Browsing by Author "Ram Prasad"

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Advances and future prospects of pyrethroids: Toxicity and microbial degradation
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Saurabh Singh; Arpan Mukherjee; Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira; Ram Prasad; Minaxi Sharma; Ramesh Chander Kuhad; Amritesh Chandra Shukla; Jay Prakash Verma
Pyrethroids are a class of insecticides structurally similar to that of natural pyrethrins. The application of pyrethrins in agriculture and pest control lead to many kinds of environmental pollution affecting human health and loss of soil microbial population that affect soil fertility and health. Natural pyrethrins have been used since ancient times as insect repellers, and their synthetic versions especially type 2 pyrethroids could be highly toxic to humans. PBO (Piperonyl butoxide) is known to enhance the toxicity of prallethrin in humans due to the resistance in its metabolic degradation. Pyrethroids are also known to cause plasma biochemical profile changes in humans and they also lead to the production of high levels of reactive oxygen species. Further they are also known to increase SGPT activity in humans. Due to the toxicity of pyrethrins in water bodies, soils, and food products, there is an urgent need to develop sustainable approaches to reduce their levels in the respective fields, which are eco-friendly, economically viable, and socially acceptable for on-site remediation. Keeping this in view, an attempt has been made to analyse the advances and prospects in using pyrethrins and possible technologies to control their harmful effects. The pyrethroid types, composition and biochemistry of necessary pyrethroid insecticides have been discussed in detail, in the research paper, along with their effect on insects and humans. It also covers the impact of pyrethroids on different plants and soil microbial flora. The second part deals with the microbial degradation of the pyrethroids through different modes, i.e., bioaugmentation and biostimulation. Many microbes such as Acremonium, Aspergillus, Microsphaeropsis, Westerdykella, Pseudomonas, Staphylococcus have been used in the individual form for the degradation of pyrethroids, while some of them such as Bacillus are even used in the form of consortia. © 2022 Elsevier B.V.
Applications and preparation methods of copper chromite catalysts: A review
(Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS), 2011) Ram Prasad; Pratichi Singh
In this review article various applications and preparation methods of copper chromite catalysts have been discussed. While discussing it is concluded that copper chromite is a versatile catalyst which not only catalyses numerous processes of commercial importance and national program related to defence and space research but also finds applications in the most concerned problem worldwide i.e. environmental pollution control. Several other very useful applications of copper chromite catalysts are in production of clean energy, drugs and agro chemicals, etc. Various preparation methods about 15 have been discussed which depicts clear idea about the dependence of catalytic activity and selectivity on way of preparation of catalyst. In view of the globally increasing interest towards copper chromite catalysis, reexamination on the important applications of such catalysts and their useful preparation methods is thus the need of the time. This review paper encloses 369 references including a well-conceivable tabulation of the newer state of the art. Copyright © 2011 by BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved.
Bio-fortification of minerals in crops: current scenario and future prospects for sustainable agriculture and human health
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2022) Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Ram Krishna; Gowardhan Kumar Chouhan; Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira; Avinash Bapurao Ade; Satya Prakash; Sunil Kumar Verma; Ram Prasad; Janardan Yadav; Jay Prakash Verma
Minerals are the key factor determining human beings’ optimum growth and development. The deficiencies of minerals and vitamins hinder the human normal growth and development and economic status. In the 21st century, macro and micronutrient deficiencies are significant challenges to improving the nutritional value of foods at the socio-economic level. Bio-fortification is a simple strategy to improve the nutritional value of the human diet. Several bio-fortification strategies, including traditional breeding, transgenic, agronomic, and modernized agriculture practices, were employed to biofortify crops to meet nutritional needs. However, these strategies are also lacking sustainability due to the specific crop species and micronutrients, provision of long-term monitoring and assistance, long term high cost of special chemical fertilizers, losses of crop yield due to chemical fertilizers-induced alterations of plant metabolism, environmental and health impact originating from incorporation new minerals elements like Se and Cu. Therefore, microbial bio-fortification can promote human health and agriculture sustainability. This review highlights; the phyto-availability of micronutrients (Fe, Zn, Mg, Ca, Se, I, & Cu) for human diets; availability of micronutrients value in a stable in the edible part of plants; plant uptakes of micronutrients from the soil system; & strategies of crops fortification and its importance. At present, microbial bio-fortification should be emphasized by exploring the macro and micronutrients regulatory mechanisms through plant-microbe interaction with specific soil systems and climate change. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Comprehensive journey from past to present to future about seed priming with hydrogen peroxide and hydrogen sulfide concerning drought, temperature, UV and ozone stresses- a review
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Rashmi Choudhary; Vishnu Dayal Rajput; Gajanan Ghodake; Faheem Ahmad; Mukesh Meena; Reiaz ul Rehman; Ram Prasad; Rajesh Kumar Sharma; Rachana Singh; Chandra Shekhar Seth
Background and aims: Abiotic stresses lead to drastic changes in functional and physiological anatomy in plants such as generation of reactive oxygen species, loss of photosynthetic efficiency, membrane damage etc resulting in a slower expansion and causing a significant harvest penalty. Methodologies like conventional breeding or the use of transgenics are in trend to abate stress impacts on plants, however, alternatively, the use of simple and cost-effective solutions to this problem are also popular. This review focuses on the amelioration of four chief abiotic stressors in plants with reference to priming by H2O2 and H2S. In light of this, the mechanism of resilience to abiotic stress is thoroughly elucidated from past to current scientific efforts in addition to elaborating the critical knowledge gaps and bridging those as well. There are reviews on the use of these two molecules in agronomic systems for drought, and, heat stresses, however, the present review differs in reviewing their impacts on very less addressed UV and ozone stress, including their parallel view of action in terms of similarities and dissimilarities elaborating the interconnection with other signaling molecules. Conclusion: Recently, pre-treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) has emerged as an economic, feasible, and efficient approach to abate the various abiotic stresses. H2O2 and H2S are multitasking cell signaling molecules in plants. Chemical priming with H2O2 and H2S helps in acclimation of seedlings by hardening and activating antioxidant machinery and thus, in stress tolerance to deal with numerous abiotic stress exposures like drought, temperature, UV, and ozone stress. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Correction: Salicylic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate Synergistically Ameliorate Salinity Induced Damage by Maintaining Redox Balance and Stomatal Movement in Potato (Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, (2023), 42, 8, (4652-4672), 10.1007/s00344-023-10956-7)
(Springer, 2023) Shashi Shekhar; Ayushi Mahajan; Prashasti Pandey; Meenakshi Raina; Anjana Rustagi; Ram Prasad; Deepak Kumar
In this article the wrong figure appeared as Fig. 4; the corrected Fig. 4 is given below. (Figure presented.) Effect of foliar application of salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the generation of hydrogen peroxide and free radical superoxide anion in the leaves of two potato varieties under salt stress (100 mM NaCl) and unstressed conditions. T1, 0 mM NaCl; T2, 100 mM NaCl; T3, 100 mM NaCl and 0.25 mM SA; T4, 100 mM NaCl and 50 μM MeJA; T5, 100 mM NaCl and 0.25 mM SA and 50 μM MeJA. A Histochemical detection of H2O2 and B histochemical detection of superoxide anion in the leaves of KS and KB, C Free radical superoxide anion accumulation and D H2O2 accumulation in the leaves of KS and KB shows significant reduction as compared to T2. Values represent means (± SE) (n = 3). Significant differences between T1 and T2 were determined using unpaired t-test with Welch’s correction. Significant differences between T2, T3, T4 and T5 were determined using one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparisons test; T2 was used as control. Level of significance at p < 0.05: ***p < 0.001, **p < 0.002 and *p < 0.033 © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Effect of preparation methods on Al2O3 supported CuO-CeO2-ZrO2 catalysts for CO oxidation
(Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS), 2012) Gaurav Rattan; Ram Prasad; Ramesh C. Katyal
To examine the effect of preparation methods, four catalyst samples having same composition (CuCe5.17Zr3.83Ox/g-Al2O 3 (15wt%) were prepared by four different methods for CO oxidation. The catalysts were prepared by co-impregnation, citric acid sol-gel, urea nitrate combustion and urea gelation co-precipitation methods, and characterized by BET, XRD, TGA/DSC and SEM. The air oxidation of CO was carried out in a tubular fixed bed reactor under the following operating conditions: catalyst weight of 100 mg, temperatures of ambient to 250 °C, pressure of atmospheric, 2.5% CO in air, total feed rate of 60 ml/min. It was observed that the catalytic activity greatly influenced by the preparation methods. The highest activity of the catalyst prepared by the sol gel method appeared to be associated with its largest BET surface area. All the four catalysts were active for CO oxidation and did not show deactivation of catalytic activity for 50 hours of continuous runs. The ranking order of the preparation methods of the catalyst is as follows: sol-gel < co-impregnation < urea gelation < urea nitrate combustion. © 2012 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved.
Effect of stage-specific and multi-stage drought on grain nutrient quality in rice
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Sahana Basu; Shashi Shekhar; Alok Kumar; Surbhi Kumari; Nitu Kumari; Sonal Kumari; Santosh Kumar; Ram Prasad; Gautam Kumar
Drought is a multidimensional stress that affects the grain nutritional quality of high yielding rice genotypes. The present study evaluated the impacts of stage-specific (seedling, vegetative, and reproductive stages) and cumulative (multi-stage) drought on ionome, starch, and protein contents in grains of two rice genotypes of eastern Indo-Gangetic plain, viz. Sahbhagi Dhan and IR64 with contrasting drought tolerance. The study showed drought to negatively affect the physiological and nutritional traits of rice grains. Following the study, stage-specific and multi-stage drought caused significant reduction in grain size, test weight, starch, amylose, amylopectin, and total soluble protein contents of rice grains. Drought during different developmental stages of rice caused significant variations in micro- (Cu, Fe, Mn, Na, Zn) and macro-nutrient (P, K, Ca, Mg) contents in the grains. Stage-specific and cumulative drought exposure of the rice genotypes also governed the ionomes in grains resulting in specific ionomic networks. Hierarchical cluster analysis showed two discrete clusters for elements as well as different drought treatments in the studied rice genotypes, which supported the results obtained from the principal component analysis, displaying five clusters based on stage-specific and multi-stage drought treatments. Variation in drought treatments and elements in different rice genotypes also altered the ionomic interactions represented by differential ionomic networks. In this study, Sahbhagi Dhan maintained the morphological and nutritional qualities of grains across the drought treatments and therefore, can be used as a suitable donor in breeding for stage-specific and cumulative drought tolerance with superior grain quality for eastern Indo-Gangetic plain. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Exploring the impact of membrane transporters in abiotic stress mitigation: Advances and applications in plant resilience
(Elsevier Masson s.r.l., 2025) Manoranjan Biswal; Madhurya Ray; Soumya Shephalika Dash; Subrata Goswami; Stuti Sharma; Akhilesh Kumar Singh; Prakash Kumar Sarangi; Ram Prasad
Membrane transporters (MTs) are pivotal for maintaining cellular homeostasis and facilitating the movement of ions, water, and nutrients across cellular membranes, ensuring plant growth and development. These proteins are central in regulating the source-to-sink relationship, enabling efficient sugar and nutrient transport, and ensuring resilience against abiotic stresses such as salinity, drought, heat, cold, and heavy metal toxicity. Key transporters, including Na+/H+ antiporters and K+ channels, maintain ionic balance by mediating ion compartmentalization and efflux critical for plant survival, improving nutrient use efficiency. Additionally, nitrate-responsive signaling cascades, such as the miR444-OsMADS27 module, highlight the integration of nutrient sensing and stress adaptation mechanisms, promoting root growth and stress tolerance. Dynamic lipid and protein remodeling in the plasma membrane under abiotic stress ensures membrane fluidity and integrity, enabling optimal membrane transporter function. Recent insights into the roles of anion transporters, like the chloride channel AtCLCf, strengthen their significance in salinity tolerance by regulating ion efflux. This review aims to compile current findings from major crops, emphasising membrane transporter's genetic and functional diversity. Advances in understanding membrane transporter regulation and their interplay with membrane lipidomes provide avenues to enhance stress resilience and improve crop productivity under challenging environments. © 2025 Elsevier Masson SAS
Kinetics studies of product inhibition in alcoholic fermentation
(2011) Nand Lal Singh; Ram Prasad; P.K. Mishra; Pradeep Srivastava
This paper presents inhibitory effect of ethanol on growth of cells and ethanol production. A linear fall was observed of survival (%) of Kluyveromyces Thermotolerans cells with time. Change in death rate constant of cells beyond certain range of ethanol concentration was due to shift in mechanism of cells inhibition. Pronounced inhibitory effect was observed at higher ethanol concentrations in broth. Decrease in optimum temperature for growth of cells was found with added ethanol concentration. This also confirms more inhibitory effect of product on microorganism at higher temperature. This study confirms both reversible and irreversible inhibition of cells by ethanol.
Micronutrient and redox homeostasis contribute to Moringa oleifera-regulated drought tolerance in wheat
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Sahana Basu; Amlan A. Prabhakar; Surbhi Kumari; Aabha; Ravi Ranjan Kumar; Shashi Shekhar; Krishna Prakash; Jitendra P. Singh; Gyanendra P. Singh; Ram Prasad; Gautam Kumar
Global food security is being severely affected by the rapid increase in population and drastic climate change. Drought stress is the most important limiting factor for the sustainable production of several important crops, including wheat. The gradual temperature rise and reduced precipitations are likely to cause the frequent onset of droughts around the world. Therefore, alleviation of drought stress in crop plants has become an essential requirement to meet the increasing food demand. The present study explored the role of foliar application of Moringa leaf extract (MLE) in conferring drought tolerance in wheat during the anthesis stage. A wheat genotype of Indo-Gangetic Plains (HI1544) was exposed to drought stress during the anthesis of the spikes and simultaneously foliar sprayed with MLE for 10 days. The results showed the MLE treatment to improve the concentrations of macro- (K, Ca) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Si) in flag-leaves of wheat under non-stressed conditions. Application of MLE also maintained the flag-leaf nutritional contents under drought stress. The micro-nutrients, including Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn being the co-factors of the enzymes also stimulated the antioxidant enzyme activities; eventually leading to a significant reduction in the reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde accumulations under drought stress. Furthermore, micronutrients played a crucial role in osmotic adjustment and sustainable plant growth under drought stress. Overall, the study provided insights into the functional role of micronutrients in improving drought tolerance and also indicated the potential to commercialize MLE as an effective bio-stimulant for sustainable agriculture in drought-prone regions. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
MnCo2O4 spinel catalysts synthesized by nanocasting method followed by different calcination routes for low-temperature reduction of NOx using various reductants
(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Deepak Yadav; Pratichi Singh; Ram Prasad
The present state of the art to control the vehicular NOx emissions, uses costly VWTi catalysts with urea solution as reductant, which work at higher temperature >200 °C. The present investigation is therefore, devoted to design a detailed experimental work to synthesize low cost and improved low-temperature SCR activity of MnCo2O4 catalyst by comparing preparation methods, calcination strategies and using different reductants in a wide range of temperature 50–450 °C. The catalysts were prepared by co-precipitation (CP) and nanocasting (NC) methods. For selection of the best catalyst, its precursor was calcined in stagnant air, flowing air and under reactive calcination (RC) in CO-air mixture. The SCR of NO was studied using various reductants (H2, LPG and H2-LPG) in a tubular reactor under the following conditions: 200 mg catalyst, 500 ppm NO, 8% O2, 1000 ppm LPG, 1% H2, 0.1% NH3 in Ar with a total flow rate of 100 mL/min. The inlet and outlet of the reactor were analyzed with the help of NO/NO2/NOx analyzer and gas chromatography. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, XPS, BET, SEM-EDX and FTIR. The catalyst prepared by NC method followed by RC route (Cat-R) exhibited the best NO reduction of 98.7% below 200 °C with H2-LPG-SCR. The exceptionally high activity with high N2 selectivity and good stability of Cat-R under the laboratory conditions were found. Characterization signified that the catalyst which exhibited oxygen deficient, higher surface area and the higher rate of LPG oxidation consequently have better SCR activity. © 2017 Hydrogen Energy Publications LLC
Overexpression of AtDREB1 and BcZAT12 genes confers drought tolerance by reducing oxidative stress in double transgenic tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Ram Krishna; Waquar Akhter Ansari; Durgesh Kumar Jaiswal; Achuit Kumar Singh; Ram Prasad; Jay Prakash Verma; Major Singh
Key message: Double transgenic tomato developed byAtDREB1AandBcZAT12genes pyramiding showed significant drought tolerance by reducing oxidative stress with enhanced yield. Abstract: Although a large number of efforts have been made by different researchers to develop abiotic stress tolerance tomato for improving yield using single gene, however, no reports are available which targets AtDREB1 and BcZAT12 genes together. Hence, in the present study, double transgenic plants were developed using AtDREB1 and BcZAT12 genes to improve yield potential with better drought tolerance. Double transgenic (DZ1–DZ5) tomato lines showed enhanced drought tolerance than their counterpart non-transgenic and single transgenic plants at 0, 07, 14, and 21 days of water deficit, respectively. Double transgenic plants showed increased activity of antioxidant enzymes, like catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione reductase (GR), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) and guaiacol peroxidase (POD), and accumulation of non-enzymatic antioxidants like ascorbic acid, glutathione as compared to non-transgenic and single transgenic. Additionally, the transcript analysis of antioxidant enzymes revealed the increased level of gene expression in double transgenic tomato lines. Developed double-transgenic tomato plants co-over-expressing both genes exhibited more enzymatic and non-enzymatic anti-oxidative activities as compared to the non-transgenic and single transgenic control, respectively. This is the preliminary report in tomato, which forms the basis for a multigene transgenic approach to cope with drought stress. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Rice husk ash as a renewable source for the production of value added silica gel and its application: An overview
(Masyarakat Katalis Indonesia - Indonesian Catalyst Society (MKICS), 2012) Ram Prasad; Monika Pandey
In recent years, silica gels have developed a lot of interest due to their extraordinary properties and their existing and potential applications in science and technology. Silica gel has a wide range of applications such as a desiccant, as a preservation tool to control humidity, as an adsorbent, as a catalyst and as a cata-lyst support. Silica gel is a rigid three-dimensional network of colloidal silica, and is classified as: aqua-gel, alco-gel, xero-gel and aero-gel. Out of all known solid porous materials, aero-gels are particularly known for their high specific surface area, high porosity, low bulk density, high thermal insulation value, ultra low dielectric constant and low index of refraction. Because of these extraordinary properties silica aero-gel has many commercial applications such as thermal window insulation, acoustic barriers, super-capacitors and catalytic supports. However, monolithic silica aero-gel has been used extensively in high energy physics in Cherenkov radiation detectors and in shock wave studies at high pressures, inertial confinement fusion (ICF) radio-luminescent and micrometeorites. Silica gel can be prepared by using various sol gel precursors but the rice husk (RH) is considered as the cheapest source for silica gel production. Rice husk is a waste product abundantly available in rice producing countries during milling of rice. This review article aims at summarizing the developments carried out so far in synthesis, properties, characterization and method of determination of silica, silica gel, silica aero-gel and silica xero-gel. The effect of synthesis parameters such as pH, temperature of burning the rice husk, acid leaching prior to formation of rice husk ash (RHA) on the properties of final product are also described. The attention is also paid on the application of RH, RHA, sil-ica, silica aero-gel and silica xero-gel. Development of economically viable processes for getting rice husk silica with specific properties assumes importance at this juncture. © 2012 BCREC UNDIP. All rights reserved.
Salicylic Acid and Methyl Jasmonate Synergistically Ameliorate Salinity Induced Damage by Maintaining Redox Balance and Stomatal Movement in Potato
(Springer, 2023) Shashi Shekhar; Ayushi Mahajan; Prashasti Pandey; Meenakshi Raina; Anjana Rustagi; Ram Prasad; Deepak Kumar
Susceptibility of plants to salinity stress is a looming threat to crop productivity worldwide, thereby warranting the strategies to counter stress. We investigated the effects of combined foliar treatment with salicylic acid (SA) and methyl jasmonate (MeJA) on the growth and development of two elite varieties of potato under salinity stress. The salinity stress manifested membrane damage, electrolyte leakage, and production of H2O2 and free radical superoxide anion. Application of SA or MeJA individually could not significantly improve the performance of potato plants exposed to salinity stress. However, treatment with combinations of SA and MeJA synergistically mitigated the adverse effects of salinity, as reflected by reduced membrane damage and electrolyte leakage and lower accumulation of H2O2 and free radical superoxide anion. Moreover, plants treated with the combination treatment had higher relative water content and redox pools of ascorbate and glutathione under salinity stress. The treatment promoted the accumulation of K+ and lowered the Na+ content. SA and MeJA synergistically enhanced the activities of the antioxidant enzymes in the Halliwell-Asada pathway and modulated the photosynthetic and transpiration rates. Overall, our results indicate that the combined foliar treatments with SA and MeJA have positive effects on the growth, development, and yield of potato through maintenance of ion homeostasis and photosynthetic traits. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Techno-economical evaluation and life cycle assessment of microbial electrochemical systems: A review
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Nishit Savla; Suman; Soumya Pandit; Jay Prakash Verma; Abhishek Kumar Awasthi; Siva Sankar Sana; Ram Prasad
In the last two decade, there is extensive research carried out for improving the microbial electrochemical systems (MES) performance in terms of both wastewater treatment and product generation along with its upscaling for industrial application. During the scale-up of these technologies, various economic problems regarding process feasibility have been investigated. This economic feasibility needs to be valued in terms of efficiency and environmental sustainability, because of which these technologies have been studied in the first place. A systematic review was conducted highlighting both parameters, i.e., the economics and environmental sustainability in the form of techno-economic assessment of these systems and also showing a comparative study between microbial fuel cells, microbial electrolysis cells, microbial electrosynthesis cells, and microbial desalination cells, against the conventional technologies on the basis on these parameters. Based on the study, the conventional technologies require less operational and maintenance cost but also less environmentally sustainable in comparison to these MES. The most common tool for the assessment of the environmental performance of a process or product is the life cycle analysis. This article summarizes the techno-economic assessment of microbial fuel cells, Microbial electrolysis cells, microbial electrosynthesis cells, and microbial desalination cells. This article concludes that further research is required in terms of scale-up and reducing the overall costs of these MES for efficiently incorporating for practical usage. © 2021 The Authors