Browsing by Author "Tulasi Korra"

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A review on phytotoxicity and defense mechanism of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) on plants
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2023) Sumit Kumar; Prahlad Masurkar; Bana Sravani; Dipanjali Bag; Kamal Ravi Sharma; Prashant Singh; Tulasi Korra; Mukesh Meena; Prashant Swapnil; Vishnu D. Rajput; Tatiana Minkina
Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are noteworthy used nanomaterials in a wide array of fields, particularly in the agricultural sector. Plants play a multifarious role in the ecosystem and provide a source of food for mankind. The responsibility of the scientific community is to recognize the deleterious impact of AgNPs (1–100 nm in size) on critical crop growth and development of plants, which is required for the assessment of environmental threats to plant, human, and animal health. The continued use of AgNPs in agriculture areas may have negative effects on plant biochemical and physiological responses. The current context focused mainly on AgNPs uptake, transport, and accumulation on crop plants and summarizes different levels of phytotoxicity of AgNPs on plant functions and focused on mechanisms of phytotoxicity employed by AgNPs. Moreover, some tolerance mechanisms and various survival strategies developed by plants under AgNPs toxicity are discussed. This background provides comprehensive information necessary to facilitate profound understanding of the toxic impacts of AgNPs on crop plants. © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Core microbiome: Plant growth and development
(wiley, 2022) P. Thirunarayanan; Uday Kumar Thera; Tulasi Korra; V. Manoj Kumar
Many scholars have recognized the benefits of microbes around legume crops and their assistance in the inoculation and development of nodules on their lateral roots. It is a fine-tuned reduction process that converts N2 NH3. Nod factors are a product of Rhizobium spp., which play a vital role in the development of root nodules. Moving to secondary signals like phytohormones will trigger secondary metabolites in roots. These signals fix the symbiotic association and promote nutrients uptake, such as nitrogen and phosphorus and resist biotic and abiotic stresses. However, different signaling pathways can be established for legume-root nodulation. Nodulation genes are helpful in the regulation of proper plant growth and development. Biofertilizers support in the mobilization of nutrients for plant growth and farmers ought to be encouraged in using them to create low environmental impact under the global climate change scenario. © 2022 John Wiley & Sons Ltd. All rights reserved.
Future Directions of IoT-Based Models for Management of Natural Resources
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Tulasi Korra; Angidi Srushtideep; Saurabh Bharati; Surpati Anand; Mallam Udayasri; Oendri Ghosh; Perumal Thirunarayanan
Farmers can boost crop yields, enhance resource management, and support environmental sustainability in natural resources by implementing these cutting-edge technologies. From monitoring and controlling systems to precision irrigation, IoT applications are reshaping agriculture and leading the industry toward a more efficient and sustainable future. To management strategy, IoT plays a crucial role in shaping the future of agriculture by providing innovative solutions for sustainability practices. As more advanced technology develops and integration becomes easier, farmers should expect even better efficiency and precision in managing their natural resources. Natural resource management, including agriculture, water, mining, fishing, land use planning, biodiversity conservation, and sustainability, was dealt with in this book chapter. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Genome-wide association study of lignin trait in elite spring wheat against spot blotch disease
(Academic Press, 2024) Thirunarayanan P; Tulasi Korra; Ram Chandra
Spot blotch disease in wheat is one of major yield-limiting factor in warm humid conditions of South Asia. Developing the disease-resistant variety through molecular methods is an economically and environmentally eco-friendly approach. Diseased wheat leaves associated with lignin content increased by two or three times at 72 h compared with control. The genomic region associated with lignin content was investigated in a set of 289 diverse spring wheat genotypes. The genome - wide association studies panel employed a 90K Illumina SNP array and phenotyped in four environments. The GWAS analysis showed a total of 86 marker-trait associations on 1A, 1B, 2A, 2B, 2D, 3A, 3D, 4A, 5A, 5B, 6A, 6D, 7A, 7B, 7D were linked lignin trait. Insilco analysis revealed that significant SNPs were located on import putative candidate genes thirteen in the Transmembrane domain of the protein-kinase family and were involved in the host-pathogen interaction. The identified significant MTAs for further validation and useful for the wheat breeding programs to develop the spot blotch disease resistance. © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Microalgal based biostimulants as alleviator of biotic and abiotic stresses in crop plants
(Elsevier, 2022) Sumit Kumar; Tulasi Korra; U.B. Singh; Shailendra Singh; Kartikay Bisen
Microalgae or microphytes are microscopic, unicellular organisms present in maritime and freshwater, capable for photosynthesis and produce approximately half of the atmospheric oxygen. Microalgae are gaining the attention of plant growers, agrochemicals businesses and scientists, because they have multifaceted biostimulants properties. Microalgal biostimulants (MBS) have been used in crop plants to enhance crop performance and improved agricultural sustainability. MBS are currently being used in various economically important crop plants by different applications methods like seed priming, foliar application and soil amendment. Application of MBS leads to multiple benefits including improve soil water use efficiency, reinforced rooting system, boost crop quality and mitigation of biotic and abiotic stresses like drought and salt. Microalgal biostimulants are environment friendly, beneficial for ecosystem and reduce the hazardous impact of synthetic chemicals on human, animal and plants health. MBS have multiple strategies to suppression of stresses by the production of phytohormone like compounds. In this chapter, role of microalgal biostimulants emphasizing on stress alleviation activities in plants will be discussed. It would surely helpful to understand plant- microalgal interaction. MBS are unexploited for wide adaptable used in agriculture globally, such study provides deep perception and highlights of the current researches and next generation development priorities. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Multiomics analysis of rhizosphere and plant health
(Elsevier, 2023) Tulasi Korra; Thiru Narayanan Perumal; Uday Kumar Thera
The importance of the rhizosphere has increased over the last century. Primarily bacteria, fungi, and viruses, all of which engage in direct interaction with plants, dominate this intricate biological system. When it comes to the growth of plants, the harvesting of crops, and the maintenance of ecosystems as a whole, and the rhizosphere is an extremely important component. The mechanistic underpinnings of the rhizosphere are poorly understood, which represents a significant lack of knowledge. It impairs our ability to forecast and manipulate the terrestrial biosphere to attain desired results, such as the production of sustainable bioenergy, the maximization of crop yields, and the sequestration of soil-based carbon. The application of multiomics research could be beneficial to the study of the rhizosphere. Analysis can be done on both direct and indirect interactions within the community. Microbiome studies are increasingly employing network models to investigate the microbial communities found in plants and soils. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Pathogenicity and infection behaviour of Exserohilum rostratum on wheat and associated collateral hosts
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Tulasi Korra; Sudhir Navathe; Suma Biradar; Ramesh Chand
Exserohilum leaf spot is a newly arising fungal disease that primarily affects monocots. The isolate collected from diseased wheat leaves produced typical dark brown lesions upon inoculation to healthy plants. Thirty-two plant species of 14 families were evaluated for susceptibility to Exserohilum rostratum as a potential pathogen. The artificial inoculation using detached leaf assay showed symptoms on major cereals like Triticum aestivum, Oryza sativa, Echinochloa esculenta, Panicum miliaceum and Eleusine coracana. The symptoms were reddish-brown in members belonging to Poaceae. Histopathological studies revealed that conidia produce the appressoria within 24 h and penetrate the host through stomata or epidermal cells after germination. Study shows that collateral hosts serve as an infection reservoir, allowing it to survive without its primary host. These secondary hosts aid the pathogen in continuing the infection cycle and spreading the disease. The infections on major cereals like wheat and rice indicate its importance as an emerging plant pathogen. © 2023, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Società Italiana di Patologia Vegetale (S.I.Pa.V.).
Psychrophilic microbes: Biodiversity, beneficial role and improvement of cold stress in crop plants
(Elsevier, 2022) Sumit Kumar; Bana Sravani; Tulasi Korra; Lopamudra Behera; Diptanu Datta; Pushpendra Kumar Dhakad; M.K. Yadav
The beneficial microbes play an important role in farming, medical and industrial processes. The precious microbes belong to varied groups such as archaea, bacteria and fungi which could interact with plant species and also sort out from different habitats like extreme environments (acidic, alkaline, drought, pressure, salinity and temperatures). Structural adaptations like Cell envelope, Cell membrane, Cryoprotection, Heat shock proteins, Cold shock proteins, RNA degradosome, Enzymes, Chaperones and Metabolic processes microbes can tolerate under stress conditions. Psychrophilic microbes lead to a beneficial role in Biological Nitrogen Fixation (BNF), the Solubilization of nutrients and also for antibiotic production like DAPG, HCN, Phenazine, Oligomycin A, Kanosamine, Tensin, Tropolone, Pyrrolnitrin and Zwittermicin will suppress the disease growth. Microorganisms with therapeutic benefits can be used for sustainable agriculture and human health. Sustainable agriculture requires the use of different tactics to boost crop yields and food grain production through the introduction of terms of environmental issues. Psychrophilic plant growth-promoting (PGP) microbes can strongly affect crop growth under chilly environments through biological N2-fixation, siderophore production, hormone-regulating plant growth and antagonism activities © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Role of plant secondary metabolites in defence and transcriptional regulation in response to biotic stress
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Anjali; Sumit Kumar; Tulasi Korra; Rajneesh Thakur; R. Arutselvan; Abhijeet Shankar Kashyap; Yasser Nehela; Victor Chaplygin; Tatiana Minkina; Chetan Keswani
Secondary metabolites in plants have been recognized as a novel basis of potential bio-pesticides, paving the way for their use in sustainable agriculture. Plant secondary metabolites have pivotal roles in plant-pathogen interactions. Some important secondary metabolites of plants are terpenoids, flavanols, flavones, etc., are stress-inducible phytochemicals playing an important role in plant immune response development. Pathogen enters into host cell, multiply and utilise the biological mechanism of plants, causing a hazard to world food assembly. Under stressed circumstances, plants evolve a powerful and intricate system of growth and defensive action. On the other hand, transcription factors (TFs) assist host plants to counter adverse environments by acting as mediators of stress signal and regulating the stress-responsive gene expression. The transcriptional and post-transcriptional manipulation of transcriptional factors is capable of aid in molecular breeding and genetic modification meant for improved secondary metabolite synthesis. Although the presence of numerous secondary metabolites has been established in plant life, very slight is known about their interaction with pathogens and the specific mechanisms involved in leading to plant immunity. Chemical pesticides are wreaking havoc on our environment. As a consequence, environmental-friendly alternatives to disease management, like plant-based metabolites, should be explored. In this appraisal, we have reviewed plant secondary metabolites in relation to pathogens, their contribution to innate immunity, mechanism of action, and regulation of TFs in response to combating plant infections in an eco-friendly approach. © 2023 The Authors
Survival of the Exserohilum rostratum causal leaf spot of wheat and dissemination, infection behaviour from flower-seed-seedlings
(Springer Nature, 2025) Tulasi Korra; Perumal Thirunarayanan; Ram Chandra
The experiment was conducted on the survival of Exserohilum rostratum through different sources i.e. soil, plant debris, and seed and also observed the infection percentage from wheat flower to seed. It was found that the survival of E. rostratum frequency varied in soil from (0.00–29.29%), plant debris (0.97–27.17%) and seed (3.26–24.80%). The maximum temperature, relative humidity (RH, morning), and rainfall were negatively correlated, while the minimum temperature and relative humidity (RH, evening) were positively correlated with the survival of the pathogen. The dissemination infection percentage on the palea in WAMI1 of (63.33%) was higher, followed by Lemma in WAMI 10 (40.74%) and the least transmission in Glume of (29.63%) in both WAMI-8 and WAMI-9, respectively. The seedling infection on susceptible variety showed black spots with blighted appearance lesions on primary leaf and histopathological test conducted on post-anthesis stage. The purpose of the investigation is to understand the survival of the pathogen in the absence of host and floral infection biology. Furthermore, this information is useful for integrated disease control measures in the future. © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt. 2024.
Survival of the Exserohilum rostratum causal leaf spot of wheat and dissemination, infection behaviour from flower-seed-seedlings
(Akademiai Kiado ZRt., 2024) Tulasi Korra; Thirunarayanan P; Ram Chandra
The experiment was conducted on the survival of Exserohilum rostratum through different sources i.e. soil, plant debris, and seed and also observed the infection percentage from wheat flower to seed. It was found that the survival of E. rostratum frequency varied in soil from (0.00–29.29%), plant debris (0.97–27.17%) and seed (3.26–24.80%). The maximum temperature, relative humidity (RH, morning), and rainfall were negatively correlated, while the minimum temperature and relative humidity (RH, evening) were positively correlated with the survival of the pathogen. The dissemination infection percentage on the palea in WAMI1 of (63.33%) was higher, followed by Lemma in WAMI 10 (40.74%) and the least transmission in Glume of (29.63%) in both WAMI-8 and WAMI-9, respectively. The seedling infection on susceptible variety showed black spots with blighted appearance lesions on primary leaf and histopathological test conducted on post-anthesis stage. The purpose of the investigation is to understand the survival of the pathogen in the absence of host and floral infection biology. Furthermore, this information is useful for integrated disease control measures in the future. © Akadémiai Kiadó Zrt. 2024.
Transcription Factors Associated with Defense Response Against Fungal Biotrophs
(Springer International Publishing, 2022) Thirunarayanan Permal; Tulasi Korra; Sushree Suparna Manopatra; K. Manikandan; Jyostrani Prathan
Transcription factors act as transcriptional regulators found exclusive to plants playing a key role in signal transduction pathways. They controlled a wide range of biological functions from receptors to signaling networks of various genes, and also help in crosstalk between stress responses. This chapter’s focus is on the important unregulates and downregulates the defense response to smut, rust, and powdery mildew. This knowledge provides insights to improve resistance of the invading pathogens. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.