Browsing by Author "Trupti Jain"

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Acuity of Dental Undergraduate Students towards Oral Pathology and Microbiology as a Subject and Profession - An Evaluative Study
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2025) Akhilesh Chandra; Trupti Jain; R. Keerthika; Mahesh R. Khairnar; Vineet Chauhan; Rahul Agrawal
Aim and Objectives: Oral Pathology and Microbiology (OPM) is a branch of dentistry; the objectives of it have been underestimated by undergraduate (UG) dental students. Thus, the present study was formulated, which outlines the acuity of UG students toward OPM as subject and career prospects along with its gender‑wise comparison. Material and Methods: An institutional close‑ended questionnaire‑based, cross‑sectional study was conducted among 219 students including BDS IInd year (36), IIIrd year (42), IVth year (93) students and interns (48), aged between 19 and 24 years. The questionnaire comprised 13 questions related to students’ perception of OPM as a subject along with its career practice. Data obtained were analyzed using Chi‑square test (P < 0.05). Statistics and Results: Among all participants, 99 (45%) were males and 120 (55%) were females. On Chi‑square analysis, we found that the majority of interns (87.5%) and 41.7% of Bachelor of Dental Surgery (BDS) IV year opined that the subject was both research‑oriented as well as clinical with a statistically significant difference. Additionally, students from all four years agreed with the affirmation of career opportunities at cancer centres with significant differences and increased propensity for making Oncology Fellowship programs a prerequisite in addition to Master of Dental Surgery (MDS) certification. On gender comparisons, we observed mixed types of results and inconclusive perceptions. Conclusion: The study revealed that students of a higher grade (BDS final year and interns) possess adequate practical knowledge and scope of practice of OPM compared to the lower‑grade (BDS II and III years) UG dental students with a need for workshops and seminars in the future prospectus. © 2025 Indian Journal of Dental Research.
An enigmatic pathogenetic mechanism of hypoxia inducible factor - 1/2 alpha in the progression of fibrosis of oral submucous fibrosis and its malignant transformation: A systematic review and meta-analysis
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Keerthika R; Akhilesh Chandra; Trupti Jain; Neha Singh; Rahul Agrawal
Objective: Oral submucous fibrosis is a frequently reported potentially malignant disorder characterized by fibrosis and a malignant transformation rate of 7–30%. The role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1/2α in malignant transformation mechanisms of oral submucous fibrosis remains uncharted territory owing to a scarcity of studies. Thus the present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to determine the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1/2α in the progression of fibrosis of oral submucous fibrosis and its malignant transformation. Material and methods: Using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases, full-text articles that investigated hypoxia-inducible factor-1/2α in oral submucous fibrosis were entailed for review. A modified Newcastle-Ottawa scale was employed to evaluate risk of bias in all articles and Review Manager was utilized for meta-analysis. Results: Eighteen and eight qualified articles respectively were included for qualitative and quantitative data synthesis. Progressive upregulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1/2α in oral submucous fibrosis is associated with fibrosis-induced carcinogenesis. A Random-effects model uncloaked that oral submucous fibrosis cases with significantly increased expression of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α had an increased associated risk of malignant transformation compared with controls (combined odds ratio 523.83, 95% confidence interval 125.74- 2182.28, p < 0.00001). Conclusion: The existing evidence substantiates the notion that hypoxia-inducible factor-1/2α, a fundamental pathogenetic mechanism of progression and malignant transformation of oral submucous fibrosis in the background of fibrosis. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Chondroblastic Osteosarcoma in an Adolescent: Are Conventional Biopsy Techniques Just Scratching the Surface?
(Springer, 2025) Neeraj Kumar Dhiman; Arjun D. Mahajan; Trupti Jain; Ajit Kumar Vishwakarma; Rahul Agrawal
Osteosarcoma, although the most common malignant bone tumor in long bones, represents only 5–8% of head and neck tumors, making it uncommon for clinicians. Conventional biopsy techniques can complicate diagnosis due to varying tissue representation in surrounding areas. This article discusses a case involving a 19-year-old female who presented with facial swelling and a rapidly growing intraoral mass. Initial panoramic radiography showed localized radio-opacity and root resorption. Incisional biopsies initially suggested diagnoses of ossifying fibroma and fibrous hyperplasia, which did not align with the clinical presentation. Repeat excisional biopsy extending to the periosteum revealed findings consistent with chondroblastic and fibroblastic proliferation, including malignant osteoid and myxomatous stroma, confirming chondroblastic osteosarcoma. The patient subsequently underwent neo-adjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgical resection and radiotherapy. This case underscores the critical importance of timely and accurate diagnosis in osteosarcoma, as delays can significantly impact patient prognosis. The article emphasizes the lessons learned from such experiences in managing this challenging malignancy. © Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2024.
Comparison of haematological and serum lipid profile parameters in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2025) Akhilesh Chandra; Rahul Agrawal; R. Keerthika; Trupti Jain; Mahesh R. Khairnar; Akhilesh Kumar Singh; R. Maheswari
Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is sixth most common cancer in Indian subcontinent with a high morbidity and mortality rate. It is frequently preceded by oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD). Early diagnosis of OSCC might halt the poor prognosis. Therefore, present study was aimed to evaluate the diagnostic significance of preoperative hematological parameters and serum lipid indices in OSCCs and OPMDs. Material and Methods: Study included 75 cases each of OSCC, OPMD, and controls. Mean and standard deviation of various hematological and lipid parameters were evaluated, including: a) RBC metrics: RBC count, hemoglobin (Hb%), hematocrit, MCV, MCH, RDW. b) WBC metrics: WBC count, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, atypical lymphocytes, immature leukocytes count, NLR. c) Platelet metrics: Platelet count, MPV, PDWSD, PCT, PLCR. d) Lipid metrics: Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL, LDL, VLDL, Non-HDL. The parameters were statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Result: Mean values of neutrophil count, immature leucocytic cells, NLR, MPV, PDWSD, PLCR, and VLDL were found to be significantly increased (P < 0.00), while, mean values of RBC count, Hb%, atypical lymphocytes, platelet count and HDL were observed to be significantly decreased (P < 0.05) in OPMD and OSCC groups as compared to control. However, the remaining indices were found to be non-significant. Conclusion: Present study findings corroborate the role of hematological and serum lipid profile parameters in the etiology and progression of OPMDs and OSCCs. This highlights their potential as early diagnostic predictive markers to forecast the occurrence of high-risk OPMD and OSCC cases and also guiding personalized treatment strategies. © 2025 National Journal of Maxillofacial Surgery.
Diagnostic Utility of Cytomorphometric Evaluation of Exfoliated Oral Mucosal Cells in Type II Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
(Springer, 2024) R. Keerthika; Akhilesh Chandra; Mahesh Khairnar; Trupti Jain; Neha Singh; Rahul Agrawal
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the sixth leading cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Early diagnosis and periodic monitoring are mandatory to prevent complications. The custom of noninvasive exfoliative cytology diagnostic technique is the need of the hour in diabetes, where the invasive methods lose viability. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to analyze the cytomorphometric changes in the exfoliated cells of the oral mucosa, as an adjunct to the diagnosis of type II diabetes. A thorough search was made by using PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library databases. Original research articles, that evaluated cytomorphometric parameters (nuclear area, cytoplasmic area, cytoplasmic nuclear ratio) in type II diabetes patients were included in this review. Risk of bias was analysed for each study using Joanna Briggs Institute and Review Manager was used for meta-analysis. All nine subgroups included for qualitative and quantitative data synthesis revealed that there was a significant increase in nuclear area and a decrease in cytoplasmic nuclear ratio in diabetic patients as compared to non-diabetics. Random-effects model also confirmed cytologically altered (nuclear area and cytoplasmic nuclear ratio) parameters to have a significantly increased risk of association with diabetes. Furthermore, these morphometry parameters were also associated with glycemic control and there was no gender disparity among them. Mounting evidence authenticate that cytomorphometric analysis of oral mucosal cells using exfoliative cytology might be aid as an adjunct non-invasive diagnostic tool for type II diabetes. © Association of Otolaryngologists of India 2024.
Oncocytoma of the parotid gland: A rare benign tumour
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Jaya Singh; Akhilesh Chandra; Tumpuri Srilatha; Trupti Jain; Dinesh Raja; Rahul Agrawal
Oncocytomas are one of the infrequent neoplasms seen in the oral cavity accounting for less than 2% of all neoplasms in the oral cavity with less than 1% chance of malignant transformation. They affect the major salivary glands and have a female predilection. The cognisance of the unique clinical and histopathological features is very important to conclude a confirmatory diagnosis. This paper reviews a case of oncocytoma presented in our department and also elucidates the diagnostic criteria for the same. © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Patterns of Oral and Maxillofacial Lesions in Eastern Uttar Pradesh Region: A Retrospective Study
(Springer, 2025) Rahul Agrawal; Akhilesh Chandra; Jaya Singh; Mahesh R. Khairnar; Trupti Jain; Dinesh Raja; Srilatha Tumpuri; Puvvadi G. Naveen Kumar
Background: Oral and maxillofacial lesions (OMFL) consist of a various malignant and benign lesions of the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to report the details of OMFL that had been diagnosed histologically at Oral Pathology Unit of a Dental Institute of eastern UP region. Materials and Methods: Oral cavity biopsied submitted to the Oral Pathology Unit during the period from 2016 to 2021 was evaluated. Information on age, gender, and histopathologic diagnosis was analyzed. Results: A total of 1128 biopsies were examined and analyzed. Reactive lesions were the most common type (n = 267; 23.7%) of lesions diagnosed, and epithelial malignancies (n = 250; 22.2%) were second most common type of lesion followed by cystic lesions (n = 202; 17.92%), epithelial lesions (n = 141; 12.5%), and odontogenic tumors (n = 122; 10.82%). Conclusion: The results provide important information on the prevalence and distribution of OMFL in eastern UP region of India. Reactive lesions were the most common type of OMFL diagnosed. Most of the lesions were soft tissue lesions, inflammatory in origin, and benign in nature. Multicentric studies involving larger sample should be carried out to assess the pattern of oral diseases in our community leading to the overall betterment of our society. © The Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons of India 2022.
Silent intruders: Hematolymphoid neoplasms revealed in the jaws: a series of three cases
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2025) Trupti Jain; Sudeep Kumar; Shivangni Rajoria; R. Keerthika; Akhilesh Chandra; Rahul Agrawal
The head and neck regions, rich in lymph nodes, are common initial sites for nodal and extranodal hematolymphoid neoplasms, particularly B-cell neoplasms. Lymphomas, including Hodgkin’s and non-Hodgkin’s types, range from indolent to aggressive and often affect the oral and maxillofacial areas. Plasma cell neoplasms, such as solitary bone plasmacytoma (SBP) and solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP), must be distinguished from multiple myeloma (MM) due to varied treatment modalities. Diagnosing these neoplasms is challenging, requiring thorough examination. Timely recognition and management of plasma cell tumors in the head and neck, especially SBP, are essential to prevent disease progression. These tumors can mimic other malignancies and indicate early MM, necessitating detailed evaluation. Healthcare providers should be aware of the higher risk of oral NHL in HIV-positive patients and consider NHL in the differential diagnosis of intraoral lesions to improve outcomes. Herein, we present three cases with usual presentations in the oral cavity that resulted in unusual diagnoses. © 2025 Indian Journal of Pathology and Microbiology.
Unravelling the Significance of NLRP3 and IL-β1 in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Potentially Malignant Oral Disorders: A Diagnostic and Prognostic Exploration
(Springer, 2024) Trupti Jain; Akhilesh Chandra; Surendra Pratap Mishra; Mahesh Khairnar; Shivangni Rajoria; R. Maheswari; R. Keerthika; Shivam Tiwari; Rahul Agrawal
Background: Nucleotide-binding domain-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), an inflammasome, is reported to be dysregulated or aberrantly expressed in chronic inflammation, leading to a myriad of inflammatory disorders, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. This study aimed to explore the expression and role of NLRP3 protein and the secreted cytokine IL-β1 in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and potentially malignant oral disorders (PMOD). Material & Methods: Tissue NLRP3 expression was quantified using sandwich ELISA in 30 cases each of OSCC, PMOD, and normal oral mucosa. Serum IL-β1 level was also measured by ELISA to determine their correlation. In surgically treated OSCC cases, pathological parameters such as tumor size, depth of invasion (DOI), pTNM stage, and perineural & lymphovascular invasion were assessed and correlated with NLRP3 & IL-β1 levels to investigate their roles in tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Results: Tissue NLRP3 expression was markedly elevated in OSCC, with significant IL-β1 levels observed in the serum of both OSCC and PMOD cases. Both markers showed a pronounced increase with the severity of dysplasia, indicating a strong association (p = 0.003%). The expression levels of tissue NLRP3 and serum IL-β1 were positively correlated with DOI and tumor size. Furthermore, their elevated levels, alongside higher histological grades, indicate roles in the dedifferentiation and progression of tumor cells. Conclusion: The findings indicated that increased expression of NLRP3 and IL-β1 in PMOD correlates with higher transformation rates, along with tumor progression and dedifferentiation in OSCC. Consequently, these markers hold promise as valuable targets for prognostic assessment, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies in OSCC. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.