Browsing by Author "Rahul Verma"

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A NOVEL METHOD OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE LATENT FINGERPRINTS BASED ON THE POROSITY OF SILICEOUS ROCK POWDER CONTAINING FELDSPAR, BIOTITE AND ALBITE
(Medico Legal Society, 2022) Rahul Verma; Satya Prakash; Shalvi Agrawal; Astha Pandey
Background: Since ancient history, rock powder has been used in the commission of crime due to their widespread availability. The general sensation, even in the professional fingerprint area is that rock powder does not yield identifiable latent fingerprints. The author of this research paper selects some rocks of siliceous origin (SiO2).The siliceous rock powders have different process of formation and internal texture. Their mechanical adhesion, porosity and lustrous properties help to develop latent fingerprints. However, the rock powders could be obtained abundantly from the rocks exposed in natural sources containing fine grain of quartz (SiO2), K-feldspar, biotite, muscovite, and flaky minerals. The particle size of rock powders is obtained as fine dust of -100 to -120 mesh size. Result: The small particle size results in easy adherence to the oily components of the perspiration of the latent fingerprints. Developed fingerprints have demonstrated better appearance on some contrast surfaces than bright surfaces. In the present study, rock powder of dolerite and granite gneiss of the igneous clans and phyllite and quartzite of the metamorphic clan (high content of silicate minerals) demonstrated best results. However, rock powders of sedimentary origin such as glauconite sandstone have not produced any good result. Conclusion: Based on previous applications in forensic science, few siliceous powders were used for the identification of invisible fingerprints from the crime scene. Also, these are less toxic as compared to metallic powders, eco-friendly (obtained from the natural source as compared to the synthetic powders of chemical origin) and easily available in nature in abundance. The processing cost is very low in preparing it and is economically cheap to meet the requirement of a forensic expert. The rock powders from selected rock can be a good substitute for fingerprint developing powder in being comparatively cheaper than other commercially available powders. © 2022, Medico Legal Society. All rights reserved.
Biogenic synthesis of CuO/ZnO nanocomposite from Bauhinia variegate flower extract for highly sensitive electrochemical detection of vitamin B2
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Diksha Singh; Rahul Verma; Kshitij RB Singh; Manish Srivastava; Ravindra Pratap Singh; Jay Singh
In this study, we report the preparation of bio-inspired binary CuO/ZnO nanocomposite (bb-CuO/ZnO nanocomposite) via the biological route using Bauhinia variegata flower extract following hydrothermal treatment. The prepared bb-CuO/ZnO nanocomposite was electrophoretically deposited (EPD) on indium tin oxide (ITO) substrate to develop bb-CuO/ZnO/ITO biosensing electrode which is employed for the determination of vitamin B2 (Riboflavin) through electrochemical techniques. Physicochemical assets of the prepared bb-CuO/ZnO nanocomposite have been extensively evaluated and make use of different characterization techniques including powder XRD, FT-IR, AFM, SEM, TEM, EDX, XPS, Raman, and TGA. Electrochemical characteristics of the bb-CuO/ZnO/ITO biosensing electrode have been studied towards vitamin B2 determination. Furthermore, different biosensing parameters such as response time, reusability, stability, interference, and real sample analysis were also estimated. From the linear plot of scan rate, charge transfer rate constant (Ks), surface concentration of electrode (γ), and diffusion coefficient (D) have been calculated, and these are found to be 6.56 × 10−1 s−1, 1.21 × 10−7 mol cm−2, and 6.99 × 10−3 cm2 s−1, respectively. This biosensor exhibits the linear range of vitamin B2 detection from 1 to 40 μM, including sensitivity and limit of detection (LOD) of 1.37 × 10−3 mA/μM cm2 and 0.254 μM, respectively. For higher concentration range detection linearity is 50–100 μM, with sensitivity and the LOD of 1.26 × 10−3 mA/μM cm2 and 0.145 μM, respectively. The results indicate that the bio-inspired nanomaterials are promising sustainable biosensing platforms for various food and health-based biosensing devices. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Biogenic-magnesium oxide nanoparticles from Bauhinia variegata (Kachnar) flower extract: a sustainable electrochemical approach for vitamin-B12 determination in real fruit juice and milk
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Sarita Shaktawat; Rahul Verma; Kshitij RB Singh; Jay Singh
Vitamin-B12 (Vit-B12) is an essential organo-metallic micronutrient necessary for the proper functioning of the human body. Factors such as convenient lifestyle, starvation, and genetic defects are major contributing reasons for Vit-B12 deficiencies, which can lead to increased morbidities. Today's challenge lies not only in advancing the diagnosis of Vit-B12 but also in making it sustainable. In this context, the electrochemical detection of Vit-B12 was performed utilizing hydrothermally synthesized biogenic-magnesium oxide nanoparticles (B-MgO-NPs) derived from Kachnar (Bauhinia variegata) flower extract. After the synthesis of B-MgO-NPs, XRD, FTIR, Raman, UV-vis, XPS, SEM, EDX, and HR-TEM techniques were used to determine their structural and morphological characteristics. Electrochemical analysis results suggest that the fabrication of electrophoretically deposited B-MgO NPs on an indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate-based bioelectrode has more current density when compared with bare ITO. Moreover, it was also evident from cyclic voltammetry analysis that the fabricated bioelectrode exhibited sensitivities of 2.96 × 10−3 and 0.17 × 10−3 mA pM−1 cm−2 in a linear concentration range of 1-100 and 200-1200 pM, respectively. Furthermore, it demonstrated a low limit of detection (LOD) of 0.0884 pM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 1.3462 pM. Apart from standard sample analysis, the B-MgO NP/ITO bioelectrode was used to quantify real samples, such as preservative juice, fresh milk, orange juice, and vitamin-B12 tablets. Thus, the fabricated bioelectrode is reliable for real sample analysis. This study is important in the field of Vit-B12 detection, aiding in quality control, product development, and nutritional assessments. © 2024 RSC.
Development of a biodegradable microfluidic paper-based device for blood-plasma separation integrated with non-enzymatic electrochemical detection of ascorbic acid
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Neha Gautam; Rahul Verma; Rishi Ram; Jay Singh; Arnab Sarkar
In the present article, we developed an electrochemical microfluidic paper-based device (EμPAD) for the non-enzymatic detection of Ascorbic Acid (AA) concentration in plasma using whole human blood. We combined LF1 blood plasma separation membrane and Whatman grade 1 filter paper to separate plasma from whole blood through wax printing. A screen-printed electrode (SPE) was modified with spherical-shaped MgFe2O4 nanomaterial (n-MgF) to improve the catalytic properties of SPE. The n-MgF was prepared via hydrothermal method, and its material phase and morphology were confirmed via XRD, FTIR, TEM, SEM, and AFM analysis. The fabricated n-MgF/SPE/EμPAD exhibited detection of AA ranging from 0 to 80 μM. The obtained value of the detection limit, limit of quantification, sensitivity, and response time are 2.44 μM, 8.135 μM, 5.71 × 10−3 mA μM−1 cm−2, and 10 s, respectively. Our developed n-MgF/SPE/EμPAD shows marginal interference with the common analytes present in plasma, such as uric acid, glutamic acid, glucose, urea, lactic acid, and their mixtures. Overall, our low-cost, portable device with its user-friendly design and efficient plasma separation capability offers a practical and effective solution for estimating AA concentration from whole human blood in a single step. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Electro-optical behaviour of CuFe2O4@rGO nanocomposite for nonenzymatic detection of uric acid via the electrochemical method
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2023) Rahul Verma; Kshitij RB Singh; Ranjana Verma; Jay Singh
Uric acid (UA) is a blood and urine component obtained as a metabolic by-product of purine nucleotides. Abnormalities in UA metabolism cause crystal deposition as monosodium urate and lead to various diseases such as gout, hyperuricemia, Lesch–Nyhan syndrome, etc. Monitoring these diseases requires a rapid, sensitive, selective, and portable detection approach. Therefore, this study demonstrates the hydrothermal synthesis of CuFe2O4/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanocomposite for selective detection of UA. After the nanocomposite synthesis, characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–visible spectrometry, atomic force spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electrochemical analysis. Furthermore, from the electrochemical analysis using cyclic voltammetry (CV), kinetic studies were carried out by varying the scan rate to obtain the diffusion coefficient, surface concentration, and rate of charge transfer to achieve a calibration curve that indicates the quasi reversible nature of the fabricated electrode with a linear regression coefficient of oxidation (R2: 0.9992) and reduction (R2: 0.9971) peaks. Moreover, the fabricated nonenzymatic amperometric sensor to detect UA with a linearity (R2: 0.9989) of 1–400 μM was highly sensitive (2.75 × 10−4 mAμM−1 cm−2) and had a lower limit of detection (0.01231 μM) at pH 7.5 in phosphate-buffered saline solution. Therefore, the CuFe2O4/rGO/ITO-based nonenzymatic sensor could detect interfering agents and spiked real bovine serum samples with higher sensitivity and selectivity for UA detection. © 2023 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Electronic metal-organic framework sensors
(wiley, 2023) Ankur Srivastava; Rahul Verma; Gargi Mishra; Jay Singh; Mrituanjay D. Pandey
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are well-ordered and managed inorganic and organic molecules or complexes with large surface area and also the porosity. The size and shape is tunnel-like, having host-guest relations causes both physical and chemical sensitivity, such as temperature, pressure, pH, and light. These are active materials in device manufacturing, such as radiation detectors, chemical sensors, photodetectors, and various more. Electronic area and sensor devices are the new generations' research challenges. The hybrid creations in MOFs are also a new working field these days. In the present book chapter, we sum up the basic principle, and current literature on MOFs-based electronic sensors, such as optical, chemiresistive, and electromechanical sensors in terms of work function of MOFs, futures challenges, as well as prospects outlook. © 2024 WILEY-VCH GmbH. Published 2024 by WILEY-VCH GmbH. All rights reserved.
Fabrication of a mesoporous CoFe2O4/rGO nanohybrid and laccase interface biosensor for rapid detection of adrenaline for neurodegenerative disease diagnosis
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Rahul Verma; Surendra K. Yadav; Diksha Singh; Jay Singh
A hydrothermally synthesized mesoporous CoFe2O4 (CF)/reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanohybrid (nh) provides the electroactive surfaces and facilitates fast electron transfer between the nanofabricated bioelectrode-electrolyte interfaces, responsible for the high electrocatalytic activity in sensing adrenaline (AD). A promising biosensor for detecting adrenaline and bovine serum albumin (BSA) used as a real sample for diagnosing neurodegenerative diseases is described here. This study focuses on the electrochemical impedance biosensing of AD because of its unique ability to identify various kinds of health issues, including blood pressure, fight-or-flight response, memory loss, multiple sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and cardiac asthma. A La/CF/rGO/ITO bioelectrode (La: Laccase) is the biosensor component. It is created by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) of a CF/rGO nh and drop-casting immobilization of the La-enzyme. The low charge-transfer resistance (Rct) of the CF/rGO electrode was sensed by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), confirming the synergistic impact of CF/rGO on the La/CF/rGO/ITO fabricated bioelectrode in AD detection. This gives the high heterogeneous rate constant (Ks: 2.83 × 10−4) and increases the surface adsorption and diffusion coefficient (D: 5.25 × 10−2 cm2 s−1). The proposed biosensor exhibited high sensitivity (0.214 Ω μM−1 cm−2), long linear range (1 to 500 μM), lower detection limit (LoD: 40.3 μM), high selectivity (RSD 5.8%), and stability with good recovery %, emphasizing its potential implementation in biosensing techniques for monitoring neurotransmitter disorders in real world applications. © 2025 RSC.
In2S3 incorporated into CO32−@Ni/Fe/Zn trimetallic LDH as a bi-functional novel nanomaterial for enzymatic urea sensing and removal of sulfur-containing pharmaceutical from aqueous streams
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Soumya Ranjan Mishra; Vishal Gadore; Rahul Verma; Kshitij RB Singh; Jay Singh; Md. Ahmaruzzaman
The Ni/Fe/Zn trimetallic LDH intercalated with carbonate ions grown over In2S3 nanoparticles to form a novel In2S3/LDH nanocomposite fabricated with the combined efforts of the solvothermal and in-situ precipitation processes, as well as its enzymatic sensing and visible light-induced degradation ability, were thoroughly investigated in this study. The urease-immobilized In2S3/LDH/ITO electrode showed high-performance electrochemical sensing over a wide range of 1–240 µM with a lower limit of detection (LOD) of 0.246 µM and enhanced sensitivity of 2.29 × 10−7 A μM−1 cm−2 in phosphate buffer solution (50 mM, pH 7.5, 0.9 % NaCl) at a scan rate of 50 mV s−1. The fabricated electrode was reusable for up to 15 scans and demonstrated very high selectivity towards urea, as it showed an insignificant change in current, even in the introduction of various interferences. Furthermore, the synthesized In2S3/LDH nanocomposite demonstrated enhanced photocatalytic ability for degradation of 15 ppm of emerging sulfur-containing pollutant pantoprazole with an impressive efficiency of 98.25 ± 1.51 % in 35 min of visible light irradiation, with a high rate constant of 0.1 min−1. The H2O2-assisted AOP process showed improved COD removal of up to 87.31 ± 1.43 %, with high stability and reusability up to 7 consecutive cycles. Moreover, the as-prepared In2S3/LDH nanocomposite also showed significant degradation of other emerging pollutants with a more than 70 % degradation efficiency. As a result, this composite is a potential electrocatalyst for urea sensors in practical analysis, and it also has outstanding photodegradation of pantoprazole under visible light irradiation. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Laccase-Conjugated Nanostructured ZnFe2O4/rGO-Modified Electrode-Based Interfaces for Electrochemical Impedance Monitoring of Adrenaline: A Promising Biosensor for Management of Neurodegenerative Disorders
(American Chemical Society, 2023) Rahul Verma; Surendra K. Yadav; Kshitij RB Singh; Ranjana Verma; Deepak Kumar; Jay Singh
A propitious biosensor for adrenaline (AD) detection in bovine serum albumin (BSA) real samples, which can be used for diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, is reported here. The biosensor consists of a La/ZF/rGO/ITO bioelectrode, which is fabricated by electrophoretic deposition of zinc ferrite/reduced graphene oxide (ZF/rGO) nanohybrid followed by drop casting of laccase (La) enzymes. The material characterization and electrochemical studies revealed that the ZF/rGO nanohybrid enhanced the electroactive surface and facilitated direct electron transfer between the electrode and electrolyte interface, resulting in enhanced electrocatalytic performance. The cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results asserted that the ZF/rGO nanohybrid decreased the charge-transfer resistance (Rct) and increased the surface adsorption, leading to a high diffusion coefficient (D) of 0.192 cm2/s. The biosensor exhibited a high sensitivity of 0.71 Ω/μM cm2, a good linear range (0.1 to 140 μM with R2 = 0.98), and a low limit of detection (LOD) is 12.5 μM, demonstrating the synergic effect of ZF and rGO in the La/ZF/rGO/ITO bioelectrode with AD. The biosensor also exhibited high selectivity and stability (55 days) in the presence of interfering substances and in BSA samples, with a recovery percentage close to 100 ± 5% RSD, indicating its potential biosensing applications for real-world applications in disease diagnostics, monitoring, and treatment. © 2023 American Chemical Society.
Melt-quenched vanadium pentoxide-stabilized chitosan nanohybrids for efficient hydrazine detection
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2021) Jay Singh; Kshitij R.B. Singh; Manish Kumar; Rahul Verma; Ranjana Verma; Priya Malik; Saurabh Srivastava; Ravindra Pratap Singh; Devendra Kumar
Nanocrystalline low-dimensional nanostructured vanadium pentoxide (n-V2O5) nanoparticles were synthesized using a hydrothermal and melt-quenching approach without using any reducing agent, acids/bases, and hazardous solvents. Further, the synthesized V2O5 nanoparticles were successfully dispersed in a chitosan (CS) solution for fabricating an organic-inorganic nanohybrid matrix for the electrocatalytic determination of hydrazine to avoid human exposure. Furthermore, this study was supported by various sophisticated tools to characterize the synthesized V2O5 and V2O5-CS films, namely UV-Vis, PL, FTIR, XRD, SEM, AFM, TEM, and EDX. The V2O5-CS nanohybrid showed a substantial sensing strength when deposited onto an indium-tin-oxide (ITO)-coated glass substrate without ultrasonication and studied using amperometry and cyclic voltammetry techniques. Thus, the electrochemical responses against various hydrazine concentrations obtained from the fabricated V2O5-CS/ITO electrode demonstrated high sensitivity, a low detection limit, a quick response time, and a wide linear range of 50.48 μA μM-1 cm-2, 0.084 mM, 20 seconds, and 2-22 mM at a 50 mV scan rate, respectively. Hence, the utilization of V2O5-CS-based inorganic-organic nanohybrid materials fabricates a robust sensing system and a favorable sensing platform with wide applications towards the development of electrochemical sensor devices. © 2021 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Nanoengineered β-MnO2/rGO nanobead-based bioconjugate interfaces for the electrochemical detection of dopamine for the potential to manage neurological diseases and depression
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023) Rahul Verma; Kshitij RB Singh; Ranjana Verma; Ravindra Pratap Singh; Jay Singh
In this study, we successfully developed a highly effective nanobead (nb) morphology-based β-MnO2/rGO nanocomposite via low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis. These nb morphologies possess significant surface areas, enabling the efficient loading of biomolecules and facilitating excellent charge transfer from substrates to analytes. The resulting nanocomposite was used as a dopamine (DA) biosensor, a crucial monoamine neurotransmitter in living organisms. The instability of DA concentration in biological fluids contributes to various diseases, including Parkinson's disease, hyperactivity disorder, Alzheimer's disease, and dementia. To address these challenges, ex situ hydrothermally prepared nb-β-MnO2/rGO nanocomposite conjugates with tyrosinase (Tyr) enzyme were used to fabricate amperometric DA biosensor interfaces. Various characterization techniques, such as XRD, FTIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, AFM, SEM, and TEM, were used to analyze the structural and morphological features of the fabricated nanocomposite. The Tyr/nb-β-MnO2/rGO/ITO bioelectrode exhibited efficient electrocatalytic activity towards the oxidation of DA, outperforming the rGO and nb-β-MnO2-fabricated electrode due to the synergistic effect of the nb-β-MnO2/rGO nanocomposite. The Tyr/nb-β-MnO2/rGO/ITO biosensor demonstrated excellent analytical performance with a longer linear range (1-250 μM), high sensitivity (2.633 × 10−6 A μM−1 cm−2), low detection limit (6.42 × 10−2 μM), fast response time (10 s), extended stability (80 days), and high reproducibility (13 number of scans). This promising nanobead morphology-based β-MnO2/rGO electrode is used for various amperometric biosensing applications. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Preparation, antibacterial activity, and electrocatalytic detection of hydrazine based on biogenic CuFeO2/PANI nanocomposites synthesized using Aloe barbadensis miller
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2022) Pooja Singh; Kshitij RB Singh; Rahul Verma; Priyanka Prasad; Ranjana Verma; Subha Narayan Das; Jay Singh; Ravindra Pratap Singh
This work focuses on the biogenic synthesis of CuFeO2 nanocomposites (B-CuFeO2 NCs) and B-CuFeO2/polyaniline (PANI) NCs synthesized using Aloe barbadensis miller gel extracts for demonstrating their antibacterial activity and utility as electrochemical sensors for the quantification of hydrazine for agricultural applications. Hydrazine retention in plants can build up throughout the food chain, posing a hazard to animal and possibly human health; it can also inhibit seed germination and causes leaf wilting in several agricultural plants. Consequently, it is essential to study hydrazine absorption and dispersion in plants. Thus, in this study the optical, structural, and morphological characteristics of the as-prepared nanocomposites were investigated by utilizing UV-visible, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX). Then, the biologically synthesized NCs were deposited onto glass substrates (indium-tin-oxide) to perform electro-oxidation studies of hydrazine utilizing differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). Hence, from the study findings, it is evident that the B-CuFeO2/PANI NC modified electrode has an extremely high sensitivity of 47.36 μA mM−1 cm−2 for hydrazine and a lower detection limit of 0.0313 mM under optimized experimental conditions, and the as-prepared NCs also demonstrated efficient antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. © 2022 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Self-assembled copper oxide nanoflakes for highly sensitive electrochemical xanthine detection in fish-freshness biosensors
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) G. Sriramulu; Rahul Verma; Kshitij RB Singh; Pooja Singh; Ch. Shilpa Chakra; Sadhucharan Mallick; Ravindra Pratap Singh; K. Sadhana; Jay Singh
Xanthine presence in meat indicates the freshness of the fish meat, whereas, in urine and serum, it indicates potentially lethal health issues for humans. The investigation's primary emphases are food safety and human health, both of which are significant in perspective of the recent, rapidly increasing industrialization. Fish is occasionally sold globally due to its high protein content and availability of omega-3 fatty acids. However, with today's anxious lifestyle, the consumption of packaged meals has increased dramatically, and evaluating how much fresh fish has an important impact on the food industry and consumers has substantial health concerns. Therefore, one of the most important areas of concern is the early identification of fish freshness. In addition to providing information on the freshness of the meat, measuring the amount of xanthine in serum or urine may help determine the cause and treatment of several physiological illnesses, including xanthinuria, hyperuricemia, and kidney problems. Therefore, this work employed a temperature-based synthesis in combination with microwave-hydrothermal techniques to synthesize CuO nanoflakes, thereby solving the problem of fish freshness. Further, numerous techniques, including structural and morphological studies of as-prepared nanomaterial. Additionally, the surface of CuO nanoflakes that have been electrophoretic deposited (EPD) on an ITO electrode surface and xanthine oxidase (XOx) immobilized by the drop cast method. A detailed analysis was conducted on the amperometric response of the XOx/CuO/ITO bioelectrode with many factors such as xanthine concentration, stability, reusability, operating pH, and scan rate analysis. It was discovered that the presence of the CuO matrix caused the charge transfer rate (Ks) between the electrode and immobilized XOx to be 1.472 s−1. The maximal current response (0.729 mA) was observed at 40 s, with sensitivity 8.6 × 10−3 mA/μMcm2 and a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.756 μM of the XOx/CuO/ITO bioelectrode. As a result, the assembled XOx/CuO/ITO bioelectrode shows great promise for accelerating the development of a biosensor for monitoring the xanthine concentration in the fish to be reliable for food and healthcare. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Uricase conjugated nanostructured NiFe2O4/rGO modified flexible screen-printed carbon electrode based interface for long-range electrochemical determination of uric acid
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Rahul Verma; Kshitij RB Singh; Ranjana Verma; Jay Singh
Uric acid (UA) is a biomarker linked with gout and kidney stones that is harmful to the human body. Thus, this study explores the detection of UA using the differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) method. Initially synthesizing a highly active Nickel ferrite/reduced graphene oxide (NiFe2O4/rGO) nanocomposite ferrite material by simple surfactant-free low-temperature hydrothermal approach. The as-synthesized material was studied using various spectroscopic and microscopic techniques. The bioelectrode was fabricated on a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE), and the as-prepared Uricase/NiFe2O4/rGO/SPCE demonstrated improved electrochemical oxidation peak current (Ipa). While its electrochemical biosensing performance towards various UA concentrations shows a wide linear range from 5 to 900 μM, with a lower limit of detection (21·9 μM), high sensitivity (1·05×10−4 mA/μM cm2), good selectivity (RSD < 5·7 %), excellent stability, and repeatability. In addition, the fabricated bioelectrode was also explored to quantify the amount of UA in bovine serum albumin (BSA) real spiked samples. Hence, the proposed biosensor has potential applications in point-of-care-treatment of numerous disorders related to UA metabolism. © 2024