Browsing by Author "Saurabh Kumar"

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3D nanocomposites of β-TCP-H3BO3-Cu with improved mechanical and biological performances for bone regeneration applications
(Nature Research, 2025) Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi; Rajat Kumar Mishra; n. Shweta; Saurabh Kumar; Amreen Shamsad; Shama Parveen; Surajita Sahu; Savita Kumari; Zaireen Fatima; Sachin Kumar Yadav; Monisha Banerjee; Monalisa Mishra; Neeraj Mehta; Chandkiram Gautam
Recently, 3-D porous architecture of the composites play a key role in cell proliferation, bone regeneration, and anticancer activities. The osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties of β-TCP allow for the complete repair of numerous bone defects. Herein, β-TCP was synthesized by wet chemical precipitation route, and their 3-D porous composites with H3BO3 and Cu nanoparticles were prepared by the solid-state reaction method with improved mechanical and biological performances. Several characterization techniques have been used to investigate the various characteristics of fabricated porous composites. SEM and TEM studies revealed the porous morphology and hexagonal sheets of the β-TCP for the composite THC8 (82TCP-10H3BO3-8Cu). Moreover, the mechanical study showed excellent compressive strength (188 MPa), a high Young’s modulus (2.84 GPa), and elevated fracture toughness (9.11 MPa.m1/2). An in vitro study by MTT assay on osteoblast (MG-63) cells demonstrated no or minimal cytotoxicity at the higher concentration, 100 µg/ml after 24 h and it was found a more pronounced result at 20 µg/ml on increasing the concentration of Cu nanoparticles after incubating 72 h. The THC12 composite showed the highest antibacterial potency exclusively against B. subtilis. S. pyogene, S. typhi and E. coli. at 10 mg/ml, indicating its potential effectiveness in inhibiting all of these pathogens. Genotoxicity and cytotoxicity tests were also performed on rearing Drosophila melanogaster, and these findings did not detect any trypan blue-positive staining, which further recommended that the existence of composites did not harm the larval gut. Therefore, the fabricated porous composites THC8 and THC12 are suitable for bone regrowth without harming the surrounding cells and protect against bacterial infections. © The Author(s) 2025.
A novel nanocomposite of HAp-TiC-Ag with enhanced mechanical and biological properties for bone regrowth and anticancer applications
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2025) Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi; Shweta; Rajat Kumar Mishra; Saurabh Kumar; Amreen Shamsad; Shama Parveen; Surajita Sahu; Savita Kumari; Zaireen Fatima; Vijay Pratap; Rupesh Kumar; Monisha Banerjee; Monalisa Mishra; Horesh Kumar; Rakesh Kumar C. Gautam; Chandkiram Gautam
Hydroxyapatite (HAp)-based composites are extensively used in various applications, including bone regeneration, bone implants, catalysis, drug delivery, and cancer treatment, owing to their unique properties such as osteogenesis, osteoconduction, and osteoinduction, as well as their ability to inhibit tumor cell growth. In this study, pure HAp and silver (Ag) nanoparticles were synthesized using microwave irradiation and green synthesis methods, while a solid-state reaction route was employed for the fabrication of HAp-TiC-Ag composites aimed at enhancing their mechanical and biological properties. A range of characterization techniques, including XRD, FTIR, Raman, XPS, DLS, SEM, TEM, and in vitro assays, were used to assess the structural, morphological, mechanical, and biological properties of the composites. The composite HTA6 exhibited excellent mechanical properties, including a high compressive strength (185 MPa), elevated fracture toughness (10.88 MPa m1/2), a moderate Young's modulus (1.08 GPa), and a Vickers hardness (339.65 HV). The cell viability tests demonstrated that HTA6 treatment did not significantly reduce osteoblast cell growth, while significantly inhibiting the proliferation of cancer cells. Additionally, the composite showed good biocompatibility, displaying non-cytotoxicity in D. melanogaster and strong antibacterial activities against the tested bacteria. These findings suggest that HTA6 is a promising candidate for applications in bone regeneration and cancer treatment. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
A Practical Copper Catalyzed N-Arylation of Amines Using Aryl Triazenes as Aryl Source
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2019) Shiv Chand; Saurabh Kumar; Rahul Singh; Krishna Nand Singh
An efficient copper-catalyzed synthesis of N-arylated amines has been developed via cross-coupling of amines with aryl triazenes. The methodology is endowed with broad substrate scope, high yield, and significant functional group tolerance. © 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
A practical synthesis of aryl sulfones via cross-coupling of sulfonyl hydrazides with aryltriazenes using copper/ionic liquid combination
(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Anand Kumar Pandey; Saurabh Kumar; Rahul Singh; Krishna Nand Singh
A new and efficient approach adopting copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of sulfonyl hydrazides with aryltriazenes has been developed to synthesize aryl sulfones using Brønsted acidic ionic liquid as promoter under ambient conditions. The process employs stable and easy to handle reacting partners, and is endowed with broad substrate scope. © 2018 Elsevier Ltd
AIBN-Initiated Denitrative Cross-Coupling Reactions of β-Nitrostyrenes with Sulfonyl Hydrazides/Disulfides: A Metal-free Approach towards Vinyl Sulfones
(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2018) Saurabh Kumar; Rahul Singh; Krishna Nand Singh
A practical approach involving denitrative coupling of β-nitrostyrenes and sulfonyl hydrazides/disulfides by AIBN (azobisisobutyronitrile) has been developed to accomplish the synthesis of vinyl sulfones. The method employs easily accessible starting materials, and is endowed with a broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
An Efficient Synthesis of 1,2-Diketones by Oxidative Cross-coupling of Alkynes and Aryl Triazenes using Copper Catalysis
(Wiley-Blackwell, 2019) Ramesh Kumar Vishwakarma; Saurabh Kumar; Anup Kumar Sharma; Rahul Singh; Krishna Nand Singh
An efficient and mild approach to 1,2-diketones has been developed via oxidative cross-coupling of alkynes and aryl triazenes using copper catalysis under open atmosphere. The approach is convenient, clean, and offers a wide range of substrate scope and functional group tolerance. © 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Analysis of failure pattern in cut slopes of bedded sandstone: a case study
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Digvijay Singh; P.K. Singh; A. Kainthola; H.K. Pandey; Saurabh Kumar; T.N. Singh
Anisotropic sedimentary rocks are common around the world. Several factors, such as presence of primary and tectonic structures, type of weathering and rate of cohesion loss due to strength degradation, have significant effect on stability of slopes. In the present research, Geological strength index (GSI) has been used for quantitative comparison of rock mass quality and to investigate the rock mass damage. Other indicators of rock mass strength degradation, such as slake durability index tests, weathering index, were studied to understand the loss of strength with time leading to progressive failure in slopes. The failure pattern in bedded sandstones is controlled by bedding inclination, primary structures, vertical fractures. Folding affects bedding plane inclination and modify the failure mode along cut slopes. The cross-stratification significantly reduces rock quality and creates overhangs. The shape and size of overhangs are controlled by the presence of vertical cracks in addition to the type and scale of cross-stratification and failure generally occurs by block fall rather than block slide. The peculiar steeply plunging wedges associated with vertical fractures are very common in sub-horizontal bedded sandstone. Failure usually occurs by wedge fall rather than slide. Differential weathering affects the pinching strata against the massive beds and the characteristic wedges are common occurrence above this considerably fractured zone. Tectonic structures such as folds modify the style of failure in rock slopes as seen from kinematic analysis. The overall trend of lineaments is parallel to the strike of bedding plane (roughly E-–W) and the lineaments may be associated with reactivation of the major fault passing through the area. This study illustrates that the impact of tectonic damage further enhances the strength degradation caused by weathering, and climatic slaking. Overall rock mass quality lies in good to fair category, but preliminary stability analysis depicts slope in partially stable to unstable condition along SH-5; however, rock mass quality and cut slopes are relatively stable along SH-5A. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Copper catalysed C-N bond formation via a sequential acylation and deacylation process: A novel strategy for the synthesis of benzanilides
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2015) Saurabh Kumar; Rajeshwer Vanjari; Tirumaleswararao Guntreddi; Krishna Nand Singh
An efficient and mild oxidative amidation of aldehydes by means of acetanilides as amine components has been developed for the first time using copper catalysis. The approach is versatile and proceeds through sequential acylation and deacylation steps to afford benzanilides. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2015.
Decarboxylative Alkenylation of Imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines using α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids via Pd-Catalysed C-H Functionalization
(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2023) Saurabh Kumar; Neha Sharma Prabhakar; Kaushal Kishor; Krishna Nand Singh
An efficient synthesis of alkenylated imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines has been accomplished using imidazo[1,2-a]pyridines and α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids adopting C-H functionalization strategy in the presence of palladium acetate, 1,10-phenanthroline, and silver carbonate. © 2023 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.
Decarboxylative Arylation of α,β-Unsaturated Carboxylic Acids Using Aryl Triazenes by Copper/Ionic Liquid Combination in PEG-400
(Wiley-VCH Verlag, 2018) Saurabh Kumar; Anand Kumar Pandey; Rahul Singh; Krishna Nand Singh
A practical method for the construction of stilbene derivatives has been developed via catalytic cross-coupling of cinnamic acids with aryl triazenes. The methodology offers high stereoselectivity and is endowed with broad substrate scope, high yield, and significant functional group tolerance. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Electro-oxidative coupling of Bunte salts with aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates: a benign access to unsymmetrical sulfoxides
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023) Saurabh Kumar; Shiv Chand; Krishna Nand Singh
An electrochemical strategy for the synthesis of unsymmetrical sulfoxides has been explored using Bunte salts and aryldiazonium tetrafluoroborates under constant current electrolysis at room temperature. In addition to being eco-safe and using mild conditions, the present protocol is free from the use of metal/oxidant, and is endowed with a broad substrate scope and good functional group tolerance. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Elemental sulfur mediated synthesis of benzoxazoles, benzothiazoles and quinoxalines: Via decarboxylative coupling of 2-hydroxy/mercapto/amino-anilines with cinnamic acids
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016) Tirumaleswararao Guntreddi; Rajeshwer Vanjari; Saurabh Kumar; Rahul Singh; Neetu Singh; Promod Kumar; Krishna Nand Singh
An easy and practical method has been developed for the synthesis of 2-benzylbenzoxazoles and 2-benzylbenzothiazoles using sulfur mediated decarboxylative coupling of cinnamic acids with 2-hydroxyanilines and 2-mercaptoanilines respectively under metal- and solvent-free conditions. However, the reaction of 2-aminoanilines with cinnamic acids leads to the formation of 2-arylquinoxalines under the same set of reaction conditions. The transformation is versatile and compatible with a number of functional groups. © 2016 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Eosin-Y-Catalyzed Photoredox C−S Bond Formation: Easy Access to Thioethers
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2019) Shiv Chand; Anand Kumar Pandey; Rahul Singh; Saurabh Kumar; Krishna Nand Singh
An operationally simple Eosin Y catalyzed sulfenylation of hydrazones has been realized to afford a range of thioethers under visible light. The methodology provides high yields of thioethers under ambient conditions employing readily available and inexpensive starting materials. The reaction has broad substrate scope and is compatible with various functional groups. © 2019 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim
Fabrication of bioactive transparent glass ceramics 55SiO2–25Na2O-(15-x)CaO–5P2O5- xZrO2 (0≤x≤6): Physical, structural and in vitro cell viability insights for biomedical applications
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Shweta; Rajat Kumar Mishra; Bijay Laxmi Pradhan; Shama Parveen; Priyatama Behera; Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi; Savita Kumari; Zaireen Fatima; Prince Sen; Saurabh Kumar; Monalisa Mishra; Monisha Banerjee; Krishna Kishor Dey; Manasi Ghosh; Chandkiram Gautam
Zirconia (ZrO2) reinforced transparent glass ceramics (TGCs) are excellent materials for enhanced cell viability and biocompatibility for biomedical applications. Herein, ZrO2 doped SiO2–Na2O–CaO–P2O5 base compositions derived from traditional melt-quench technique. The impacts of ZrO2 on the physical, structural, optical, morphological, and biological evaluation were studied. XRD discloses the major phase formation of buchwaldite (CaNaPO4) and disodium calcium silicate (Na2CaSiO4). Density of the TGC samples was calculated and found to be in the range of 2.535–2.910 g/cm3. The optical parameters, and particle size were estimated and analyzed. Herein, ZrO2 plays a significant role as a network modifier and various bond assignments in the glassy network that confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. Surface morphology and its elemental investigations were also studied using SEM and XPS techniques. Solid state NMR spectrum on 23Na, 29Si, and 31P nucleus were studied for various interactions. Moreover, the cell viability of the fabricated samples on the cancer cells were analyzed and resulted to possess the half maximum inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of the samples were calculated and valued to be 92 to 40 μg/ml respectively. The sample 55SiO2–25Na2O–9CaO–5P2O5–6ZrO2 (BG4) demonstrated a remarkable biological activity for bone regeneration and implants. Further, the cell cytotoxicity was evaluated by performing trypan blue assay, DAPI and DCFH-DA staining on the TGC samples. The data assembled in this research approves the hypothesis that the TGCs represent a feasible material for the biomedical applications for bone and tooth implants. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l.
Fabrication of sensitive bioelectrode based on atomically thin CVD grown graphene for cancer biomarker detection
(Elsevier Ltd, 2018) Vijay K. Singh; Saurabh Kumar; Sumit Kumar Pandey; Saurabh Srivastava; Monu Mishra; Govind Gupta; B.D. Malhotra; R.S. Tiwari; Anchal Srivastava
Motivation behind the present work is to fabricate a cost effective and scalable biosensing platform for an easy and reliable detection of cancer biomarker Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Here, we report the sensitive and selective detection of CEA using graphene based bio-sensing platform. Large sized (~ 2.5 × 1.0 cm2), uniform, continuous, single and few layers graphene films have been grown on copper (Cu) substrate employing chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique using hexane as a liquid precursor. Functional group has been created over Graphene/Cu substrate through π-π stacking of 1- pyrenebutanoic acid succinimidyl ester (PBSE). Further, to make the sensor specific to CEA, antibody of CEA (anti-CEA) has been covalently immobilized onto PBSE/Graphene/Cu electrode. Selective and sensitive detection of CEA is achieved by anti-CEA/PBSE/Graphene/Cu electrode through electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. Under optimal condition, the fabricated sensor shows linear response in the physiological range 1.0–25.0 ng mL−1 (normal value ~ 5.0 ng mL−1), revealing sensitivity 563.4 Ω ng−1 mL cm−2 with a correlation coefficient of 0.996 and limit of detection (LOD) 0.23 ng mL−1. In this way, one step electrode fabrication with high specific surface area provides a light weight, low cost, reliable and scalable novel biosensing platform for sensitive and selective detection of CEA. We believe that this bioelectrode equipped with specific recognition elements could be utilized for detection of other biomolecules too. © 2018 Elsevier B.V.
Fabrication, structural, and enhanced mechanical behavior of MgO substituted PMMA composites for dental applications
(Nature Research, 2024) Savita Kumari; Rajat Kumar Mishra; Shama Parveen; Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi; Ajaz Hussain; Saurabh Kumar; Monisha Banerjee; Jitendra Rao; Rupesh Kumar; Rakesh Kumar Gautam; Chandkiram Gautam
The most common denture material used for dentistry is poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA). Usually, the polymeric PMMA material has numerous biological, mechanical and cost-effective shortcomings. Hence, to resolve such types of drawbacks, attempts have been made to investigate fillers of the PMMA like alumina (Al2O3), silica (SiO2), zirconia (ZrO2) etc. For the enhancement of the PMMA properties a suitable additive is required for its orthopedic applications. Herein, the main motive of this study was to synthesize a magnesium oxide (MgO) reinforced polymer-based hybrid nano-composites by using heat cure method with superior optical, biological and mechanical characteristics. For the structural and vibrational studies of the composites, XRD and FT-IR were carried out. Herein, the percentage of crystallinity for all the fabricated composites were also calculated and found to be 14.79–30.31. Various physical and optical parameters such as density, band gap, Urbach energy, cutoff energy, cutoff wavelength, steepness parameter, electron–phonon interaction, refractive index, and optical dielectric constant were also studied and their values are found to be in the range of 1.21–1.394 g/cm3, 5.44–5.48 eV, 0.167–0.027 eV, 5.68 eV, 218 nm, 0.156–0.962, 4.273–0.693, 1.937–1.932, and 3.752–3.731 respectively. To evaluate the mechanical properties like compressive strength, flexural strength, and fracture toughness of the composites a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) was used and their values were 60.3 and 101 MPa, 78 and 40.3 MPa, 5.85 and 9.8 MPa-m1/2 respectively. Tribological tests of the composites were also carried out. In order to check the toxicity, MTT assay was also carried out for the PM0 and PM15 [(x)MgO + (100 − x) (C5O2H8)n] (x = 0 and 15) composites. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the structural, physical, optical, and biological features of the fabricated PMMA-MgO composites, highlighting the potential of the PM15 composite with its enhanced density, mechanical strength, and excellent biocompatibility for denture applications. © 2024, The Author(s).
Groundwater quality assessment of Allahabad smart city using GIS and water quality index
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2020) H.K. Pandey; Vivek Tiwari; Saurabh Kumar; Aniket Yadav; S.K. Srivastava
Groundwater quality plays a very important role in groundwater protection as well as demarcation of the groundwater depleted area which may be attempted for its improvement and conservation. An effort has been made to comprehend the water quality of Allahabad city with the help of groundwater sampling, their chemical analysis, and synthesis of results in GIS framework. The assessment of physiochemical parameters of groundwater samples for drinking purpose has been made using Water Quality Index and Geographic Information System. Spatial distribution of pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, fluoride, iron, total alkalinity, total hardness, chloride, sulphate, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, and nitrate content of groundwater samples collected from 12 locations and studied for pre-monsoon (May 2016) and post monsoon (Nov 2017) periods has been assessed using Arc-GIS. Water quality maps of pre-monsoon period reveal that 4.23% area is falling under good, 74.82% under moderate, and 12.12% under poor and 0.66% under very poor category while water quality maps for post monsoon period reveal that the 40.33% of area falls under good, 58.89% area under moderate and 0.77% under poor water quality. The observed values of various physiochemical parameters of water samples were also compared with standard values recommended by IS 10,500:2012. It is observed that depth to water has positive correlation with TDS, electrical conductivity, and hardness. The extent of pollution occurred in the city is due to over exploitation of groundwater, urbanization, and anthropogenic activities. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Himalayan Microbiomes for Agro-environmental Sustainability: Current Perspectives and Future Challenges
(Springer, 2022) Deep Chandra Suyal; Divya Joshi; Saurabh Kumar; Pankaj Bhatt; Arun Narayan; Krishna Giri; Manali Singh; Ravindra Soni; Rakshak Kumar; Ashok Yadav; Rubee Devi; Tanvir Kaur; Divjot Kour; Ajar Nath Yadav
The Himalayas are one of the most mystical, yet least studied terrains of the world. One of Earth’s greatest multifaceted and diverse montane ecosystems is also one of the thirty-four global biodiversity hotspots of the world. These are supposed to have been uplifted about 60–70 million years ago and support, distinct environments, physiography, a variety of orogeny, and great biological diversity (plants, animals, and microbes). Microbes are the pioneer colonizer of the Himalayas that are involved in various bio-geological cycles and play various significant roles. The applications of Himalayan microbiomes inhabiting in lesser to greater Himalayas have been recognized. The researchers explored the applications of indigenous microbiomes in both agricultural and environmental sectors. In agriculture, microbiomes from Himalayan regions have been suggested as better biofertilizers and biopesticides for the crops growing at low temperature and mountainous areas as they help in the alleviation of cold stress and other biotic stresses. Along with alleviation of low temperature, Himalayan microbes also have the capability to enhance plant growth by availing the soluble form of nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, zinc, and iron. These microbes have been recognized for producing plant growth regulators (abscisic acid, auxin, cytokinin, ethylene, and gibberellins). These microbes have been reported for bioremediating the diverse pollutants (pesticides, heavy metals, and xenobiotics) for environmental sustainability. In the current perspectives, present review provides a detailed discussion on the ecology, biodiversity, and adaptive features of the native Himalayan microbiomes in view to achieve agro-environmental sustainability. © 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Impact of crop establishment and residue management on soil properties and productivity in rice-fallow ecosystems in India
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2022) Rakesh Kumar; Janki Sharan Mishra; Sushanta Kumar Naik; Surajit Mondal; Ram Swaroop Meena; Saurabh Kumar; Abhishek Kumar Dubey; Govind Makarana; Bal Krishna Jha; Santosh Sambhaji Mali; Ashis Kumar Biswas; Arbind Kumar Choudhary; Hansraj Hans; Rachana Dubey; Santosh Kumar; Prem Kumar Sundaram; Rohan Kumar Raman; Mohammad Monobrullah; Sanjeev Kumar; Ujjwal Kumar; Bhagwati Prasad Bhatt
The degradation of agricultural land, both chemical and biological, is a big concern all over the world. Crop cultivation practices that are distinctive to each location have negative consequences for agricultural production. Therefore, there is an urgent need for better crop and soil management techniques. This experiment was conducted for 5 years (2016–2020) to identify the best crop establishment-cum-residue management (CERM) practices and suitable crops for succession after the rice harvest in rice-fallow ecosystems of India. Experimentation was conducted in the split-plot design and each treatment was replicated thrice, having CERM in main-plot and post-rainy season/winter crops in sub-plot. All the CERM treatments had two variants, with crop residue (R+) and without crop residue (R−). Rice yields were markedly higher (19.1%–32.2%) in transplanted puddled rice with residue (TPR-R+) over conventional-till direct seeded rice (CTDSR) and zero-till DSR (ZTDSR) treatments. However, TPR adversely impacted the performance of all the post-rainy pulses/oilseed crops. Post-rainy season crop yields under ZTDSR/CTDSR were 14.9%–45.8% higher leading to higher system productivity as compared to TPR. ZTDSR with residue retention showed higher soil aggregation. The practice of ZTDSR increased the soil dehydrogenase activity (46.2%), urease activity (29.8%), soil microbial biomass carbon (65.4), and fluorescein diacetate activity (9.0%) in the crop root zone with 3.3- and 4.47-times higher earthworm population and earthworm biomass, respectively. The rice-pulse system showed 1.74-times more earthworm population over rice-oilseed sequences. Total soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in ZTDSR was 21.8% higher over TPR in 0–45 cm soil profile. Thus, the adoption of ZTDSR practices and diversification of rice-fallows with pulses crops is recommended for enhancing the crop productivity, increasing SOC stock, and improving soil biological properties in the rice-fallow ecosystems of India. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Influence of TiO2as a filler into PMMA-ZrO2composites on structural, mechanical and biological properties for denture fabrication
(Elsevier Ltd, 2025) Akhileshwar Gupta; Savita Kumari; Sarvesh Kumar Avinashi; Rajat Kumar Mishra; Rupesh Kumar; Priyatama Behera; Monalisa Mishra; Rakesh Kumar C. Gautam; Saurabh Kumar; Shama Parveen; Jitendra Rao; Monisha Banerjee; Chandkiram Gautam
Polymethyl-methacrylate (PMMA) is widely being used in dentistry, while it has limited mechanical strength. Herein, PMMA composites were fabricated using heat cure technique within a system [(95-x) PMMA + 5 ZrO2 + x TiO2] (x = 8, 6, 4 and 2 wt%) and thoroughly characterized using density measurements, XRD, FTIR, SEM, EDAX, compression tests, 3-point bending, tribological, and hardness tests respectively. Moreover density, crystallite size, percentage of crystallinity, compressive strength, Young's modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, modulus of resilience, modulus of toughness, and brittleness coefficient were determined. Composite contains 5 wt% ZrO2and 2 wt% TiO2referred as ZPT2 exhibited the maximum compressive strength. Additionally, flexural strength and flexural modulus were found to be highest for ZPT2. The friction coefficient and hardness were found to be the lowest for ZPT2. In MTT (3-[4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2, 5- diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay, MG-63 osteoblast cells were exposed to various concentrations (5–30 μg/ml) of the compounds for 24 h. The results indicated that no significant cytotoxicity was observed for ZPT2. According to the results of the dye exclusion experiment, DAPI (4, 6-diamidino-2-phenylindole), and DCFH-DA (2, 7-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate) staining, ZPT2 did not exhibit cellular damage, genotoxicity and reduced ROS (reactive oxygen species) production at lower concentrations. The combined biological results suggest that oral administration of the ZPT2 sample does not exhibit cytotoxicity and genotoxicity that makes it valuable for dentistry. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd and Techna Group S.r.l. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.