Browsing by Author "S.S. Vaish"

Now showing 1 - 12 of 12

Biomass of Meloidogyne graminicola and associated roots: A determinant to symptom production in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)
(Nematological Society of India, 2016) S.S. Vaish; S.K. Pandey; L.C. Prasad
The biomass of invading developing stages Meloidogyne grminicola (219μg) 27 days after sowing in variety JB-206 of barley increased to 2743 μg on 79th day when adult females were in advance egg laying stage with an increase of approximately 125-fold. Such plants exhibited acute stunting without heading. The nematode-to-root biomass ratios were inversely proportional to the degree of symptoms. Plants died at a ratio of 1:227 with severe stunting, yellowing and wilting, whereas, symptoms changed markedly at ratios less than 1: 1878, however, the ratios greater than this did not show severe symptoms. Reduction in shoot biomass and its length was associated with symptoms advancement. Restriction of growth stages was also noticed with increase in nematode biomass and symptoms severity and it was up to seedling stage having high nematode biomass, although, comparatively healthy plants of the same age were advanced to tillering stage. © 2017, Nematological Society of India. All rights reserved.
Catenaria anguillulae as an efficient biological control agent of Anguina tritici in vitro
(2012) K.P. Singh; S.S. Vaish; Niranjan Kumar; K.D. Singh; Minakshi Kumari
During the course of our investigation on the selective isolation and pathogenicity tests of Catenaria anguillulae against plant parasitic nematodes, actively motile second stage juveniles (J 2s) of Anguina tritici obtained from wheat galls collected from Leh, Kashmir, India were found to be severely infected by zoospores of this fungus. The motile J 2s of A. tritici suffered nearly 82% mortality at 31±1°C after 24h of exposure while the mortality decreased to 77% at 20±1°C on the 6th day. Pathogenicity trial of 13 isolates of C. anguillulae against the motile J 2s revealed that this nematode is highly susceptible to infection. Comparative susceptibility of the plant parasitic nematodes to C. anguillulae further revealed that the fungus is more virulent to A. tritici than the other nematodes. These findings firmly established that the C. anguillulae is a highly virulent biological control agent of A. tritici which resolved the controversial issue about its virulence against a nematode belonging to order Tylenchida. Motile and non-motile J 2s of A. tritici are equally good for the selective isolation of C. anguillulae. However, larger sporangia are produced in the motile J 2s, hence, motile J 2s should be preferred over the non-motile ones. Observations of the developmental stages of C. anguillulae in living J 2s of A. tritici revealed that the development from zoospore colonization to release of zoospores from mature sporangia was completed in 22-24h at 31±1°C, whereas, at 20±1°C the developmental stages were greatly delayed requiring 72-75h for zoospore liberation. Pathogenicity and development of C. anguillulae in living J 2s of A. tritici also proved that the fungus is a wonderful experimental tool which can be used as an example of excellent biological control in the class room. © 2012 Elsevier Inc.
Distribution of Catenaria anguillulae Sorokin, a facultative endoparasite of nematodes in soils from different locations of India
(2002) S.S. Vaish; K.P. Singh
A survey of soils from 39 different locations from 12 states of India for the presence/absence of Catenaria anguillulae indicated a wide distribution of the fungus in Indian soils. Out of 490 soil samples, 451 yielded C. anguillulae. Further, it was also noted that the fungus is present throughout the year in soils from the different locations irrespective of soil types and crops grown. This is the first report of this kind on distribution of C. anguillulae from India.
First documentation on status of barley diseases from the high altitude cold arid Trans-Himalayan Ladakh region of India
(2011) S.S. Vaish; Sheikh Bilal Ahmed; K. Prakash
Cold arid trans-Himalayan Ladakh region of India bordering with Pakistan and China is one of most elevated inhabited regions of the world. This region is highly vulnerable to climate change and serious environmental threats resulting in reduction in crop productivity due to risk of agricultural pest and plant pathogens. The present work describes the various diseases attacking barley from this region where the status of barley diseases has not yet been explored. Extensive field surveys were conducted for the first time during 2004-2005 and 475 fields were inspected at the 95 locations. Yellow rust, powdery mildew, leaf spot blotch/blight, covered smut, loose smut, foot/root rot and cereal cyst nematode causing molya disease were encountered during the survey. However, yellow rust, molya and foot/root rot were found as the most destructive diseases. Excellent hotspots of the encountered diseases were identified and marked which may be used for the screening of barley genotypes and determining the impact of climate change on plant diseases. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.
Identification of new donors for spot blotch resistance in cultivated wheat germplasm
(Cereal Research Non-Profit Company, 2018) J. Kumari; S. Kumar; N. Singh; S.S. Vaish; S. Das; A. Gupta; J.C. Rana
One thousand four hundred and eighty three spring wheat germplasm (Triticum aestivum L.) lines comprising Indian as well as exotic lines were screened for resistance to spot blotch disease during winter 2014-15 at hot spot locations i.e., Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi and Uttar Banga Krishi Vishwavidyalaya, Cooch Behar. Severity of the disease at different stages beginning from tillering to dough stage was recorded. Location Severity Index (LSI) of Varanasi was higher than Cooch Behar. Twenty eight accessions were resistant or highly resistant at both locations. These 28 accessions were validated during the winter season (2015–2016). These germplasm were also evaluated at four environments for agronomic traits. Out of 28 accessions, seven (IC564121, IC529684, IC443669, IC443652, IC529962, IC548325 and EC178071-331) were highly resistant across the locations and over the years of study. These accessions comprised one exotic and six indigenous accessions belonging to Uttarakhand and Haryana. Two lines (IC529962 and IC443652) had higher yield than the best check at all the locations. These lines showing highly resistant reaction alongwith wider adaptability can be expedited for direct cultivation or for the development of high yielding and disease resistant cultivars. These lines can also be used for identification of novel resistance gene using allele mining tools and their deployment for the development of spot blotch resistant cultivars. © 2018 Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest.
Mining of Indian wheat germplasm collection for adult plant resistance to leaf rust
(Public Library of Science, 2019) Sundeep Kumar; B.S. Phogat; V.K. Vikas; A.K. Sharma; M.S. Saharan; Amit Kumar Singh; Jyoti Kumari; Rakesh Singh; Sherry Rachel Jacob; G.P. Singh; M. Sivasamy; P. Jayaprakash; M. Meeta; J.P. Jaiswal; Deep Shikha; B.K. Honrao; I.K. Kalappanavar; P.C. Mishra; S.P. Singh; S.S. Vaish; V.A. Solanki
Leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) is a fungal disease of wheat (Triticum spp.), which causes considerable yield loss. Adult plant resistance (APR) is one of the most sustainable approaches to control leaf rust. In this study, field-testing was carried out across ten different locations, followed by molecular screening, to detect the presence of APR genes, Lr34+, Lr46+, Lr67+ and Lr68 in Indian wheat germplasm. In field screening, 190 wheat accessions were selected from 6,319 accessions based on leaf tip necrosis (LTN), disease severity and the average coefficient of infection. Molecular screening revealed that 73% of the accessions possessed known APR genes either as single or as a combination of two or three genes. The occurrence of increased LTN intensity, decreased leaf rust severity and greater expression of APR genes were more in relatively cooler locations. In 52 lines, although the presence of the APR genes was not detected, it still displayed high levels of resistance. Furthermore, 49 accessions possessing either two or three APR genes were evaluated for stability across locations for grain yield. It emerged that eight accessions had wider adaptability. Resistance based on APR genes, in the background of high yielding cultivars, is expected to provide a high level of race non-specific resistance, which is durable. © 2019 Kumar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Multi-environment analysis to unravel bread wheat core collection to identify donors for grain quality, phenology, and yield traits
(CSIRO, 2024) Jyoti Kumari; R.K. Gupta; Arun Gupta; B.K. Honrao; S.S. Vaish; Achla Sharma; Sewa Ram; Gopalareddy Krishnappa; Shivani Sharma; Rakesh Bhardwaj; Sherry Rachel Jacob; Sundeep Kumar; V.K. Vikas; Sushil Pandey; J.C. Rana; Ashok Kumar; G.P. Singh; Kuldeep Singh
Context. Untapped wheat germplasm is conserved globally in genebanks. Evaluating it for grain quality and yield will help achieve nutritional and food security. Aims. We aimed to evaluate the Indian National Genebank bread wheat core collection for grain quality, phenology and yield, to identify potential donor germplasm. Methods. 1485 accessions were grown at three locations in India during winter 2015–2016 to evaluate test weight, grain protein content, sedimentation value (SV), days to spike emergence, days to maturity, grain yield and thousand-grain weight (TGW). Key results. Best linear unbiased estimates indicated mean protein of 13.3%, 14.7%, and 13.0% and yield of 73.0 g/m, 70.9 g/m and 66.6 g/m at Ludhiana, Pune, and Varanasi locations, respectively. The SV ranged from 26.6–65.6 mL and 17.7–66.6 mL at the Ludhiana and Pune locations, respectively. The top 10 accessions were identified for all the studied traits. Six high protein accessions, with consistent protein of more than 15% along with moderate Thousand-grain and test weights were further validated and assessed for stability across environments. Grain protein content was correlated negatively with thousand-grain weight and yield, but positively with days to maturity and spike emergence. Conclusion. The identified accessions with high trait values could be used in future breeding programmes to develop high yielding biofortified cultivars to address protein malnutrition and also cultivars with suitable end-product quality. Implications. The diversity in a core collection can be exploited to develop modern high yielding bread wheat cultivars with higher grain protein content and suitable end-product quality. © 2024 The Author(s).
Oil cakes as media for growing Catenaria anguillulae Sorokin, a facultative endoparasite of nematodes
(2005) R.C. Gupta; S.S. Vaish; R.K. Singh; N.K. Singh; K.P. Singh
Growth, morphology, visibility of sporangia and colony colour of 10 isolates of Catenaria anguillulae were compared on six media: linseed oil-cake agar, mustard oil-cake agar, neem oil-cake agar, beef extract agar, Emerson agar and YPSS agar with a view to selecting the best growth medium. In general, maximum radial growth of most of the isolates was recorded on linseed oil-cake agar medium, whereas neem oil-cake agar medium supported least growth of all the isolates of C. anguillulae. Linseed oil-cake agar medium also maintained the typical characters of the fungus and clear visibility of morphological details. © Springer 2005.
Pathogenicity and development of Catenaria anguillulae on some nematodes
(Cambridge University Press, 1996) K.P. Singh; R.A. Stephen; S.S. Vaish
Some plant parasitic nematodes and a non-parasitic one were tested for their susceptibility to Catenaria anguillulae. Non-motile juveniles of Anguina tritici, Seinura sp. and Xiphinema basiri were highly susceptible. Females of Meloidogyne javanica and Heterodera cajani, dislodged from roots of their respective hosts, were also highly susceptible. The fungus grew in the living adults of X. basiri and Seinura sp., as well as in males of M. javanica and H. cajani, causing paralysis of the invaded portion of the nematode body. The fungus revealed restricted growth endobiotically in Tylenchorhynchus brassicae, Hemicriconemoides mangiferae. Hoplolaimus indicus, Aphelenchus avenue, Helicotylenchus dihystera and Scutellonema brachyurum without causing death for few to several days indicating balanced parasitism. Sporangium formation in these species occurred only after the death of nematodes. Clearly, the fungus is a virulent parasite of nematodes.
Preliminary test of functionalized ZnO2 against Bipolaris sorokiniana and other seed associated mycoflora for better wheat germination
(Research Journal of BioTechnology, 2016) Nahar Singh; Ansuman Khandual; Prabhat K. Gupta; S.S. Vaish
Bipolaris sorokiniana that causes foliar blight of wheat is one of the most serious worries for growers in warmer and humid areas around the world. Use of ecologically sound molecules for management of plant diseases is considered as one of the best options to achieve sustainability of ecology, agriculture and human health. Attempts were made to synthesize PVP functionalized ZnO2 nanomaterials to explore antifungal ability and impact on plant growth. The growth and spore germination of B. sorokiniana was significantly reduced. The seed germination was improved with good development of plumule and radicles. Moreover, the proliferation of wheat seed associated pathogenic and saprophytic mycoflora was completely inhibited. These new informations suggest use of PVP functionalized ZnO2 nanoparticles as an alternative to harmful fungicides for seed treatment and lower agricultural cost and environmental risk.
Techniques for selective isolation, semiquantification and rapid virulence testing of Catenaria anguillulae
(Cambridge University Press, 1998) K.P. Singh; P. Bandyopadhyay; R.A. Stephen; S.S. Vaish; T. Makesh Kumar
Techniques for selective isolation, semiquantification and rapid virulence testing are described for Catenaria angnillulae, an important endoparasitic fungus of nematodes. Selective isolation was achieved by using second-stage juveniles of Anguina Iritici as bait in soil aliquots for 48 h. Semiquantitative estimation of the population of the fungus was made by calculating the infection percentage of inoculated juveniles. Rapid virulence testing was done by using second-stage juveniles of Heterodera cajani, Meloidogyne incognita and A. tritici.
Variety HUB-113 (Mahamana-113)
(Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2015) Lal Chand Prasad; Ravindra Prasad; Ram Dhari; R. Chand; R.K. Singh; S.S. Vaish
[No abstract available]