Browsing by Author "V.N. Mishra"

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Air-Stable Highly Sensitive Self-Assembled P3HT/GQD Nanocomposite-Based Organic Thin-Film Transistor for Multiparametric H2S Real-Time Detection at Room Temperature
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Ankit Verma; V.N. Mishra; Rajiv Prakash
This article demonstrates the highly selective and responsive room temperature (RT = 25 °C) operated hydrogen sulfide (text{H}_{{2}}text{S} ) gas sensor based on poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT)/graphene quantum dot (GQD) nanocomposite as a sensing surface. The GQD has an average size of 2 nm that is randomly distributed over the P3HT film and enhances the charge transfer mechanism and the surface area/volume ({S}/{V} ) ratio of the sensing surface, which incorporates quick and highly responsive text{H}_{{2}}text{S} sensing. The sensing film has been developed on a SiO2-coated text{p}{++} Si substrate by solution-processed floating-film transfer (FTM) method, and the multiparameters of the fabricated sensor have been investigated with varying text{H}_{{2}}text{S} gas concentrations in the range of 0-25 ppm. To investigate the effect of the GQD in the polymer matrix, the sensing performance of the pristine P3HT-based organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) has been compared to P3HT/GQD nanocomposite-based OTFT. The P3HT/GQD-based OTFT has better sensing responses of 91% at 25 ppm over pristine P3HT-based OTFT 30% at 25 ppm. The enhanced sensing performance of the nanocomposite matrix (P3HT/GQD) is attributed to an improved charge carrier transfer mechanism due to GQD over the pristine P3HT-based OTFT. © 2001-2012 IEEE.
Association of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene rs4680 Polymorphism and Levodopa Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2023) Archana Dwivedi; Nidhi Dwivedi; Anand Kumar; Varun K. Singh; Abhishek Pathak; R.N. Chaurasia; V.N. Mishra; Sujata Mohanty; Deepika Joshi
Introduction: Long-term levodopa therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD) can cause levodopa induced dyskinesia (LID). Genetic predisposition has a significant role to play in inter-individual heterogeneity in the clinical manifestation of LID. Despite accumulating evidence for the role of COMT gene polymorphism (rs4680) as a genetic basis for LID, to date results have been inconsistent. Early assessment of the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) genotype might be helpful to stratify PD patients concerning their individual risk for LID. Method: In this meta-analysis, we have used 9 studies, which were selected through online databases. Statistical analysis was performed using R (v-3.6) software. 5 genetic models have been used in the present study: Allele model (A vs. G), Dominant model (AA+AG vs. GG), Homozygote model (AA vs. GG), Co-dominant/heterozygote model (AG vs. GG), and Recessive model (AA vs. AG + GG). Results: The results indicated a significant association between COMT rs4680 (Val158Met) polymorphism and LID risk. The genotype AA of COMT rs4680 is a risk factor for LID in PD patients under the recessive model (AA vs GG+AG) in the random-effect model. Analysis based on ethnicity showed that COMT rs4680 SNP allele A is a risk factor for LID development in Asian PD patients, while GG genotype is a risk factor for LID development in non-Asian PD patients using different genetic models. Conclusion: The results of the present meta-analysis support that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism is a risk factor for the development of LID in PD patients having ethnic variations. © The Author(s) 2022.
Boron availability in soils and its nutrition of crops under long-term fertility experiments in India
(Elsevier B.V., 2019) Ruma Das; Biswapati Mandal; Dibyendu Sarkar; Amit Kumar Pradhan; Ashim Datta; Dhaneshwar Padhan; Anindita Seth; Rahul Kumar; Nirmal De; V.N. Mishra; K.B. Polara; Sanjay Sharma; N.P. Thakur; Dileep Kachroo; M. Ray; Anil Sharma; K.P. Patel; Lalit Mohan Garnayak; W.N. Narkhede
Using 12 long-term (of 15 to 42 years duration)experiments with different cropping systems under various soils and agro-climatic conditions, we studied how different (inorganic and integrated)nutrient management practices influenced boron (B)availability in soils, and its nutrition of nine crops. To this end, four nutrient management practices viz., NPK (recommended dose of N, P and K), NPK + FYM (farmyard manure), control and fallow, which were common in all the experiments, were selected and their effects on B availability in soils were tested using four commonly used methods viz., hot-CaCl2 (HCC), KH2PO4 (PDP), mannitol-CaCl2 (MCC)and hydrochloric acid (HCl)in relation to B nutrition of wheat, rice, cowpea, sorghum, sesame, mustard, groundnut, soybean and lentil. Amounts of B extracted by the four different methods followed the order HCC = HCl > MCC > PDP across the tested soils. Averaged over the extractants, long-term nutrient management practices with NPK + FYM resulted in 15% increases in available B in soil over the control, which produced 20% increase in plant tissue B concentration. Such increases with integrated (NPK + FYM)nutrient management practices maintained available B in soils and plant tissues above its critical limits that supplied adequate amounts of B for nutrition of all the tested crops grown intensively for so many years. A B balance study in six experimental sites showed a net B accumulation over time as irrigation water contained and supplied (130–296 g B ha−1 year−1)more B than removed by harvested crops. Of the four methods used, HCC was the best for assessment of availability of B in soils under long-term cultivation. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.
Chemical vapor identification by plasma treated thick film tin oxide gas sensor array and pattern recognition
(2011) J.K. Srivastava; Preeti Pandey; Sunil K. Jha; V.N. Mishra; R. Dwivedi
Present study deals the class recognition potential of a four element plasma treated thick film tin oxide gas sensor array exposed with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Methanol, Ethanol and Acetone are selected as target VOCs and exposed on sensor array at different concentration in range from 100-1000 ppm. Sensor array consist of four tin oxide sensors doped with 1-4 % PbO concentrations were fabricated by thick film technology and then treated with oxygen plasma for 5-10 minute durations. Sensor signal is analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA) for visual classification of VOCs. Further output of PCA is used as input for classification of VOCs by four pattern classification techniques as: linear discriminant analysis (LDA), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), back propagation neural network (BPNN) and support vector machine (SVM). All the four classifier results 100 % correct classification rate of VOCs by response analysis of sensor array treated with plasma for 5 minute. © 2011 IFSA.
Comparative study between idiopathic and non-idiopathic dystonia: a prospective observational study
(Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l., 2021) Rupesh Prasad; Anand Kumar; Abhishek Pathak; Varun Kumar Singh; Ashish Verma; R.N. Chaurasia; V.N. Mishra; Deepika Joshi
Background: There are very few studies based on the updated dystonia classification. However, a comparison of the idiopathic and non-idiopathic dystonias based on the newer classification has not been done previously. Objectives: To study and compare the clinicoetiological profile of patients with idiopathic and non-idiopathic dystonia attending a movement disorder clinic of a tertiary care teaching institution. Methods: All the consecutive dystonia patients from October 2017 to September 2019 fulfilling the inclusion criteria were subjected to a detailed clinical evaluation. Investigations were performed as per requirement. Patients were classified according to the consensus update on phenomenology and classification of dystonia. Results: A total of 183 patients with dystonia were included, with 61.7% (113) males and 38.3% (70) females. The idiopathic group revealed a significantly earlier age of onset with cases slightly outnumbering (n = 96/183, 52.5%) the non-idiopathic group (n = 87/183, 47.5%). Focal dystonias were the commonest type in both the idiopathic (n = 58/96, 60.4%) and non-idiopathic groups (n = 30/87, 34.5%), while generalized dystonia accounted for 26.4% (n = 23/87) of the non-idiopathic cases and only 3.1% (n = 3/96) of the idiopathic cases. The majority of idiopathic cases were isolated dystonia (n = 93/96, 96.9%), while all hemidystonias were non-idiopathic. Conclusion: Focal dystonias were the commonest in both idiopathic and non-idiopathic groups, while generalized dystonia was significantly commoner in the non-idiopathic group. Acquired causes like drugs, perinatal insult were the commonest etiology in the non-idiopathic group. Hemidystonia was found exclusively in the non-idiopathic acquired group. © 2021, Fondazione Società Italiana di Neurologia.
Comprehensive evaluation of soil moisture retrieval models under different crop cover types using C-band synthetic aperture radar data
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2019) P. Kumar; R. Prasad; A. Choudhary; D.K. Gupta; V.N. Mishra; A.K. Vishwakarma; A.K. Singh; P.K. Srivastava
In the present study, random forest regression (RFR), support vector regression (SVR) and artificial neural network regression (ANNR) models were evaluated for the retrieval of soil moisture covered by winter wheat, barley and corn crops. SVR with radial basis function kernel was provided the highest adj. R2 (0.95) value for soil moisture retrieval covered by the wheat crop at VV polarization. However, RFR provided the adj. R2 (0.94) value for soil moisture retrieval covered by barley crop at VV polarization using Sentinel-1A satellite data. The adj. R2 (0.94) values were found for the soil moisture covered by corn crop at VV polarization using RFR, SVR linear and radial basis function kernels. The least performance was reported using ANNR model for almost all the crops under investigation. The soil moisture retrieval outcomes were found better at VV polarization in comparison to VH polarization using three different models. © 2018, © 2018 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Crop variables estimation by adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system using bistatic scatterometer data
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2016) D.K. Gupta; R. Prasad; P. Kumar; V.N. Mishra; P.K.S. Dikshit; S.B. Dwivedi; A. Ohri; R.S. Singh; V. Srivastav; Prashant Kumar Srivastava
The aim of present study is to estimate the crop variables by means of high performing technique like adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) using the bistatic scatterometer data. An outdoor 4×4 m2 crop bed of rice crop was prepared for performing all the experiments. The bistatic measurements were carried out over the entire growing stages of the rice crop from transplanting to ripening stage at the angular range of 200 to 700 with the steps 50 at both HH- and VV-polarizations in X-band. The ANFIS algorithm was used for the estimation of rice crop variables. The observed bistatic scattering coefficients and crop variables (biomass, leaf area index, plant height and chlorophyll content) were interpolated with the phenological stages of the rice crop. The 80% data sets were used for training while the remaining 20% were kept separately for the testing purposes. The bistatic scattering coefficients were used as the input data sets and the rice crop variables as the target data sets of fuzzy inference system for both the polarizations. The estimated values were found closer to the observed values of rice crop variables that indicate a satisfactory performance of ANFIS algorithm for estimating rice crop variables. © 2015 IEEE.
Dalit Women’s Narratives on Sexual Violence: Reflections on Indian Society and State
(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2021) Ajit Kumar Pandey; V.N. Mishra
Sexual violence generally leaves a mark on historical records only if such incidents come to trial. Today’s experience suggests that only a fraction of such cases have ever reached the courts in the past; and even in those cases, the evidence that survives is far from the whole story. This neglect reflects the way sexual violence against women has been so easily waved aside, mainly by men, as a marginal event, a private catastrophe doubtless, but one of little historical significance for such criminals have been generally considered as sex maniacs. Also, ingrained misogynistic caricaturing of women has always allowed people to trivialise rape and render it titillating to the pornographic imagination. It is therefore suggested that such stereotypes in turn infect the way men have written history. A major achievement of feminist history, particularly in the post-structuralist debate, has been to end this neglect and challenge this trivialisation. Drawing upon post-structuralist feminists and Indian writings, this study examines sexual violence that forms a common theme in the daily lives of numerous dalit women in India. © 2021 Council for Social Development.
Development of a room temperature sensitive tin oxide based CO gas sensor
(Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers, 2000) Aparna Chaturvedi; V.N. Mishra; R. Dwivedi; S.K. Srivastava
In the present paper, an effort has been made to develop a highly selective room temperature sensitive CO gas sensor using SnO2 as the base material. To achieve this two sensors were fabricated by thick film technology using tin oxide as the base material doped with Pd as the gas sensing material. The fabricated sensors were annealed in oxygen and hydrogen plasma for 15 minutes. The response of the sensors was studied for different concentrations of CO, LPG, CCl4 and C3H7OH. It was found that though both oxygen and hydrogen plasma treated sensors showed a good room temperature sensitivity, the selectivity was extremely poor in case of oxygen plasma. Hydrogen plasma was found to be highly selective towards CO showing a room temperature sensitivity as high as 74%. Also, hydrogen plasma treated sensor is found to reveal a shorter response as well as recovery time.
Effect of processing on the particle size of tin oxide nano-powders
(Springer Science and Business Media, LLC, 2013) Meenakshi Choudhary; Nitish Kumar Singh; R. Dwivedi; V.N. Mishra
Nano sized tin oxide powders have been synthesized via two different chemical routes namely solid-state and sol-gel route for the fabrication of tin oxide gas/odors sensor. The synthesized powders have been characterized by simultaneous thermo gravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG-DTA), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The effect of synthesis routes have been investigated on particle size and morphology of tin oxide powders. Powder XRD patterns show that the synthesized powders have tetragonal (rutile) crystal structure. FESEM of formed thick films reveal that powder prepared by solid-state reaction route is less agglomerated as compared to the powder prepared by sol-gel route. XRD and FESEM indicate that there is the formation of tin oxide nanoparticles in the range of 15-50 nm. FTIR spectrums of synthesized powders show Sn-O or Sn-O-Sn stretching modes and its lattice modes at 615 and 494 cm-1. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.
Erratum: An analytical investigation of the dispersion characteristic of a lightguide with an annular core cross section bounded by two cardioids (Microwave and Optical Technology Letters (1999) 23 (221-224))
(2003) V.N. Mishra; B. Prasad; S.P. Ojha
[No abstract available]
Evaluation of extractability of different extractants for zinc and copper in soils under long-term fertilization
(Institute of Agricultural and Food Information, 2015) Amit Kumar Pradhan; K.S. Beura; R. Das; D. Padhan; G.C. Hazra; B. Mandal; N. De; V.N. Mishra; K.B. Polara; S. Sharma
We aimed to evaluate the extractability of different extractants for zinc (Zn) and copper (Cu) in soils of long-term field experiments covering different agro-ecological zones of India. The relationships between the amounts of Zn and Cu extracted by Mehlich 3, 0.1 mol/L HCl and AB-DTPA (ammonium bicarbonate-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) with those extracted by DTPA, the conventional extraction method widely used in soil testing laboratories in India, were elucidated. The treatments of the long-term experiments included control (no fertilizer), 100% NPK, 50%NPK + 50% N through FYM (farm yard manure) and a fallow soil. Some important physico-chemical properties of soil like pH, organic carbon, textural class, CaCO 3 content, etc. were analyzed. The NPK + FYM treatment was found to be the most effective treatment in terms of increased content of Zn and Cu in soils. The results showed that the amount of Zn and Cu extracted by Mehlich 3 were significantly correlated with that extracted by 0.1 mol/L HCl (r = 0.970** for Zn and r = 0.914** for Cu). Accordingly, Mehlich 3 and 0.1 mol/L HCl could be used effectively for estimating Zn and Cu availability in soils of India. However, Mehlich 3 was superior to all the other extractants used for the study. © 2015, Institute of Agricultural and Food Information. All rights reserved.
Evaluation of the effect of yogic practices on raktagata vata (Essential hypertension)
(Innovare Academics Sciences Pvt. Ltd, 2018) Pradeep Kumar Pal; Neera Saini; V.N. Mishra; H.H. Awasthi
Objective: Essential hypertension is the most frequent kind of hypertension and also known as primary hypertension or idiopathic, affecting 95% of hypertensive patients. This study was conducted to see the effect of Yogic practices as Nadi Shodhana Pranayama (NSP = cleaning of subtle energy channel along with regulation of rhythm of breathing) and Dhyana (meditation) on the symptoms of Raktagata Vata (essential hypertension), blood pressure, and Hamilton’s anxiety rating scale. Methods: This clinical study was conducted on 50 cases of Raktagata Vata, and these were randomly divided into two subgroups: (1) Control and (2) intervention consisting of 25 cases in each subgroup. Yogic practices were done regularly for 3 months by the registered cases in both subgroups. Light medication of first order initially was also prescribed to intervention subgroup. Result: In both subgroups, significant results (p<0.001) were observed and most of the symptoms of Raktagata Vata improved better in the intervention than control subgroup. Significant results (p<0.001) were also observed in blood pressure along with Hamilton’s anxiety scale scoring. Conclusion: Yogic practices impact positive effects on Agya Chakra (hypothalamus-cerebral system), control autonomic nervous system and improve the quality of life of Raktagata Vata patients by improving symptoms and regulating the blood pressure. © 2018 The Authors.
Extractable iron and manganese in soil as influenced by management practices in some long-term experiments of India
(IndianJournals.com, 2018) A.K. Pradhan; K.S. Beura; R. Das; D. Padhan; G.C. Hazra; B. Mandal; N. De; V.N. Mishra; S. Sharma; K.B. Polara
[No abstract available]
Fabrication and Characterization of P3HT/MoS Thin-Film Based Ammonia Sensor Operated at Room Temperature
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2022) Ankit Verma; Praveen Kumar Sahu; Vivek Chaudhary; Arun Kumar Singh; V.N. Mishra; Rajiv Prakash
The composites of polymers and two-dimensional (2D) materials show promising applications in the area of gas sensing. In this work, we report an efficient ammonia gas (NH3) sensor based on poly(3-hexylthiophene)/ molybdenum disulfide (P3HT/MoS2) nanocomposite. The sensing device has been fabricated in bottom-gate top contact organic field-effect transistor (OFET) assembly using P3HT/MoS2 as active channel material. The changes in the electrical response of OFET has been measured and analyzed for various ammonia gas concentration at room temperature. The sensing device in the form of an OFET structure is preferred due to multi-parameter characteristics to explore gas sensing applications. The active sensing layer has been fabricated via a self-assembled, cost-effective floating film transfer (FTM) technique. An optimized uniform sensing film of thickness 25±3 nm is used to analyze the change in the electrical characteristic of the device in terms of I/O characteristics, mobility, threshold voltage, trapped charge density, etc., for various ammonia concentrations. The OFET with nanofiber morphology of mobility 0.147 cm2/V-s shows the threshold voltage of -3.78 V (in the air) and changes to -10.71 V after 100 ppm ammonia gas exposure. The device has shown a limit of detection (LOD) of 904 ppb and a sensing response of 63.45% at 100 ppm ammonia concentration. The extraction of multi-parameter sensing characteristics of the device has been conducted in a closed chamber with an ambient environment. The fabricated sensor is therefore having potential applications in high-performance ammonia sensing applications. © 2001-2012 IEEE.
Genetic Polymorphism in Homocysteine Metabolism
(Springer Singapore, 2022) Rudra P. Ojha; Govind Prasad Dubey; U.P. Shahi; V.N. Mishra; D. Jain; Pradeep Upadhyay
Ample evidence is available to demonstrate genetic polymorphism in homocysteine metabolism. Low folic acid is another cause of hyperhomocysteinemia in both age and sex groups. The present study is based on the evaluation of homocysteine metabolism in different gender. The biochemical variability of homocysteine is responsible for many clinical conditions including the high prevalence of coronary heart disease. The present study has been planned to investigate the role of genetic polymorphism in the prevention and management of coronary artery disease. The study provides a beneficial role in the prevention of CHD in hyperhomocysteinemic cases. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Genetic Susceptibility to Neural Tube Defect (NTD) and Hyperhomocysteinemia
(Springer Singapore, 2022) Govind Prasad Dubey; V.N. Mishra; D. Jain; Sunil Dubey; Rudra P. Ojha
Increased level of homocysteine is typically caused by genetic defect in the enzyme involved in the homocysteine metabolism. Several genetic enzyme defects in methionine synthase (MS), cystathionine beta synthase (CBS), and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) are involved in the genetic defect in both males and females. Neural tube defect is another major cognitive factor of hyperhomocysteinemia. The present study attempted to provide correlation between neural tube defect (NTD) and hyperhomocysteinemia. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
HfLaOxHigh-k Dielectric Based, Fully Solution Processed OFET H2S Gas Sensor at Sub-ppm Regime, Using Photoirradiated-SVA Annealed PCPDTBT/MoS2 Nanocomposite Thin Film
(Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Inc., 2023) Varun Kumar Singh; V.N. Mishra
We have reported a highly efficient, low-voltage, and cost-effective H2S gas sensor utilizing the nanocomposite thin film of conjugated organic polymer Poly[2,6-(4,4-bis-(2-ethylhexyl)-4H-cyclopenta [2,1-b; 3,4- b'] dithiophene)-alt-4,7-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazole)] (PCPDTBT) and inorganic material (MoS2) as an active sensing layer. To enhance the molecular ordering of the polymer chains in a composite solution, a photoirradiation method has been employed. A facile, inexpensive, and solution-processed floating film transfer method (FTM) is used to fabricate the nanocomposite thin film of PCPDTBT/MoS2. Furthermore, the state-of-the-art annealing method known as 'solvent vapor annealing' (SVA) provides improved crystallinity and excellent charge transfer throughout the polymer chain, which substantially enhances the gas sensing performance. High- {k} dielectric film of HfLaOx was deposited using the precursors of Hf and La, and spin coating deposition method. The dielectric film exhibited a smooth, pin-hole free, and uniform nature with a very low rms roughness of 0.18 nm and excellent dielectric properties such as high bandgap (5.2 eV), low leakage current density (100 nA/cm2 at -5 V), and high- {k} (24.8). To evaluate the thin film's electrical and gas detecting capabilities for harmful and dangerous H2S gas, a top contact bottom gate (TCBG) organic field effect transistor (OFET) was fabricated. The device was exceptionally responsive to the presence of hydrogen sulfide gas at concentrations even lower than 1 ppm and operated at room temperature (RT). The developed OFET device exhibits outstanding air stability, excellent response-recovery behavior, outstanding gas response repeatability, and a sensor response of 93.2% at 1 ppm exposure of H2S gas. Response/recovery times are 4/55 s, respectively. © 2001-2012 IEEE.
Homocysteine Determinants as Risk Markers for Neurological Diseases
(Springer Singapore, 2022) Rudra P. Ojha; Govind Prasad Dubey; V.N. Mishra; D. Jain; Sunil Dubey; Rajesh Dubey; Rajesh K. Kesharwani
Elevated level of homocysteine is one of the important risk markers for neurological disorders. Cognitive impairment and increased level of homocysteine are significantly associated with both age and sex groups. It is one of the important markers for neurodegenerative disorders where cognitive decline is present. Several studies have demonstrated that the cognitive decline may be prevented and minimized if the level of homocysteine. Current study is based on human trial of cognitive decline in both age and sex groups. Homocysteine is the most important significant parameter responsible for cognitive decline in both sex groups. Present study is based on evaluation of therapeutic potential of certain plant-based drugs in prevention and management of neurodegenerative disorders. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
Homocysteine Metabolism Pathway Genes and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus/Metabolic Disorders
(Springer Singapore, 2022) Rajesh K. Kesharwani; Govind Prasad Dubey; D. Jain; V.N. Mishra; Rajesh Dubey; Rudra P. Ojha
It became very important to assess the association of gene variants involved in homocysteine metabolism in susceptibility to metabolic disorders particularly type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and other related traits. Whole-body inflammation is the major event of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Those people who are suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus always suffer from the elevated level of cytokines in both age and sex groups. Several risk factors have been identified showing marked elevated levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, and hsCRP. The elevated level of pro-inflammatory cytokines produces high level of all the above inflammatory markers including other biological parameters. The present study is based on the investigation of various pro-inflammatory cytokines in different types of diabetes mellitus. Considering the various factors like age, sex, rural and urbal differences including dyslipidemia have shown strong correlation with hyperhomocysteinemia. The present study is a part of a comprehensive collaborative program between various institutions considering the ethnic variation and biochemical markers. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.