Browsing by Author "S. Hemalatha"

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Anti-inflammatory activity of an alkaloid from Solanum trilobatum on acute and chronic inflammation models
(2011) A. Pandurangan; R.L. Khosa; S. Hemalatha
The solasodine isolated from Solanum trilobatum has been examined for possible anti-inflammatory activity in acute and chronic inflammatory animal models. Solasodine (5, 30 and 75mgkg -1) exerted statistically significant and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity in carrageenaninduced rat paw oedema, which was similar to that of indomethacin (10mgkg -1), a known anti-inflammatory agent. At the dose of 75mgkg -1, solasodine inhibited the arachidonic acid-elicited rat paw oedema 1 h after arachidonic acid challenge. Topical application of solasodine significantly inhibited the ear inflammation induced by multiple applications of tetradecanoyl-phorbol 13-acetate. It also suppressed the volume of exudates, total leucocytes and amount of neutrophil migration into the rat pleural cavity. Administration of solasodine at a dose of 75mgkg -1 significantly inhibited the adjuvant-induced rat paw oedema. These results suggest that solasodine exerts anti-inflammatory activity, at least partly through the inhibition of cyclooxygenase and 5-lipoxygenase pathways. © 2011 Taylor & Francis.
Anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of roots of Ichnocarpus frutescens
(2008) A. Pandurangan; R.L. Khosa; S. Hemalatha
The effect of methanolic extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens (MEIF) was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory activity by using on carrageenan, and cotton pellet induced granuloma tests for its effect on acute and chronic phase inflammation models in rats, as well as analgesic activity in mice. Dose of 300 mg/kg MEIF and Indomethacin could block the writhing response by 57.54 % and 73.73 % (p<0.05), respectively. It was also indicated that the MEIF showed significant (p < 0.05) antinociceptive action in hot plate reaction time method in mice. Maximum inhibition (54.63 %) was obtained at the dose of 100 mglkg after 3 h of drug treatment in carrageenan induced paw oeddma, whereas indomethacin produced 57.65 % of inhibition. In the chronic model the MEIF 300 mg/kg, indomethacin and dexamethasone standard drug showed decreased formation of granuloma tissue by 22.64, 29.63 % and 34.84 % respectively. The results indicate the potent analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects significant (p<0.05) and therapeutic efficacy of Ichnocarpus frutescens extract on animal models which are comparable with those of standard drugs such as Pentazocine, Indomethacin and Dexamethasone respectively.
Antinociceptive, anti inflammatory and antiarthritic activity of ethanol root extract and fraction of Aganosma dichotoma (Roth) K. Schum
(National Institute of Science Communication, 2018) Deepali Pandey; Apurva Joshi; Shardendu Mishra; Krisnamurthy Sairam; S. Hemalatha
Aganosma dichotoma (Roth) K. Schum, locally called Malati, has been traditionally used in the treatment of pain and inflammation in Ayurvedic system of medicine. In the present study, We investigated its antiarthritic potential. Qualitative and quantitative study through HPTLC was done in ethanolic root extract (EAD), petroleum ether fraction (PF) and chloroform fraction (CF) using quercetin, kaempferol, ursolic acid and lupeol as standard. EAD (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg, p.o.), PF and CF (100 and 200 mg/kg, p.o.) were evaluated for analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activities by Freund's complete adjuvant induced arthritis model (FCA). Arthritis was assessed on the basis of ‘change in paw’ volume and arthritis index. Hematological parameters, spleen and thymus index, cytokine level in serum, radiological and histological parameters were also evaluated. EAD possess a higher amount of ursolic acid (2.23%) and lupeol (5.81%). EAD 400 mg/kg, p.o. showed potent inhibition in paw volume and TNF-α (33.19, 57.32%) as compared to curcumin 100 mg/kg, p.o. (31.12, 44.09%), respectively. EAD, PF and CF possessed significant analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic activities. EAD and PF at higher dose decreased the spleen index. © 2018, National Institute of Science Communication. All rights reserved.
Estimation of sublethal toxicity of zinc chloride by histopathological analysis of fish (Heteropneustes fossilis, Bloch) epidermis
(1997) S. Hemalatha; T.K. Banerjee
The effect of zinc chloride on the outer (OE) and inner (IE) opercular epidermis of Heteropneustes fossilis has been investigated. The main toxicopathological alterations of the OE include extensive intercellular as well as intracellular vacuolization and hyperplasia of the epithelial cells (ECs) with regular exfoliation of round or globular ECs from the skin surface. Splitting of the epidermis from the junction of the outermost (OL) and middle layers (ML) leading to the lifting of the OL is sometimes also noticed. The mucous cells (MCs) show periodic fluctuations in their density and staining properties. Extensive vacuolization of the epidermis along with hyperplasia of ECs along with periodic fluctuations in the density and staining behaviour of the MCs are the main alterations observed in the IE. The mucogenic activity of the IE throughout the exposure period remains mostly above the control level. Hence the damage is comparatively less severe. All these histo-pathological manifestations may be considered for their use for testing the quality of variously contaminated water samples.
Evaluation of anti-hyperglycemic and free radical scavenging activity of Melothria maderaspatana Linn. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats
(2010) S. Hemalatha; A.K. Wahi; P.N. Singh; J.P.N. Chansouria
The anti-hyperglycemic activity of aqueous extract of Melothria maderaspatana Linn. was evaluted in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Free radical scavenging activity of aqueous extract of M. maderaspatana was assessed in vitro using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH). Oral administration of aqueous extract of M. maderaspatana significantly decreased the blood glucose level in normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. This extract also lowered the serum cholesterol, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and hepatic tissue LPO levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. M. maderaspatana showed free radical scavenging activity when assayed in an in vitro system using 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) stable free radical. Pretreatment of M. maderaspatana failed to show any protective action against streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Aqueous extract of M. maderaspatana (2 g/kg p.o.) showed significant antihyperglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and free radical scavenging activities in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. © 2010 Academic Journals.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of the leaf extracts of Solanum trilobatum Linn
(2009) A. Pandurangan; R.L. Khosa; S. Hemalatha
Methanol extracts of Solanum trilobatum Linn Leaf were investigated for anti-inflammatory activity with acute and chronic models. In the doses of 100, 200 and 300 mg kg-1exhibited significant (P < 0.05) anti-inflammatory activity in all the models tested. The methanol extracts of Solanum trilobatum Linn at 300 mg kg-1 showed maximum inhibition of 54.44 % in carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema while the standard drug indomethacin was 57.08 % after 3 hrs of carrageenan injection. On the other hand at 100, 200 and 300 mg kg-1 inhibited with dextran, histamine and serotonin-induced rat paw oedema significantly and dose-dependently compared with control group. In the chronic inflammatory model, at 200 and 300 mg kg -1 inhibited the granuloma weight by 22.65 %, whereas the indomethacin inhibited 28.37 %.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity of Ichnocarpus frutescens root
(2009) A. Pandurangan; R.L. Khosa; S. Hemalatha
Background and the purpose of the study: Ichnocarpus frutescens has been widely used in the traditional medicine for the treatment of a variety of diseases. In the present study anti-inflammatory and antioxidant property of roots of this plant was investigated. Methods: The anti-inflammatory activity of methanolic extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens (MEIF) was evaluated by carrageenan, and cotton pellet induced granuloma tests to determine its effects on acute and chronic phase of inflammation models in rats. Results and major conclusion: Preliminary Phytochemical analysis of methanolic extracts showed presence of terpenoids, flavonoids, and sterols. Maximum inhibition (54.63 %) was obtained at the dose of 100 mg/kg after 3 hrs of drug treatment in carrageenan induced paw oedema, whereas indomethacin produced 57.65 % of inhibition. In the chronic model, 300 mg/kg of MEIF like indomethacin and dexamethasone standard drug decreased formation of granuloma tissue by 22.64, 29.63 % and 34.84 % respectively. The successive methanol re-extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens root (MEIF) exhibited strong scavenging effects on 2, 2-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH) free radical, nitric oxide, super oxide anion, hydroxyl radical and inhibition of lipid peroxidation. These results clearly indicate strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of Ichnocarpus frutescens root.
Evaluation of anti-pyretic potential of Ichnocarpus frutescens roots
(2009) A. Pandurangan; R.L. Khosa; S. Hemalatha
The methanolic extract of Ichnocarpus frutescens R.Br. root (MEIF) was evaluated for its anti-pyretic potential on normal body temperature and yeast-induced pyrexia in albino rats. Yeast suspension (10 ml/kg body wt.) increased rectal temperature 19 h after subcutaneous injection. The MEIF, at doses of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg body wt., p.o., produced significant reduction in normal body temperature and yeast-provoked elevated temperature in a dose dependent manner. The effect extended up to 5 h after the drug administration. The anti-pyretic effect of MEIF was comparable to that of paracetamol (150 mg/kg body wt., p.o.), a standard anti-pyretic agent. © 2009 by Razi Institute for Drug Research (RIDR).
Histopathological analysis of sublethal toxicity of zinc chloride to the respiratory organs of the airbreathing catfish Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch)
(1997) S. Hemalatha; T.K. Banerjee
Sublethal toxicity of zinc chloride (ZnCl2; 7.5 ppm: 10% of 96 h LC50 value) on the aerial (accessory respiratory organs or air sacs) and branchial (gills) respiratory organs of Heteropneustes fossilis has been analysed histopathologically. Zinc chloride exposure causes certain common but severe damage to both tissues. The prominent changes in the accessory respiratory organs include periodic deformation of lamellar elements, haemorrhages due to necrosis and sloughing off of the respiratory epithelium, and hyperplasia accompanied by fusion of secondary lamellae. Subsequently, regeneration of the lamellar system from the focal inflammatory tissues takes place. Deposition of glycogen in the muscular layer indicates disturbed aerial respiration. The alterations in the gills include periodic lifting off of the respiratory epithelium, extensive intercellular vacuolization and occasional fusion of secondary lamellae, resulting in increased thickness of primary and secondary lamellae. Fusion of secondary lamellae reduces the surface area for gaseous exchange. The increased thickness of the respiratory epithelium due to uncontrolled hyperplasia of the epithelial cells, also increases the diffusion distance between the ambient and vascular components. Vasodilation in the secondary lamellae of the gills and periodic fluctuations in the mucous cell density are also observed at various stages of ZnCl2 exposure.
Hypoglycemic activity of Withania coagulans Dunal in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats
(2004) S. Hemalatha; A.K. Wahi; P.N. Singh; J.P.N. Chansouria
Administration of aqueous extract of fruits of Withania coagulans Dunal significantly lowered the blood sugar, serum cholesterol, serum LPO, and hepatic LPO levels at the highest concentration of 1 g/kg; po in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. In normal rats as well the blood sugar levels were significantly decreased following treatment with the above drug. Withania coagulans also exhibited free radical scavenging activity in an in vitro system using DPPH. © 2004 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
Hypolipidemic activity of aqueous extract of Withania coagulans dunal in albino rats
(2006) S. Hemalatha; A.K. Wahi; P.N. Singh; J.P.N. Chansouria
Administration of an aqueous extract of fruits of Withania coagulans (1 g/kg; p.o.) to high fat diet induced hyperlipidemic rats for 7 weeks, significantly reduced elevated serum cholesterol, triglycerides and lipoprotein levels. This drug also showed hypolipidemic activity in triton induced hypercholesterolemia. The histopathological examination of liver tissues of treated hyperlipidemic rats showed comparatively lesser degenerative changes compared with hyperlipidemic controls. The hypolipidemic effect of W. coagulans fruits was found to be comparable to that of an Ayurvedic product containing Commiphora mukkul. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Mechanization in Pre-harvest Technology to Improve Quality and Safety
(Springer, 2023) Aparna Kumari; Shubhendra Singh; Aparnna V. P; Pallawi Joshi; Anil Kumar Chauhan; Meenakshi Singh; S. Hemalatha
Crops provide proteins, carbohydrates, organic acids, vitamins, and minerals which are a major part of human nutrition and health. However, improving crop quality and shelf-life is a challenge in the context of the global horticultural food supply. Mechanization plays a vital role in securing the future of crop growers in developed countries. The demand for sustainable mechanization and services will continue to rise naturally with increase in demand of growing population for food, feed and biological industrial raw materials from agriculture. Mechanization increased productivity per unit area, improved the quality of work and products and reduced drudgery in farming activities, thereby making farm work more attractive. So adaption of mechanization in the pre-harvest stage is important that improves the product’s quality and safety. This chapter focuses on exploring the importance of mechanization, reasons behind the adoption of mechanization and its impact on the power availability, costs, labour and yield at pre-harvest stage to improve the quality and safety of horticultural produce. It also focuses on various pre-harvest factors such as genetic, environmental and cultural practices which affect the quality of produce and recent advanced practices to reduce the effect of pre-harvest factors that improve quality and safety parameter. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of Cinnamomum wightii Meissn. flowers
(2012) D. Laloo; A.N. Sahu; S. Hemalatha; S.D. Dubey
Cinnamomum wightii Meissn. (Family- Lauraceae) is a tree mainly found in the Western Ghats and Shola forest of the South India. Pharmacognostical and phytochemical evaluation of crude drug has been done as per WHO guidelines and IHP 2002. The crude flower buds are globoid to round in shape, dark brown with 1-2 cm long pedicel. Transverse section through petals showed both the outer and inner epidermis with numerous stone cells and secretory glands scattered in the cortex. The quantitative values found are: foreign organic matter (0.71%), loss on drying (11.88%), total ash (6.41%), acid insoluble ash (2.07%), water soluble ash (0.38%), alcohol soluble extractive (28.63%) and water soluble extractive (7.23%), foaming index (200), swelling index (0.85 ml), volatile oil content (0.20%) and pesticide residue content. The powdered crude flower buds have shown the presence of stone cells, vessel element, covering trichomes, spiral xylem vessel and fragments of anthers filamentous cell layer. Phytochemical screening of methanolic extract showed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins, reducing sugars, phenolics, tannins, sterols and mucilage. Quantitative estimation of the methanolic extracts of various phytoconstituents, viz. total tannins (156.5 mg/g), total phenolics (146.40 mg/g), total flavonoids (30 mg/g) and total flavonols (3.6 mg/g) content has been estimated spectrophotometrically. These findings may serve as diagnostic tools for identification of the crude drug.
Quantitative phytochemical and heavy metal estimation of Mesua ferrea flowers and Argyreia speciosa leaves
(2013) N. Sahu Alakh; S. Hemalatha; K. Sairam
Mesua ferrea Linn. belongs to the family Clusiaceae. The flowers have been cream coloured, ebracteate, pedicellate, pedicel short and axillary. The plant Argyreia speciosa Sweet belongs to the family Convulvulaceae. It is a woody climber. Both the plant parts have been authenticated and identified taxonomically. Defattion of flower and leaves have been done by light petroleum ether 40- 60 and then extracted with ethanol by soxhlet extraction method. Gallic acid has been taken as reference standard for total phenolic estimation. The total phenolic in the ethanolic extract of MF and AS equivalent to gallic acid has been found to be 10.12 and 14.72 mg per gram of dry weight extract respectively. Tannic acid has been taken as reference standard for total tannin estimation. The total tannin in the ethanolic extract of MF and AS equivalent to tannic acid has been found to be 8.75 and 11.25 mg per gram of dry weight extract respectively. Rutin has been used as reference standard for flavonoid and flavonol estimation. The total flavonoid content have been found to be 23 ± 1.37 and 30 ± 0.52 mg / gm plant extract in rutin equivalent respectively. The total flavonol content have been found to be 0.49 ± 0.03 and 3.60 ± 0.25 mg / gm plant extract in rutin equivalent respectively. The saponin content of MF have been 98.75 mg/g and AS have been 7.70 mg/g. Heavy metal estimation has been done by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer. The heavy metals content of MF have been Cd - 0.001 mg/L, Cr - 0.021 mg/L, Ni - 0.012 mg/L, and Pb - 0.010 mg/L and of AS have been Cd - 0.000 mg/L, Cr - 0.013 mg/L, Ni - 0.021 mg/L, and Pb - 0.011 mg/L.
Structure-guided discovery of a novel BTK inhibitor inducing apoptosis and G1 phase arrest in tumor cells
(Springer Nature, 2025) Alok Shukla; Arpit Sharma; Shivani Gupta; Shruti Sharadrao Raut; Abha Mishra; S. Hemalatha; Amit Kumar Singh
Bruton’s tyrosine kinase (BTK) is a pivotal component of multiple signaling pathways in hematopoietic cells and serves as a critical pharmacological target in B-cell malignancies. Despite the availability of clinically approved BTK inhibitors, therapeutic resistance and limited efficacy in certain patient populations necessitate the discovery of novel candidates. In this study, virtual high-throughput screening of the ZINC database was employed to identify potential BTK inhibitors. Compounds were prioritized based on molecular docking scores, binding patterns, and free energy calculations. ZINC000045971961 (ZINC1961) emerged as a promising lead compound, forming stable hydrogen bonds with Glu475 and Met477 key residues also targeted by the reference inhibitor Ibrutinib. Molecular dynamics simulations and MM/GBSA free energy analysis further confirmed the stability and favorable binding affinity of ZINC1961. Biological evaluation in primary tumor cells demonstrated potent cytotoxicity, with an IC50 of 80 ± 0.5 µM, and pronounced apoptosis confirmed by AO/EB/DAPI triple staining, Annexin-V/PI assay, and scanning electron microscopy. Additionally, ZINC1961 induced G1 phase cell cycle arrest, contributing to its antiproliferative effects. Collectively, these findings not only highlight ZINC1961 as a novel BTK inhibitor but also underscore the power of integrative in silico and in vitro approaches in accelerating early-stage cancer drug discovery. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2025.
Systematic investigation of ethanolic extract from Leea macrophylla: Implications in wound healing
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2016) Apurva Joshi; Vinod K. Joshi; Deepali Pandey; S. Hemalatha
Ethnopharmacological relevance Leea macrophylla Roxb. ex Hornem. (Leeaceae) commonly known as Hastikarnapalasa is mainly distributed throughout the tropical parts of India. Traditionally, the plant is found to be effective against guinea worm, ringworm and is applied to sores and wounds. Aim of the study The present study aims to validate traditional wound healing claim of Leea macrophylla scientifically. Material and methods Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to optimize the extraction process. The optimized root tuber extract of Leea macrophylla was standardized with chlorogenic acid by HPLC for the first time. Both oral and topical routes were selected as administrative means for the wound healing study using excision and incision wound model. For topical treatment bioadhesive gel was formulated and characterized for mechanical and physical characteristics by texture profile analysis (TPA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect on wound healing was also assessed by evaluating antioxidant enzymes viz. glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), free radicals lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO), inflammatory marker myeloperoxidase (MPO), collagen markers hydroxyproline, hexosamine and hexuronic acid along with the histopathological examination. Furthermore, the effect on the level of the proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin -6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were determined. The expression of cell proliferation nuclear marker Ki-67 was also analyzed by Western blot analysis. Results With mesh openings Sieve no. 20, semi polar nature of solvent (92.5:7.5 ethanol-water blend) and extraction time of 18 h, substantially greater extraction efficiency (29%) and phenolic yield (181.54 mg/g) were obtained. The content of chlorogenic acid in ethanol extracts of Leea macrophylla was obtained as 9.01% w/w. In incision model, oral treatment with 500 mg/kg ethanolic extract increased wound breaking strength by 23.41% while bioadhesive gel (5% w/v) showed a higher increase of 44.68%. Topical application produced complete wound contraction in 20 days against 22 days taken by oral treatment. Topical treatment also produced a significant (p<0.05) increase in antioxidants glutathione, superoxide dismutase and catalase whereas the level of enzymes lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide and inflammatory markers myeloperoxidase were reduced. Further advantageous effects were reflected by significantly (p<0.05) increased levels of hydroxyproline, hexosamine and hexuronic acid. Favorable effects on the level of proinflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β, interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor – α and growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor were also observed. The wound healing potential of Leea macrophylla was further supported by its ability to promote cell proliferation during wound healing as demonstrated by Western blot analysis of proliferation marker Ki-67. Conclusion The study justified traditional use of Leea macrophylla in wound healing and demonstrated that the bioadhesive gel of ethanolic extract produced faster and more significant healing as compared to oral treatment. © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd
Total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant potentials of ethanolic stem extracts of three viburnum linn. species
(Chemical Publishing Co., 2011) K. Prabhu; P.K. Karar; S. Hemalatha; K. Ponnudurai
The stems of Viburnum punctatum, Viburnum coriaceum and Viburnum erubescens were collected from Nilgiri Hills and Coimbatore, Tamilnadu and taxonomically authenticated. Herbaria of the species were submitted to the museum of the place of research studies. The samples were shade dried for a week. About 500 g of powdered samples were extracted with petroleum ether (60-80 °C), benzene and 75 % (v/v) ethanol successively in a soxhlator one by one and followed by determination of percentage extractives. The extracts were qualitatively tested for different chemical constituents present. The ethanolic extracts were selected for further investigations, such as total phenolic content and in vitro antioxidant potential. It was revealed that all the three species exhibited a significant antioxidant potential against the reference compounds subjected and antioxidant potential among three species was ascending in series: V. coriaceum > V. punctatum > V. erubescens.
Withania coagulans dunal: An overview on its up to date antidiabetic investigations
(Apple Academic Press, 2016) S. Hemalatha; Satyendra K. Prasad; Manish Kumar; S.D. Dubey
[No abstract available]