combinations with TDZ or ZN. Initiation of organogenesis was observed in calli within two weeks of their subculture on differentiation medium. Shoot differentiation was maximum, when calli proliferated on medium having 1 mg l−1 BAP were transferred to the medium containing 1 mg l−1 BAP and 0.5 mg l−1 TDZ. Organogenic responses after four weeks of subculture on above differentiation medium were as such: number of shoots per explants (25.33 ± 0.88), number of shoots per calli replicate (3.67 ± 0.33) and maximum shoot length (3.43 ± 0.20 cm). Medium supplemented with 2.5 mg l−1 NAA was most responsive for rooting of shoots (54.16 ± 1.39%). About 62.5% plantlets survived after hardening and 54.17% plantlets got acclimatized. All acclimatized plants were transferred to field condition successfully. Formation of unipolar shoots and their multicellular attachment with callus were observed by scanning electron microscopy. To confirm the genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants, five micropropagated plants derived from different leaf explants and two mother plants (randomly selected from micropropagated plants raised from nodal explants) were subjected to molecular analysis. The genetic fidelity of in vitro regenerated plants was assessed by using SCoT and ISSR molecular markers. 12.5% polymorphism was reported in both studies, which may be due to callus mediated regeneration of shoots. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Phytochemical studies in the field of plant tissue culture
(Elsevier, 2022) Pooja Jaiswal; Anand Vikram Singh; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Ajay Kumar; Nishi Kumari
Drugs produced by plants and herbal medicines have been used since ancient times to treat human and animal diseases, and at present several countries still rely on herbs and plants as the main sources of drugs. Plants are also considered as biofactories for the production of phytochemicals. Phytomedicines have emerged as cost-effective, eco-friendly, and better alternative of synthetic medicines. Their negligible or absent side effects have drawn the attention of many plant scientists to explore such phytochemicals. Tissue culture technology is now considered a highly efficient tool for the production of such phytochemicals under controlled conditions. Plants are a rich source of various secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins, and are broadly utilized in the prevention of human ailments. This chapter summarizes the role of phytochemicals for their ability to provide health benefits, and pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and agrochemical role. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Plant tissue culture in tree species
(Elsevier, 2022) Pooja Jaiswal; Anand Vikram Singh; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Nishi Kumari
Growing cells, tissues, and organs on nutrient media under aseptic and controlled condition is called plant tissue culture. It has several applications such as mass multiplication of plants, germplasm conservation, production of pathogen-free plants, secondary metabolite production, and transgenic plant production. It is highly useful in understanding basic and applied aspects of plant science such as embryology, morphogenesis, cytology, pathology, physiology, biochemistry, etc. For improvement of plants through genetic manipulation, an efficient plant regeneration protocol is essential requirement. Improvement of several crops has become possible by screening and selecting superior somaclonal and gametoclonal variants. Commercial production of such plants has several benefits over conventional breeding techniques, as it takes less time with less labor input. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.