Browsing by Author "Royana Singh"

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A large Indian family with rearrangement of chromosome 4p16 and 3p26.3 and divergent clinical presentations
(BioMed Central Ltd., 2015) Thomas Iype; Vafa Alakbarzade; Mary Iype; Royana Singh; Ajith Sreekantan-Nair; Barry A. Chioza; Tribhuvan M. Mohapatra; Emma L. Baple; Michael A. Patton; Thomas T. Warner; Christos Proukakis; Abhi Kulkarni; Andrew H. Crosby
Background: The deletion of the chromosome 4p16.3 Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome critical region (WHSCR-2) typically results in a characteristic facial appearance, varying intellectual disability, stereotypies and prenatal onset of growth retardation, while gains of the same chromosomal region result in a more variable degree of intellectual deficit and dysmorphism. Similarly the phenotype of individuals with terminal deletions of distal chromosome 3p (3p deletion syndrome) varies from mild to severe intellectual deficit, micro- and trigonocephaly, and a distinct facial appearance. Methods and results: We investigated a large Indian five-generation pedigree with ten affected family members in which chromosomal microarray and fluorescence in situ hybridization analyses disclosed a complex rearrangement involving chromosomal subregions 4p16.1 and 3p26.3 resulting in a 4p16.1 deletion and 3p26.3 microduplication in three individuals, and a 4p16.1 duplication and 3p26.3 microdeletion in seven individuals. A typical clinical presentation of WHS was observed in all three cases with 4p16.1 deletion and 3p26.3 microduplication. Individuals with a 4p16.1 duplication and 3p26.3 microdeletion demonstrated a range of clinical features including typical 3p microdeletion or 4p partial trisomy syndrome to more severe neurodevelopmental delay with distinct dysmorphic features. Conclusion: We present the largest pedigree with complex t(4p;3p) chromosomal rearrangements and diverse clinical outcomes including Wolf Hirschorn-, 3p deletion-, and 4p duplication syndrome amongst affected individuals. © 2015 Iype et al.
A prospective pilot study on serum cleaved tau protein as a neurological marker in severe traumatic brain injury
(Taylor and Francis Ltd, 2017) Sharad Pandey; Kulwant Singh; Vivek Sharma; Deepa Pandey; Ravi Prakash Jha; Sunil Kumar Rai; Richa Singh Chauhan; Royana Singh
Objective: Neurotrauma has been labelled as a “silent epidemic” affecting both the developed and the developing nations. To date, no single brain-specific biomarker has been unanimously accepted for routine clinical use in TBI. Our study aims to determine the correlation of “cleaved-tau protein” in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) with Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at the time of admission, mode of injury, CT findings and outcome at discharge. Methods: The study has been approved by the institutional ethical committee. 40 cases with severe TBI and 40 randomly selected healthy controls were included in this prospective study. Venous blood samples were collected and serum cleaved tau protein levels were measured and correlated with gender, mode of injury, CT findings GCS score and GOS score at discharge. Results: In the severe TBI group, the mean serum cleaved tau protein levels in males were 91.65 ± 41.34 pg/ml (mean ± S.D.), and females were 104.43 ± 53.08 pg/ml (mean ± S.D.), (p = 0.27). Mean serum C-tau level in study group was 95.48 ± 44.87 pg/ml (range 36.44-192.34), 95% C.I. (81.13–109.83) and in controls was 33.82 ± 13.65 pg/ml (range 2.48–66.54), 95% C.I. (29.46–38.19) (p < 0.001). The distribution of serum C-tau was in severe TBI group varied in all categories of GCS at 0th day (p < 0.001). Serum cleaved tau protein levels in the good outcome group were 74.26 ± 25.43 pg/ml (mean ± S.D.), range 36.44–144.54, 95% C.I. (63.52-85.00) and the poor-outcome group were 127.32 ± 49.40 pg/ml, range 66.65–192.34, 95% C.I. (100.99-153.64) (p = 0.001). Conclusion: In severe TBI, serum cleaved tau protein levels were significantly higher as compared to the controls in this prospective study. However, results of this study are preliminary in nature and there is a need to undertake larger prospective studies to reach a definitive conclusion. © 2017 The Neurosurgical Foundation.
Assessment of depression anxiety and stress levels among patients with epilepsy in a case control study
(Discover, 2025) Shani Vishwakarma; Abhishek Pathak; Anil Kumar Maurya; Nitish Kumar Singh; Ashish Ashish; Royana Singh
Introduction: People with epilepsy frequently experience depression, anxiety, and stress, which can significantly impact their quality of life and overall well-being. This study aimed to identify psychiatric comorbidities in individuals with epilepsy by assessing their prevalence and comparing them with a healthy control group. Methodology: This case-control study was conducted in the department of Anatomy, and patients were recruited from the Out-Patient Department of Neurology, from August 2022 to February 2024. The total number of participants was 388, including 194 Cases. 194 healthy controls were matched for age and sex, with participants under the age of 18 excluded. Psychiatric comorbidity was evaluated using standardized assessment tools and analyzed with Chi-square and one-way ANOVA. Results: The study involved 194 patients and 194 healthy controls, with a mean age of 25.11 ± 10.28 years. Among the patients, 58.2% were female and 41.8% were male. A significant difference in depression levels was found between patients on monotherapy and polytherapy (p = 0.003). However, no significant differences were found in anxiety (p = 0.214) and stress (p = 0.139). There are no significant links between depression, anxiety, stress and antiepileptic drugs. Patients with epilepsy exhibited significantly higher levels of depression, anxiety, and stress compared to healthy controls, with a statistical significance of p = 0.001. Conclusion: The study highlights the elevated levels of depression, anxiety, and stress among patients with epilepsy. Clinicians and healthcare practitioners should adopt comprehensive and holistic assessment methods to address and mitigate these psychiatric comorbidities in epilepsy patients. © The Author(s) 2025.
Assessment of genetic and environmental risk factor association with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis diseases
(Science and Engineering Research Support Society, 2020) Nitish Kumar Singh; Abhay Kumar Yadav; Manpreet Kaur; Ashish; Royana Singh
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a type of progressive neurodegenerative disease of motor neurons, resulting in a worsening weakness of voluntary muscles until death from respiratory failure occurs after about 3 to 5 years. Although highly significant mobility have been made in our understanding of the genetic causes of ALS, the contribution of environmental factors has been more challenging to assess. Extensive studies of the clinical patterns of ALS, individual family histories preceding the onset of ALS, and the rates of ALS in different populations and groups have led to improved patient care, but have not yet revealed a replicable, definitive environmental risk factor. In this review, we outline what is currently known of the environmental and genetic epidemiology of ALS, describe the current state of the art concerning the different types of ALS, and explore whether ALS should be considered a single disease or a syndrome. We examine the relationship between genetic and environmental risk factors and propose a disease model in which ALS is considered to be the result of environmental risks and time acting on a pre-existing genetic load, followed by an automatic, self-perpetuating decline to death. ⓒ 2019 SERSC.
Association between the MTHFR (rs1801133) gene variation and serum trace elements levels (Copper and Zinc) in individuals diagnosed with neural tube defects
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Nitish Kumar Singh; Sarita Choudhary; Sangeeta Rai; Abhay Kumar Yadav; Royana Singh
Background and Aims: Neural tube defects (NTDs) occur when the neural tube fails to close within 28 days of human embryonic development. This results in central nervous system disorders like anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to minimize their impact on an individual's health and well-being. The present study aims to define the association between prenatal exposure to trace elements (Cu and Zn) and the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) of the MTHFR gene involved in folate metabolism pathways in neural tube defects in children and their mothers. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study involving 331 participants (90 NTD cases, 88 healthy mothers, 85 NTD children, and 68 healthy children) from antenatal check-ups in Obstetrics and Gynaecology and Pediatric Surgery for Neural Tube Defects in the Outpatient Department (OPD) and Inpatient Department (IPD). Assessed Cu and Zn concentrations and their associations. Genomic DNA was extracted, and real-time PCR was used to determine genotypes. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry measured trace elements. Statistical analyses included Chi-Square tests, odds ratios, and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: Significant associations were found between MTHFR C677T genotypes and NTD risk in mothers (p = 0.0491) and children (p = 0.0297). Allelic frequency analysis indicated a T allele association with NTD risk in children (p = 0.0107). Recessive models showed significant associations in mothers (p = 0.0169) and children (p = 0.1678). Cu levels differed significantly between NTD cases and controls (p < 0.0001), with MTHFR genotypes influencing Cu levels. Zinc levels also varied significantly (p < 0.0001). Conclusion: This study reveals complex associations between MTHFR C677T genotypes, trace element concentrations, and NTD risk in mothers and children. This targeted approach allows healthcare providers to identify at-risk pregnancies early, enabling personalised interventions like folic acid supplementation and counselling to moderate neural tube defect (NTD) risk in a future pregnancy. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.
Association of TCF7L2 gene variant with T2DM, T1DM and gestational diabetes in the population of Northeastern UP, India
(Springer India, 2016) Santosh K. Yadav; Rashmi; K.K. Tripathi; Royana Singh
The non-coding variant (rs7903146) for transcription factor 7-like 2 gene (TCF7L2) is known to be associated with increased risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but this variant is also associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The association of TCF7L2 variant rs7903146 was confirmed in the Indian and European population for T2DM. We investigated whether TCF7L2 variant rs7903146 is associated with T1DM, T2DM and GDM in Uttar Pradesh population. Three hundred thirty-three patients were genotyped having T2DM, 175 patients with T1DM and 102 gestational GDM and 487 healthy controls. The rs7903146 polymorphism was genotyped using the PCR-based RFLP method. The heterozygous CT genotype of rs7903146 had a 0.0437-fold increased risk in T2DM [OR (95 % CI) 0.0437 (0.0059–0.3213), p < 0.00001] and a 0.0081-fold increased risk in T1DM [OR (95 % CI) 0.0131 (0.0011–0.0589), p < 0.00001] in comparison to control. The frequency of CT genotype was significantly higher in T2DM than in controls (10.51 vs. 0.62 %) with an OR of 0.0528 (95 % CI 0.0182–0.0189, p < 0.0001). The frequency of the CT genotype was significantly higher in T1DM than in controls (38.86 vs. 0.62 %) with OR of 0.0098 (95 % CI 0.0051–0.0497, p < 0.0001). The frequency of CT genotype in T1DM was more than in T2DM. No association was observed in GDM. The study proved that the rs7903146 variant of the TCF7L2 gene is associated with T2DM and T1DM but not GDM in the North Indian population of Uttar Pradesh. © 2016, Research Society for Study of Diabetes in India.
Ayurvedic medicines in alleviating the symptoms of SARS-CoV-2 omicron variant in North Indian population: A regional genomic study
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2023) Konduru Rama Chandra Reddy; Chetan Sahni; Royana Singh; Hari Chandana; Rohit Sharma
[No abstract available]
Clinical exome sequencing (carrier screening) identifies the gene INPPL1 in a sporadic case of opsismodysplasia
(Rzeszow University Press, 2025) Ashish Ashish; Shivani Mishra; Royana Singh; Sangeeta Rai
Introduction and aim. This study presents a case of opsismodysplasia in a family, characterized by skeletal dysplasia and neurological complications in two consecutive neonates. Description of the case. Genetic analysis revealed that the father carries a likely benign/variant of uncertain significance (VUS) in exon 14 of the INPPL1 gene (c.1706C>T, p.Thr569Met), while the mother carries a pathogenic variant in exon 15 (c.1809del, p.Trp604GlyfsTer17). These variants follow an autosomal recessive inheritance, confirming carrier status. Additionally, the father is a carrier of a likely pathogenic variant in the CYP17A1 gene (OMIM*609300), specifically in exon 6 (c.1040G>A, p.Arg347His, heterozygous), affecting 17,20-lyase activity and associated with isolated 17,20-lyase deficiency. Targeted sequencing and Sanger validation elucidated the genetic basis of the condition, emphasizing the importance of genetic testing and counselling in families with a history of genetic disorders. The detected variants in the INPPL1 gene disrupt SHIP2 protein function, contributing to the observed abnormalities. Conclusion. This study underscores the significance of early genetic diagnosis for reproductive counselling and timely intervention. Further research into opsismodysplasia’s genetic mechanisms may lead to improved management and therapies for affected individuals. Overall, this case highlights the critical role of genetic analysis in diagnosing and managing rare genetic disorders, offering insights into personalized care and family planning. © 2025 Publishing Office of the University of Rzeszow. All rights reserved.
Comparative study of phenotypic and genotypic expression of virulence factors in colonizing and pathogenic carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB)
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2025) Swati Sharma; Kamal Singh; Ashish Chaurasiya; Banerjee Tuhina; Royana Singh; Ghanshyam Yadav; Ashok Kumar
Abstract: Carbapenem resistant Acinetobacter baumannii has evolved as the most troublesome microorganism with multiple virulence factors. Biofilm formation, porins, micronutrient capturing mechanism and quorum sensing, provide protection against desiccation, host-pathogen killing and enhance its persistence. The conservation of these factors between colonizing and pathogenic carbapenem resistant A. baumannii has been barely investigated. We studied biofilm formation, desiccation survival, motility and hemolysis in pathogenic carbapenem resistant A. baumannii and colonizer carbapenem resistant A. baumannii from the hospital environment. The virulent genes pgaA, csuE, bap, ompA, abaI, pilA and bauA were detected by simplex-PCR and Quantitative Real-Time PCR was done for expressional studies. In-vivo survival percentage was studied by Galleria mellonella (wax moth) killing assay. Phenotypic characterization revealed that the biofilm formation and desiccation survival proportion was significantly higher in colonizer carbapenem resistant A. baumannii (p < 0.05). Twitching motility was found comparable (mean 0.5 to 1.5 cm). Surface associated motility varied widely. None showed hemolysis. The csuE, bap, ompA, abaI, pilA and bauA genes were detected in almost all the pathogenic and colonizer carbapenem resistant A. baumannii isolates while none harboured pgaA gene. The expression of bap, ompA and bauA gene was found significantly higher in pathogenic carbapenem resistant A. baumannii while expression of csuE and abaI gene was comparable in both. Overexpression of pilA gene was seen in those with higher surface associated motility. Pathogenic carbapenem resistant A. baumannii showed significantly higher pathogenicity in-vivo, as 100% of larvae died on 4th day post-infection. In conclusion high level expression of outer membrane proteins (ompA) and siderophores is significantly associated with the pathogenicity in carbapenem resistant A. baumannii isolated from infections, which can be a differentiating point from the colonizers. Clinical Trial: Not Applicable © The Author(s) 2024.
Copy number variation of LINGO1 in familial dystonic tremor
(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2019) Vafa Alakbarzade; Thomas Iype; Barry A. Chioza; Royana Singh; Gaurav V. Harlalka; Holly Hardy; Ajith Sreekantan-Nair; Christos Proukakis; Kathryn Peall; Lorraine N. Clark; Richard Caswell; Hana Lango Allen; Matthew Wakeling; John K. Chilton; Emma L. Baple; Elan D. Louis; Thomas T. Warner; Andrew H. Crosby
Objective To elucidate the genetic cause of a large 5 generation South Indian family with multiple individuals with predominantly an upper limb postural tremor and posturing in keeping with another form of tremor, namely, dystonic tremor. Methods Whole-genome single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis was undertaken to look for copy number variants in the affected individuals. Results Whole-genome SNP microarray studies identified a tandem duplicated genomic segment of chromosome 15q24 present in all affected family members. Whole-genome sequencing demonstrated that it comprised a ∼550-kb tandem duplication encompassing the entire LINGO1 gene. Conclusions The identification of a genomic duplication as the likely molecular cause of this condition, resulting in an additional LINGO1 gene copy in affected cases, adds further support for a causal role of this gene in tremor disorders and implicates increased expression levels of LINGO1 as a potential pathogenic mechanism. © American Academy of Neurology.
COVID-19: Impact on linguistic and genetic isolates of India
(Springer Nature, 2022) Prajjval Pratap Singh; Prashanth Suravajhala; Chandana Basu Mallick; Rakesh Tamang; Ashutosh Kumar Rai; Pratheusa Machha; Royana Singh; Abhishek Pathak; Vijay Nath Mishra; Pankaj Shrivastava; Keshav K. Singh; Kumarasamy Thangaraj; Gyaneshwer Chaubey
The rapid expansion of coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has impacted various ethnic groups all over the world. The burden of infectious diseases including COVID-19 are generally reported to be higher for the Indigenous people. The historical knowledge have also suggested that the indigenous populations suffer more than the general populations in the pandemic. Recently, it has been reported that the indigenous groups of Brazil have been massively affected by COVID-19. Series of studies have shown that many of the indigenous communities reached at the verge of extinction due to this pandemic. Importantly, South Asia also has several indigenous and smaller communities, that are living in isolation. Till date, despite the two consecutive waves in India, there is no report on the impact of COVID-19 for indigenous tribes. Since smaller populations experiencing drift may have greater risk of such pandemic, we have analysed Runs of Homozygosity (ROH) among South Asian populations and identified several populations with longer homozygous segments. The longer runs of homozygosity at certain genomic regions may increases the susceptibility for COVID-19. Thus, we suggest extreme careful management of this pandemic among isolated populations of South Asia. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.
Cytokine profiles and metabolic dysregulation in endometriosis: insights into diagnostic and therapeutic targets
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2025) Ashish Ashish; Sangeeta Rai; Shivani Mishra; Anil Kumar Maurya; Abhay Kumar Yadav; Shani Vishwakarma; Royana Singh
Introduction: Endometriosis is a chronic inflammatory disorder marked by the ectopic growth of endometrial-like tissue, affecting 10–15% of women of reproductive age. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) drive inflammation and disease progression, while anti-inflammatory cytokines (TGF-β, IL-10) maintain immune balance. Metabolic markers like homocysteine, folic acid, and vitamin B12 may influence immune regulation and contribute to endometriosis pathophysiology. Methodology: Serum levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, TGF-β, CRP, Ferritin, IL-4, IFN-γ, Homocysteine, Folic Acid, and Vitamin B12 were quantified using ELISA kits. Unpaired t-tests and Pearson correlation were used to assess immune-metabolic differences between endometriosis patients and healthy controls. Results: TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10, homocysteine, ferritin, and reduced IFN-γ and CRP levels in the case group compared to controls (p < 0.05). TNFα (p = 0.0008), IL-1β (p = 0.0005), and homocysteine (p < 0.0001) were notably higher in cases. IFN-γ (p < 0.0001) and CRP (p < 0.0001) were significantly lower in cases. IL-6 (p = 0.0020), IL-10 (p = 0.0051), ferritin (p = 0.0338), and folate (p = 0.0134) also showed significant differences. TGF-β, IL-4, and Vit-B12 levels did not differ significantly (p > 0.05). These findings suggest altered cytokine and biochemical profiles in disease pathophysiology. Conclusion: The study highlights significant alterations in inflammatory cytokines and metabolic markers in endometriosis patients compared to healthy controls. Elevated pro-inflammatory and altered anti-inflammatory cytokine levels, along with metabolic imbalance, suggest immune-metabolic dysregulation in disease pathogenesis. These findings may aid in identifying potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets for endometriosis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.
Diacerein protects against iodoacetate-induced osteoarthritis in the femorotibial joints of rats
(Nanjing Medical University, 2015) Achint Jain; Royana Singh; Saurabh Singh; Sanjay Singh
The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of diacerein on the histopathology of articular cartilage and subchondral bone of the femorotibial joint in rats. Osteoarthritis was induced in rats after single intra-articular injection of sodium iodoacetate. Rats were sacrificed 1, 2, 4, and 8 weeks post intra-articular injection to evaluate the progression of histopathogenesis of osteoarthritis. Diacerein was orally administered (15 mg/kg) once daily post 1 and 2 weeks of iodoacetate injection in two groups, respectively, for up to 12 weeks. Articular cartilage and subchondral bone of the rats of both groups were examined after 8 and 12 weeks, respectively. Quantitative histological analyses were performed by scoring these sections as per the OARSI system. Chondroitin sulfate was also estimated in articular cartilage by decrease in absorbance of methylene blue on complexation with chondroitin sulfate using a spectrophotometer. Intra-articular injection of iodoacetate induced loss of articular cartilage with progressive subchondral bone sclerosis and degeneration. Based on histopathological and biochemical findings, diacerein treatment showed chondroprotective effect. Furthermore, the chondroprotective effect of diacerein was found to be more pronounced after 12 weeks as compared to 8 weeks in both cases (i.e., post 1 and 2 weeks of iodoacetate injection). Similar results were observed by investigation of chondroitin sulfate during biochemical study, showing the chondroprotective effect. In conclusion, diacerein exhibits chondroprotective effect in rats with late onset of action. © 2015 by the Journal of Biomedical Research.
Effect of maternal administration of Trichloroacetic Acid (TCA) on fetal ovary rats
(2005) Royana Singh
Trichloroacetic acid (TCA) is one of the most common contaminants found in water which is formed as a disinfection by-product following chlorination of drinking water supply. It is also a major metabolite of trichloroethyiene and tetrachloroethylene. In order to understand the effect of TCA on the development of ovary of Charles foster rat, TCA in the form of sodium trichloroacetate, at neutral pH, was administered to the pregnant female rats. The dose being 1000, 1200, 1400, 1600, or 1800 mg/kg body weight /day by oral gavages during the period of organogenesis, i.e., from days 6 to 15 of gestation. The controls were given the solvent. Live fetuses were examined for gross as well as histological malformations after maternal sacrifice on day 19 of gestation. Resorption rate was found to be increased with the increased dose of TCA, as high as 92.15% with 1800 mg/kg dose. The mean weight of the ovary exhibited a dose-related reduction. Histopathological examination revealed denudation of the surface coelomic epithelium of the fetal ovary, enhancement of apoptosis of oocytes leading to increased mesenchymal tissue and increased "clear areas", with the reduction in the numbers of the oocytes compared to controls , with the sub sequel lying in the reduction in the size and weight of the ovary.
Effect of tocopheryl acetate on maternal cigarette smoke exposed Swiss albino mice inbred fetus
(Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research, 2016) Janardan Chaudhary; Royana Singh; S.N. Shamal; K. Supriya; Mona Srivastava; R.S. More
Introduction: Cigarette smoking is worldwide problem which can be correlated with teratogenicity. Tocopheryl acetate plays as an antioxidant against the oxidative stress evolved by cigarette smoke exposure during pregnancy. Aim: To study the effect of maternal exposure to cigarette smoke and Tocopheryl acetate on fetuses of mice. Materials and Methods: Pregnant mice randomly assigned to different groups (Group I (control), Group II (Tocopheryl acetate), Group III(soyabean oil used as vehicle for Tocopheryl acetate), Group IV (Cigarette smoke Exposed), Group V (Cigarette smoke exposed plus Tocopheryl acetate) and Group VI(Cigarette smoke exposed plus soyabean oil) were exposed to cigarette smoke 3 times a day for 20 minutes each time and Tocopheryl acetate with dose of 200mg/kg/day in 0.3ml of soyabean oil as vehicle orally through oral gavage from the 5th day of gestation to 15th day. Results: Cigarette smoke exposed mice showed significant fetal weight loss, resorption, placental anomalies, severe growth retardation, venous congestion, haemorrhage, limbs defects and enphalocele. Negligible abnormalities were seen among the control and Tocopheryl acetate group. Cigarette smoke exposed group with Tocopheryl acetate exhibited weight gain among the fetus as well as no gross abnormalities. The oxidative stress was significantly increased by increasing Malondialdehyde (MDA) 293±81.57 μmol/mg (p<0.0001) and decreasing Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) 1.43 ± 0.23mg/ml, (p<0.0001) Reduced Glutathione (GR) 0.017±0.002mg/ml, (p<0.01) and Catalase (CAT) 0.248±0.005mg/ml, (p<0.0001). Tocopheryl acetate induced group significantly maintained the oxidative stress with all p <0.0001. Conclusion: It can be concluded that Tocopheryl acetate may have an ameliorating effect on the cigarette smoke during pregnancy on fetus. © 2016, Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. All rights reserved.
Effects of SARS-Cov-2 infection and rhino-orbital mucormycosis on concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers in Indian populations
(IP Innovative Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2022) Ajay Kumar Yadav; Shivam Tiwari; Bhupendra Kumar; Abhay Kumar Yadav; Ashish Ashish; Nitish Kumar Singh; Manpreet Kaur; Shivani Mishra; Shani Vishwakarma; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Rajendra Prakash Maurya; Nargis Khanam; Pooja Dubey; Janhavi Yadav; Royana Singh; Sayeed Mehbub Ul Kadir
Rhino-orbital mucormycosis is a rare life threatening invasive fungal infection that has recently shown a very high mortality rate in India during COVID-19 pandemic. We have designed the present study to find out associations between COVID-19 induced rhino-orbital mucormycosis and concentrations of inflammatory markers, i.e. D-dimer, Ferritin, IL-6, CRP and PCT, in blood serum of Indian population. There were four groups in the study, viz. control group with healthy subjects, treatment group-1 with patients suffering from SARS-COV-2 infection, treatment group-2 with patients suffering from both SARS-COV-2 infection and rhino-orbital mucormycosis, and treatment group-3 with patients suffering from rhino-orbital mucormycosis after SARS-COV-2 infection recovery. Inflammatory markers were quantified with standard protocols, and recorded data were subjected to statistical analyses. We found that patients suffering from SARS-COV-2 infection were more susceptible to rhino-orbital mucormycosis, as they had higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in their blood than the other subjects. Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases and renal disorders were the associated comorbidities with the patients. We also found higher concentrations of inflammatory markers in males than the females, indicating towards their higher susceptibility in developing rhino-orbital mucormycosis than females. Present study therefore suggests that the frequent occurrence of rhino-orbital mucormycosis in India during second wave of COVID-19 was possibly due to indiscriminate use of corticosteroids by COVID-19 patients. Subjects with previous history of comorbidities like diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiovascular disorders and renal diseases are the most susceptible population groups for developing infection. Moreover, males are at higher risk of developing mucormycosis than the females. © 2022 Innovative Publication, All rights reserved.
Estimation of stature by direct and indirect length of distal phalanx of thumb
(Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, 2018) More Raghunath; Royana Singh
Identification of person is one of the important aspect of forensic investigation. Many researchers were conducted studies for stature estimation from anthropometric measurements of different parts of body, however in available literature very few studies conducted on direct and indirect thumb measurements for the individual’s stature estimation. Therefore attempt was to estimate stature of an individual in medicolegal cases where only finger prints and palm prints are available for analysis. The study was carried out 200 subjects. Measurements of distal phalanx of thumb directly with vernier e caliper and indirectly by thumb print measurements were taken independently Stature of each individual was also recorded. These parameters were tabulated and analyzed. Males show higher mean values in each anthropometric dimension than females. The bilateral variation was insignificant for all the measurements. Linear regression equations for stature estimation were calculated and checked for their accuracy by comparing the estimated stature and actual stature. © 2018, Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology. All rights reserved.
Experimental study of disciplined regular diet on diseases of Purishvaha srotas in mice
(International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy, 2014) Amol B. Jadhav; K.N. Singh; Royana Singh
By considering the beneficial references concerning with disciplined diet which are mentioned in Ayurveda viz, in Charak Samhita, Sushruta Samhita, Yogaratnakara and Sharandhara Samhita and also about the laboratory approved diet for animals, three diets were formulated which are convenient for animals, which are as follows, Diet-1: Lab approved diet, content of 10 kg mixture which includes, Wheat flour: 6 kg, Maize flour: 3 kg, Fibre husk: 500 g, Sugar: 500 g, Salt: 100 g, Mineral powder (Agrimin forte, Galaxo, India.): 1000 g. Diet-2: Sarvarasahara (Disciplined regular diet mentioned in Ayurveda), which contains, Vilepi: It is a form of paste or homogeneous mixture of nutrient flours of Yava (malt), Shalishashtika (old rice), Tuvar dal (pigeon pea), Msoora (Lentil) spiced or zest with Ghrita, Saindhava (Rock salt), Jira (Cuminum cyminum), Ardraka (ginger) and garnished with fresh leaves of Dhanyaka (coriander), Rasayana: It is a sort of best tonic mentioned in Ayurveda i.e. the mixture of Ghrita and Godugdha (cow's milk) and Diet-3: Ekarasahara (continuous use of same diet). Histological changes were observed after 15 days of stoppage of medicine which are taken as causative factors for inducing the symptoms coated into Pureeshvaha Srotodushti lakshana, mainly constipation and diarrhoea. It was observed that Group- II and Group- III showed large ulcers some superficial as well deep reaching the muscular layer, infiltration of neutrophil was more in comparison to Group- IV and V, blunting of the villi as well as loss of villi compared than Group- IV and Group- V respectively. Thus, it can be suggested that maintenance of the disciplined diet as mentioned in "Charak Samhita" facilitates better healing to the intestinal mucosa injury induced both in constipation as well as in diarrhoea.
Exploring the multifaceted links between comorbidities and cognitive aging
(Elsevier, 2025) Ashish Ashish; Nitish Kumar Singh; Anil Kumar Maurya; Shivani Mishra; Royana Singh
Cognitive aging is a multifactorial process influenced by various physiological, psychological, pathological, and genetic factors. Comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, hypertension, depression, drug addiction, family, and social environment, which are prevalent in the elderly population, have been implicated in accelerating cognitive decline. Understanding these associations is crucial for developing targeted interventions. This chapter provides a thorough review of existing literature, synthesizing data from gerontology, neurology, and psychiatry to examine the impact of comorbidities on cognitive functions. The findings highlight that cardiovascular diseases and diabetes are strongly associated with an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. Hypertension contributes to vascular dementia through mechanisms involving reduced cerebral blood flow and white matter lesions. Depression, both a risk factor and a consequence of cognitive decline, is linked to shared pathophysiological pathways such as chronic inflammation and neuroendocrine dysregulation. The chapter emphasizes the bidirectional nature of these relationships, underscoring the need for holistic approaches in managing comorbidities to mitigate their impact on cognitive health. Potential mechanisms, including oxidative stress, inflammation, and vascular changes, are explored, and the role of genetic predispositions and lifestyle factors in moderating these effects is considered. Addressing comorbid conditions through integrated healthcare strategies is essential for preserving cognitive functions in aging populations. Future research should focus on personalized medicine approaches and the exploration of novel therapeutic targets to prevent or delay cognitive decline. However, the chapter’s limitations include the lack of standardized methodologies across studies and the need for further exploration into the molecular mechanisms involved. © 2026 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved..
Genetic Analysis of Jervel and Lange Nielsen Syndrome with a Novel Mutation in KCNQ1 Gene
(Springer India, 2016) Ankur Singh; Rajniti Prasad; Royana Singh; Seema Kapoor; Zahurul A. Bhuiyan; Om Prakash Mishra
[No abstract available]