Browsing by Author "Rakesh Kumar Singh"

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2-Mercaptoquinoline Analogues: A Potent Antileishmanial Agent
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2018) Suvajit Koley; Neeraj Tiwari; Neelabh; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Maya Shankar Singh
Leishmaniases are endemic in various countries and parasite is developing resistance against available drugs. Thus, development of new drugs against Leishmania is an open area of investigation for synthetic organic chemist. In order to meet this challenge, a series of 2-mercaptoquinoline derivatives have been synthesized and docked into the active site of Trypanothione reductase (TryR) enzyme required for redox balance of parasite. These were screened on promastigote and intracellular amastigote stages of L. donovani and found to show high levels of antileishmanial activity together with no cytotoxicity. Some of the synthesized compounds tested here, exhibited very steady and promising leishmanicidal activity against both promastigotes & intracellular amastigotes form, and the observations have been superbly supported by the docking results. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
A comparative analysis of mycobacterial ribonucleases: Towards a therapeutic novel drug target
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Lav Kumar Jaiswal; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Tanmayee Nayak; Anuja Kakkar; Garima Kandwal; Vijay Shankar Singh; Ankush Gupta
Bacterial responses to continuously changing environments are addressed through modulation of gene expression at the level of transcription initiation, RNA processing and/or decay. Ribonucleases (RNases) are hydrolytic or phosphorolytic enzymes involved in a majority of RNA metabolism reactions. RNases play a crucial role in RNA degradation, either independently or in collaboration with various trans-acting regulatory factors. The genus Mycobacterium consists of five subgenera: Mycobacteroides, Mycolicibacterium, Mycobacterium, Mycolicibacter and Mycolicibacillus, which include 63 fully sequenced species (pathogenic/non-pathogenic) to date. These include 13 different RNases, among which 5 are exonucleases (RNase PH, PNPase, RNase D, nano-RNases and RNase AS) and 8 are endonucleases (RNase J, RNase H, RNase P, RNase III, RNase BN, RNase Z, RNase G and RNase E), although RNase J and RNase BN were later identified to have exoribonuclease functions also. Here, we provide a detailed comparative insight into the Escherichia coli and mycobacterial RNases with respect to their types, phylogeny, structure, function, regulation and mechanism of action, with the main emphasis on RNase E. Among these 13 different mycobacterial RNases, 10 are essential for cell survival and have diverse structures hence, they are promising drug targets. RNase E is also an essential endonuclease that is abundant in many bacteria, forms an RNA degradosome complex that controls central RNA processing/degradation and has a conserved 5′ sensor domain/DNase-I like region in its RNase domain. The essential mycobacterial RNases especially RNase E provide a potential repertoire of drug targets that can be exploited for inhibitor/modulator screening against many deadly mycobacterial diseases. © 2024 The Authors
Aberration-insensitive twisted wavefront detection using polarization correlation
(Institute of Physics, 2022) Reajmina Parvin; Tushar Sarkar; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Maruthi M Brundavanam
We have demonstrated using higher-order Stokes correlations that the retrieved amplitude and phase information of the optical vortex (OV) beam and its orbital angular momentum spectrum when it is propagating through a scattering medium are insensitive to the external aberration from the optical system. A theoretical framework of the proposed technique is described and validated by considering an aberration in the propagation channel by optical system. The usefulness of the technique is demonstrated in the recovery of amplitude and phase information of an OV beam even in presence of aberration. Comparisons between aberrated and non-aberrated cases are discussed to examine and evaluate the performance of the technique. © 2022 IOP Publishing Ltd.
Activation of human NK cells and monocytes with cisplatin in vitro
(1990) Ajit Sodhi; Kalpana Pai; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Sukh Mahendra Singh
Human natural killer (NK) cells and monocytes treated in vitro concomitantly with cisplatin and rIFN-γ enhanced lysis of K562 cells. Lysis was dependent upon the duration of treatment. Cisplatin and rIFN-γ treated monocytes were equally cytotoxic to NK sensitive (K562) and NK resistant (Daudi & Raji) cell lines whereas NK cells were not rendered cytotoxic against NK resistant tumor cells. NK- and monocyte-mediated cytotoxicity against K562 cells was further enhanced when the effector cells were primed with rIFN-γ and were subsequently treated with cisplatin. © 1990.
Activation of murine macrophages by tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interferon-γ and cisplatin
(1990) Ajit Sodhi; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Kalpana Pai
Murine peritoneal macrophages were rendered tumoricidal to Dalton's lymphoma (DL) cells on incubation with recombinant tumor necrosis factor alpha (rTNF-α), recombinant interleukin-1 (rIL-1) and cisplatin in vitro. Simultaneous treatment of macrophages with suboptimal doses of rTNF-α and rIL-1 had additive effect on the activation of macrophages. Priming of macrophages with recombinant interferon gamma (rIFN-γ) significantly enhanced the rTNF-α and rIL-1-induced macrophage cytotoxicity. Cisplatin was found to up-regulate rIL-1-induced macrophage activation but inhibited the activation of macrophages with rTNF-α. These studies indicate the potential of appropriate combination of these Biological Response Modifiers (BRMs) against neoplasia. © 1990.
An approach to the understanding of the clinical-etiopathological aspect of COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2)
(J. K. Welfare and Pharmascope Foundation, 2020) Meena Kumari; Monika Agrawal; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Parameswarappa S. Byadgi
Currently, the world is facing a health and socioeconomic crisis caused by the novel coronavirus disease COVID-19. On 11 March 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) has declared this disease as a pandemic. The condition (COVID-19) is an infectious disorder triggered by a newly discovered severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2. Most of the COVID-19 infected patients will experience mild to moderate respiratory symptoms and recover without any unique therapy. Assessment of the clinical and epidemio-logical characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 cases suggests the infected patients will not be contagious until the onset of severe symptoms and affects the other organs. Well-differentiated cells of apical airway epithelia communicating with ACE2 were promptly infected to SARS-CoV-2 virus. But the expression of ACE 2 in poorly differentiated epithelia facilitated SARS spike (S) protein-pseudo typed virus entry and it is replicated in polarized epithelia and espe-cially exited via the apical surface. Limiting the transmission of COVID-19 infection & its prevention can be regarded as a hierarchy of controls. In this article, we briefly discuss the most recent advances in respect to aetiology, pathogenesis and clinical progression of the disease COVID-19. © 2020, J. K. Welfare and Pharmascope Foundation. All rights reserved.
Antidiabetic activity of standardized extract of Quassia amara in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
(2011) Gulam Mohammed Husain; Paras Nath Singh; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Vikas Kumar
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of a standardized methanol extract of Quassia amara L. (Family: Simaroubaceae) in nicotinamide-streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus was induced by streptozotocin in rats pre-treated with nicotinamide. Diabetic rats were treated with oral doses of Quassia amara extract (QaE; 100 and 200 mg/kg) or glibenclamide (10 mg/kg; as standard). QaE and glibenclamide were administered as a suspension in 0.3% carboxy methyl cellulose for 14 days. Control animals received an equal volume of vehicle. Blood samples were collected by retro-orbital puncture on day 14, 1 h after last treatment. Plasma glucose, insulin and lipid parameters (total cholesterol, LDL-C, HDL-C and triglycerides) were measured using commercially available biochemical kits. The oral glucose tolerance test was performed to evaluate the effect of the extract on peripheral glucose utilization in normal rats. Both doses of QaE significantly (p < 0.01) reduced elevated fasting blood glucose levels in diabetic rats. In the oral glucose tolerance test, QaE treatment significantly increased (p < 0.05) the glucose tolerance compared with the vehicle. QaE and glibenclamide, effectively normalized dyslipidemia associated with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The findings of the present study indicate that Quassia amara extract may be potentially valuable in the treatment of diabetes and associated dyslipidemia. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Antifungal Activity of Siderophore Isolated From Escherichia coli Against Aspergillus nidulans via Iron-Mediated Oxidative Stress
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Azmi Khan; Pratika Singh; Ravinsh Kumar; Sujit Das; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Usha Mina; Ganesh Kumar Agrawal; Randeep Rakwal; Abhijit Sarkar; Amrita Srivastava
Microorganisms produce various secondary metabolites for growth and survival. During iron stress, they produce secondary metabolites termed siderophores. In the current investigation, antifungal activity of catecholate siderophore produced by Escherichia coli has been assessed against Aspergillus nidulans. Exogenous application of the bacterial siderophore to fungal cultures resulted in decreased colony size, increased filament length, and changes in hyphal branching pattern. Growth inhibition was accompanied with increased intracellular iron content. Scanning electron microscopy revealed dose-dependent alteration in fungal morphology. Fluorescent staining by propidium iodide revealed cell death in concert with growth inhibition with increasing siderophore concentration. Antioxidative enzyme activity was also compromised with significant increase in catalase activity and decrease in ascorbate peroxidase activity. Siderophore-treated cultures showed increased accumulation of reactive oxygen species as observed by fluorescence microscopy and enhanced membrane damage in terms of malondialdehyde content. Antifungal property might thus be attributed to xenosiderophore-mediated iron uptake leading to cell death. STRING analysis showed interaction of MirB (involved in transport of hydroxamate siderophore) and MirA (involved in transport of catecholate siderophore), confirming the possibility of uptake of iron–xenosiderophore complex through fungal transporters. MirA structure was modeled and validated with 95% residues occurring in the allowed region. In silico analysis revealed MirA–Enterobactin–Fe3+ complex formation. Thus, the present study reveals a promising antifungal agent in the form of catecholate siderophore and supports involvement of MirA fungal receptors in xenosiderophore uptake. © Copyright © 2021 Khan, Singh, Kumar, Das, Singh, Mina, Agrawal, Rakwal, Sarkar and Srivastava.
Antigens activated SOCS3+CD200R+CD4+ T cells are critical to Leishmania pathogenesis and a distinctive target for vaccine development
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Abhishek Kumar Singh; Baishakhi Mahapatra; Ankita Srivastava; Samer Singh; Pradeep Kumar Das; Rakesh Kumar Singh
The expression of suppression of cytokine signalling protein (SOCS3) has been posited as a critical determinant of T cells differentiation and maturation during visceral leishmaniasis (VL), however, the antigen-activated CD4+ T cell phenotypes expressing this protein have not been explored much. Since, the inherent nature of SOCS3 protein directs the polarization of CD4+ T cells towards anti-inflammatory Th2 axis, the identification of SOCS3 expressing T-cell phenotypes will provide a better understanding on Leishmania immunobiology. Our previous findings have delineated a distinct Leishmania antigens activated CD4+ T cells phenotype expressing CD200R receptor that acts as prime anti-inflammatory disease promoting subset. Here, in this study we observed that the SOCS3+ antigen activated CD200R+CD4+ T cells phenotype is succinctly involved in cytokines regulation during Leishmania infection. We further observed that CD200R+CD4+ T cells expressing higher levels of SOCS3 protein have the potential to polarize these cells to produce more IL-10, and less IL-12 & IFN-γ as compared to CD200R−CD4+T cells on exposure to whole killed Leishmania vaccine in a mice model of VL. Furthermore, the observed decline in splenic SOCS3 expression along with inflammatory factors like prostaglandin E2, upon abrogation of CD200R signalling in Leishmania infected animals suggest a coordinated role of CD200R and SOCS3 protein in VL pathogenesis. These findings prompted us to study the potential of CD200R and SOCS3 in the vaccine-induced immunity. Immunization with an in-house whole killed Leishmania vaccine adjuvanted with anti-CD200 antibodies not only reduced splenic SOCS3 expression but also enhanced CD4+ T cells' effector functions and their memory conversion. The down-regulation of splenic SOCS3 was also found correlated with reduced granuloma and parasitic load in SOCS3-low mice groups. Hence, the identified SOCS3+CD200R+CD4+ T cells subset reveals a potential disease-promoting phenotype that can be targeted to enhance the immunogenicity of Leishmania antigens. © 2025
Beyond plaques and tangles: The role of immune cell dysfunction in Alzheimer's disease
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Nasif Hussain; Mohd Moin Khan; Ayushi Sharma; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Rizwan Hasan Khan
The interplay between immune cell dysfunction and associated neuroinflammation plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Neuroinflammation, orchestrated by microglia and peripheral immune cells, exacerbates synaptic dysfunction and neurodegeneration in AD. Emerging evidence suggests a systemic immune response in AD, challenging traditional views of neurocentric pathology. Therapeutic strategies targeting neuroinflammation hold promise, yet translating preclinical findings into clinical success remains elusive. This article presents recent advances in AD scientific studies, highlighting the pivotal role of immune cell dysfunction and signaling pathways in disease progression. We also discussed therapeutic studies targeting immune cell dysregulation, as treatment methods. This advocates for a paradigm shift towards holistic approaches that integrate peripheral and central immune responses, fostering a comprehensive understanding of AD pathophysiology and paving the way for transformative interventions. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd
Bio-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles using leaf extract of Uraria picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC.: Characterization and evaluation of its activity against Leishmania donovani
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Jyoti Dixit; Pradeep Kumar; Rajan Singh; Pooja Verma; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Jasmeet Singh
Uraria picta is used as a folk medicine to cure various ailments. Regardless of ethnobotanical application, a therapeutic study of the plant parts has yet to be reported. Aqueous leaf extract was enriched with secondary metabolites like phenols, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Total phenol (60.97 mgG−1 GAE), total flavonoid (52.36 mgG−1 RE), and antioxidant activity (IC50 2666.95 µgmL−1) of the extract were measured. Bio-based silver nanoparticles (LEUP-AgNPs) were fabricated using a secondary metabolite-enriched leaf extract of U. picta (LEUP), and characterization of LEUP-AgNPs was done. The LEUP-AgNPs were crystalline, circular (13.04 ± 5.97 nm), monodisperse (pdi 0.205), and stable (-17.8 mV). The LEUP-AgNPs surface was composed of carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and silver. A comparative study was performed to evaluate the potential of LEUP and LEUP-AgNPs against promastigotes and intra-RAW264.7 macrophage amastigotes of Leishmania donovani. A high dose of LEUP and LEUP-AgNPs significantly inhibited the growth of promastigotes up to 53% and 68%, with an IC50 value of 47.90 µgmL−1 and 6.79 µgmL−1, respectively. LEUP and LEUP-AgNPs higher doses also inhibited intracellular amastigotes up to 53% and 80% with an IC50 value of 6.72 µgmL−1 and 1.16 µgmL−1, respectively. The microscopic examination revealed that LEUP-AgNPs lead to size reduction and aggregations of promastigotes. The LEUP-AgNPs efficiently declined the number of amastigotes per RAW 264.7 macrophages compared to LEUP. LEUP-AgNPs had no cytotoxic effects on RAW 264.7 macrophages based on the CC50 value. Findings showed LEUP-AgNPs were more efficient than LEUP in controlling L. donovani, which induces visceral leishmaniasis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Bio-functional Compounds in Pigmented Rice: Recent Updates on Extractions, Delivery Mode, and Application in Food Systems
(Springer, 2025) Saloni; Dinesh Chandra Rai; Raj Kumar Duary; Rakesh Kumar Singh
Pigmented rice including red, black, purple, green, and brown has nutraceutical properties since it contains several bioactive compounds, significantly more than those of normal white rice, but consumption is less due to a lack of awareness. This review examines the potential of pigmented rice varieties as sources of anthocyanins and highlights bioactive such as essential oils, sterols, γ-oryzanols, tannins, tocopherols, and amino acids with a focus on the recent techniques available for effective extraction, recovery, application in the food system, and its health benefits. Given their inherent labile nature, encapsulation in the form of micro, nano, and liposomal offers protection from the extreme conditions employed in the different processing and formulation treatments of foods. A plethora of information is available on the use of solvent extraction and other novel extraction approaches for bioactive, such as enzyme-assisted, microwave-assisted, supercritical fluid–based, radiofrequency-assisted, ultrasound-assisted extractions, and integrated thermal-thermal, thermal-non-thermal, non-thermal-non-thermal approaches; however, their application to pigmented rice is limited. Moreover, encapsulation technologies like spray drying, spray chilling, freeze-drying, and the use of liposomes have also been widely recommended. However, there is considerable disparity between claims made for extraction and encapsulation of such products on a practical industrial scale because of viability on extremely small laboratory scales. A key recommendation is to focus their attention on scaling up laboratory processes. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2025.
Bioaccumulation of fluoride in plants and its microbially assisted remediation: A review of biological processes and technological performance
(MDPI, 2021) Rakesh Kumar; Rama Sinha; Pushpa Kumari Sharma; Nishita Ivy; Pawan Kumar; Nishi Kant; Aprajita Jha; Prakash Kumar Jha; Pankaj Kumar Gupta; Prabhakar Sharma; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Rajeev Pratap Singh; Ashok Ghosh; P.V. Vara Prasad
Fluoride is widely found in soil–water systems due to anthropogenic and geogenic activities that affect millions worldwide. Fluoride ingestion results in chronic and acute toxicity, including skeletal and dental fluorosis, neurological damage, and bone softening in humans. Therefore, this review paper summarizes biological processes for fluoride remediation, i.e., bioaccumulation in plants and microbially assisted systems. Bioremediation approaches for fluoride removal have recently gained prominence in removing fluoride ions. Plants are vulnerable to fluoride accumulation in soil, and their growth and development can be negatively affected, even with low fluoride content in the soil. The microbial bioremediation processes involve bioaccumulation, biotransformation, and biosorption. Bacterial, fungal, and algal biomass are ecologically efficient bioremediators. Most bioremediation techniques are laboratory-scale based on contaminated solutions; however, treatment of fluoride-contaminated wastewater at an industrial scale is yet to be investigated. Therefore, this review recommends the practical applicability and sustainability of microbial bioremediation of fluoride in different environments. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Biochemical and Molecular Evaluation of Rhizobium spp. and its Growth Promotion Studies with Lentil (Lens culinaris Medik. L.)
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2023) Umakant Banjare; Arun Kumar Patel; Ashish Kumar Pandey; Santosh Kumar; Ramesh Kumar Singh; Prahlad Masurkar; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Sandeep Kumar Gupta
Growth promoting Rhizobium spp are frequently used as biofertilizers for agricultural cropping system. Furthermore, Isolation, screening and biochemical characterization of Rhizobium for a specific plant is necessary to examine ability of isolated bacteria to affect the growth and development of host plant in various ways. The current study was aimed to isolate plant specific rhizobacterial strains which are compatible with lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.L.) plant. 20 bacterial isolates have been isolated from root nodules of lentil from various agro ecological area and their biochemical characterization was performed by different plant growth promotion activities. The result showed that, among 20 isolates, four isolates have vigorous plant growth promoting activities. Four bacterial strains were able to solubilise phosphorous along with hormone production. Moreover, among four bacterial strains, two strongly produced HCN and siderophore in vitro. Subsequently, all selected bacterial isolates were inoculated in lentil seeds of variety HUL57 to study germination percentage and vigour index of the crop. Out of four isolates 26N isolate performed best growth promotion activities on lentil seedlings. Finally, on the basis of performance of bacteria on plant, four isolates were characterized using molecular approach of species identification such as 16S rRNA sequencing. © The Author(s) 2023.
Biological properties of selected overburdens of Singrauli coalfields
(Technoscience Publications, 2016) Priyal Pandey; Mahendra Kumar Verma; Raj Mukhopadhyay; Nirmal De; Resham Dwivedi; N.C. Karmakar; Sumit Pandey; Rakesh Kumar Singh
Coalfield mine overburden or abandoned mine sites is a major environmental concern. Overburden materials are nutrient-poor, loosely adhered particles of shale, stones, boulders and cobbles and are devoid of true soil character. Eco-restoration or natural transformation of overburden materials to soil for cultivation is a time taking process. In the present study, we focused on how the OB materials are different from nearby natural soil and explored the characterization of physical, chemical and biological properties of different aged overburden undergoing the process of eco-restoration. Further, we have analysed various microbial population, enzymatic activities and microbial respiration process in different aged overburdens vis-a-vis nearby soil. Microbial population was more in 16 year old overburden among different aged OB but less than nearby soil. Dehydrogenase, Urease activity showed an increasing trend with maturity age of overburden representing higher microbial population, while alkaline phosphatase activity is not following any trend. Soil microbial respiration was found to be increased with age of overburden. Carbon mineralization rate constant in all overburden lied in a narrow range (0.020-0.011) day-1 and it did not show any significant variation as compared to native forest soil (0.03 day-1). Mineralizable carbon was found more in native soil (7.95 mg C/kg of overburden) and 16 year old overburden (5.56 mg C/kg of overburden). Cumulative CO2 evolved was more in native forest soil (8.67 mg C/kg), and was comparable with 16 year old overburden (5.4 mg C/kg). Microbial population, enzymatic activity and carbon mineralization can act as an indicator for analysing changes in overburden spoil properties due to ecorestoration.
Classification of clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae based on their in vitro biofilm forming capabilities and elucidation of the biofilm matrix chemistry with special reference to the protein content
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2019) Ashish Kumar Singh; Shivangi Yadav; Brijesh Singh Chauhan; Nabarun Nandy; Rajan Singh; Kaushik Neogi; Jagat Kumar Roy; Saripella Srikrishna; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Pradyot Prakash
Klebsiella pneumoniae is a human pathogen, capable of forming biofilms on abiotic and biotic surfaces. The limitations of the therapeutic options against Klebsiella pneumoniae is actually due to its innate capabilities to form biofilm and harboring determinants of multidrug resistance. We utilized a newer approach for classification of biofilm producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates and subsequently we evaluated the chemistry of its slime, more accurately its biofilm. We extracted and determined the amount of polysaccharides and proteins from representative bacterial biofilms. The spatial distribution of sugars and proteins were then investigated in the biofilm matrix using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). Thereafter, the extracted matrix components were subjected to sophisticated analysis incorporating Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, one-dimensional gel-based electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and MALDI MS/MS analysis. Besides, the quantification of its total proteins, total sugars, uronates, total acetyl content was also done. Results suggest sugars are not the only/major constituent of its biofilms. The proteins were harvested and subjected to SDS-PAGE which revealed various common and unique protein bands. The common band was excised and analyzed by HPLC. MALDI MS/MS results of this common protein band indicated the presence of different proteins within the biofilm. The 55 different proteins were identified including both cytosolic and membrane proteins. About 22 proteins were related to protein synthesis and processing while 15 proteins were identified related to virulence. Similarly, proteins related to energy and metabolism were 8 and those related to capsule and cell wall synthesis were 4. These results will improve our understanding of Klebsiella biofilm composition and will further help us design better strategies for controlling its biofilm such as techniques focused on weakening/targeting certain portions of the slime which is the most common building block of the biofilm matrix. Copyright © 2019 Singh, Yadav, Chauhan, Nandy, Singh, Neogi, Roy, Srikrishna, Singh and Prakash. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
Clinical assessment scales for the Kostha
(J. K. Welfare and Pharmascope Foundation, 2020) Neera Saini; Pradeep Kumar Pal; S.K. Shukla; Rakesh Kumar Singh; P.S. Byadgi
The present clinical study is planned to develop a scale to assess the Kostha. Kostha is accredited in the scriptures as Mahasrotas (the great channel), Sharira Madhya (central section of the body), Mahanimna (the inmost part of the body) and Amapakvashaya (stomach and intestines). The term Kostha is expressed in the context of bowel habit and clinically it is classified into three types Mridu, Madhyama and Krura. Regarding the assessment of Kostha.i.e. bowel habit should be examined considering the frequency, consis-tency, straining during defecation etc. Randomly 60 healthy cases were regis-tered for the assessment of Kostha. A self developed 10-items was introduced earlier and 9-items in the final scale. Mean, Median, Standard deviation, higher and lower values etc. of total score were calculated. The reliability of the scale was calculated by administering Cronbach-alpha, was found 0.835, indicating higher reliability of the test. Construct validity of the test was determined by finding coefficient of correlation between scores and reliability of the scores. It was found 0.913 & it indicates higher validity. © International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences. All rights reserved.
Coherence optics to steer new trends in the digital holography
(Optica Publishing Group (formerly OSA), 2022) Rakesh Kumar Singh
Digital holography is an emerging method with a coherence light. Here, we discuss holography with a stochastic light and highlight the role of coherence optics in steering new trends in the DH. © 2022 The Author (s)
Comparative study of connexins expression in diabetic and nondiabetic wounds
(Inst Materials Physics, 2010) Surabhi Bajpai; Manish Mishra; Hemant Kumar; Kamlakar Tripathi; Santosh Kumar Singh; Rakesh Kumar Singh
Wound healing is the synchronized interplay of interaction of several cellular and biochemical components. In case of diabetes this normal course of wound healing is delayed. The mechanism behind the delayed wound healing in diabetes remains unexplored. The passage of various apoptotic and inflammatory signals via gap junctions play an important role in tissue remodeling during diabetic wound healing. In this study, we compared the expression of the following connexins (Cx) namely Cx26, Cx30.3, Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx37, Cx40, Cx43 in diabetic and non-diabetic wounds. A significant increase in the levels of Cx26, Cx30.3, Cx31, Cx31.1, Cx43 with the commencement of wound repair was observed in diabetic wounds as compared to non-diabetic wounds. In contrast, Cx37 and Cx40 were not expressed in either in diabetic or non diabetic wounds. The results of this study suggest that cellular cross talking via gap junctions is as much vital during proper wound healing, and an up regulated connexin expression might leads to improper gap junctions formation attributing to the passage of various, apoptotic and inflammatory signals thereby resulting in delayed healing of chronic diabetic ulcers.
Correction: Quantum curcumin mediated inhibition of gingipains and mixed-biofilm of Porphyromonas gingivalis causing chronic periodontitis(RSC Advances (2018) 8 (40426–40445) DOI: 10.1039/C8RA08435A)
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2019) Ashish Kumar Singh; Shivangi Yadav; Kavyanjali Sharma; Zeba Firdaus; Prerana Aditi; Kaushik Neogi; Monika Bansal; Munesh Kumar Gupta; Asheesh Shanker; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Pradyot Prakash
The authors regret the incorrect naming of the bacterial species Actinomycetemcomitans viscosus in the published article. It should be correctly shown as Actinomyces viscosus throughout, on pages 40427 (fifth line of last paragraph), 40436 (sixth line of “Individual isolates & mixed” section), 40437 (Table 2) and 40440 (Table 3). Also, the ATCC number of A. viscosus was incorrectly given as 29522 throughout the published article and should be correctly shown as 15987 in the following places: p. 40429 (“Bacterial strains and culture conditions” section and “Minimum inhibitory concentration determination” section), p. 40430 (“Determination of antibiofilm activity using tissue culture plate assay (TCP)” section), p. 40434 (“Antimicrobial assay of quantum curcumin against clinical isolates of Porphyromonas gingivalis and select reference strains” section and “Determination of minimum inhibitory concentration” section), p. 40435 (“Growth rate analysis” section), p. 40437 (Table 2), and on p. 40438 (caption to Fig. 7 (twice), caption to Fig. 8, and sixth line of “Discussion” section). An error was also present in the published article in the co-author name spelling for K. Sharma. The correct spelling of the author names is as shown here. The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.