Browsing by Author "V.S. Jaiswal"

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An improved method of proliferation of proembryogenic calli of Mangifera indica L. var. Amrapali for scale-up of somatic embryo production
(2004) Hussain Ara; Uma Jaiswal; V.S. Jaiswal
Rapid enhancement of proliferation of PECs (proembryogenic calli), obtained from the excised nucellus tissue of var. Amrapali, with high efficiency somatic embryo production has been achieved by manipulating the medium with different growth regulators. Among the growth regulators tested, 1. 0 mg/l 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid) and 1.0 mg/l NAA (α-naphthalene acetic acid), either alone or with 1.0 mg/l Kn (kinetin), stimulated proliferation of the PEC in both the liquid and solid medium; although, it was more profuse (<5 times) in the liquid medium. Depending upon the physical state and growth regulator(s) supplemented to the medium, the PECs appeared in three morphotypes. Type-III PEC, which was in the form of fine suspensions of dispersible and highly proliferating single cells and small cell aggregates, showed greater potentially for differentiation of somatic embryos in both states of the medium; however, in liquid medium the globular somatic embryos dedifferentiated and callused soon after their differentiation. In contrast, on the semi-solid medium these globular somatic embryos successfully developed into cotyledonary-stage. Type-III PEC (10 mg) had the capacity to produce up to 350 somatic embryos on semi-solid medium. Such somatic embryos matured and grew into plantlets. The method offers a possibility of rapid multiplication in the mango var. Amrapali.
Biochemical changes in duck weed after cadmium treatment. Enhancement in senescence
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1990) Alaka Srivastava; V.S. Jaiswal
The effect of Cd on biochemical changes in the free floating duck weed (Spirodela polyrrhiza L. SP20) was studied. Cadmium enhanced senescence; enzymes like peroxidase, protease and phosphatases, which are known as a marker of senescence, were increased after Cd treatment. Nitrate reductase activity was also increased. With increasing Cd levels, Ca, Mg, and Zn concentrations in the plant were decreased while the Fe concentration was increased. © 1990 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Biotechnological advances in guava (Psidium guajava L.): Recent developments and prospects for further research
(2010) Manoj K. Rai; Pooja Asthana; V.S. Jaiswal; U. Jaiswal
Guava (Psidium guajava L.), an important fruit crop of several tropical and sub-tropical countries, is facing several agronomic and horticultural problems such as susceptibility to many pathogens, particularly guava wilting caused by Fusarium oxysporium psidii, low fruit growth, short shelf life of fruits, high seed content, and stress sensitivity. Conventional breeding techniques have limited scope in improvement of guava owing to long juvenile period, self incompatibility, and heterozygous nature. Conventional propagation methods, i.e., cutting, grafting or stool layering, for improvement of guava already exist, but the long juvenile period has made them time consuming and cumbersome. Several biotechnological approaches such as genetic transformation may be effective practical solutions for such problems and improvement of guava. The improvement of fruit trees through genetic transformation requires an efficient regeneration system. During the past 2-3 decades, different approaches have been made for in vitro propagation of guava. An overview on the in vitro regeneration of guava via organogenesis, somatic embryogenesis, and synthetic seeds is presented. Organogenesis in several different genotypes through various explant selection from mature tree and seedling plants has been achieved. Factors affecting somatic embryogenesis in guava have been reviewed. Production of synthetic seeds using embryogenic propagules, i.e., somatic embryos and non-embryogenic vegetative propagules, i.e., shoot tips and nodal segments have also been achieved. Development of synthetic seed in guava may be applicable for propagation, short-term storage, and germplasm exchange, and distribution. An initial attempt for genetic transformation has also been reported. The purpose of this review is to focus upon the current information on in vitro propagation and biotechnological advances made in guava. © Springer-Verlag 2009.
Clonal Multiplication of Woody Perennials
(1990) K. Paranjothy; S. Saxena; M. Banerjee; V.S. Jaiswal; S.S. Bhojwani
[No abstract available]
Effect of ABA and sucrose on germination of encapsulated somatic embryos of guava (Psidium guajava L.)
(2008) Manoj K. Rai; V.S. Jaiswal; U. Jaiswal
Present study demonstrates the effect of sucrose and ABA on germination of encapsulated somatic embryos of guava (Psidium guajava L.). Sucrose and ABA at different concentrations were also evaluated for their effects on maturation and germination of somatic embryos. Mature somatic embryos developed on MS medium containing high concentration of sucrose (10%) or ABA (1.0 mg l-1) showed inhibition in germination if they continued to be in same medium for 4 weeks. With increasing concentrations of sucrose (3-9%) or ABA (0.01-1.0 mg l-1) in medium, percent germination of encapsulated somatic embryos decreased significantly. Encapsulated somatic embryos after storage on MS medium supplemented with 9% sucrose or 1 mg l-1 ABA for different duration (0-60 days) germinated when they were transferred to medium containing 3% sucrose. About 20.8% and 37.5% encapsulated somatic embryos germinated after storage on ABA (1 mg l-1) or sucrose (9%) for 60 days, respectively. Temporarily suppression in germination of encapsulated somatic embryos by high concentration of sucrose or ABA may be important for short-term conservation of elite genotype of guava. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Effect of Cadmium on Turion Formation and Germination of Spirodela polyrrhiza L.
(1989) Alaka Srivastava; V.S. Jaiswal
Effect of cadmium on turion formation and germination of Spirodela polyrrhiza L. (SP20) was studied. Cadmium inhibited the general growth of the plants but induced and stimulated turion formation. In control media, plants could produce turions after about 30 days of inoculation, in the presence of 10mg1-1 of Cd, turion formation started even after 10 days of exposure. However cadmium inhibited the general germination rate of turions. © 1989, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart. All rights reserved.
Effect of selected amino acids and polyethylene glycol on maturation and germination of somatic embryos of guava (Psidium guajava L.)
(2009) Manoj K. Rai; V.S. Jaiswal; U. Jaiswal
Two selected amino acids (l-glutamine and l-proline) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were evaluated for their effects on maturation and germination of somatic embryos in guava (Psidium guajava L.) cv. Banarasi local. Among the treatments of two amino acids (l-glutamine and l-proline) and PEG tested, 0.87 mM l-proline was most effective for maturation of somatic embryos. As compared to control, supplementation of PEG (1.0% or 2.0%) in maturation media showed significantly better maturation (increased maturation frequency). Lower stage somatic embryos showed prematuration germination with development of abnormal plantlets and only mature somatic embryos produced morphologically normal plantlets. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Encapsulation of shoot tips of guava (Psidium guajava L.) for short-term storage and germplasm exchange
(2008) Manoj K. Rai; V.S. Jaiswal; U. Jaiswal
Shoot tips obtained from in vitro grown plantlets of guava (Psidium guajava L.) were encapsulated in calcium alginate beads for short-term storage and germplasm exchange. A gelling matrix of 3% sodium alginate and 100 mM calcium chloride was found most suitable for formation of ideal calcium alginate beads. Maximum percent response for conversion of encapsulated shoot tips into plantlets was obtained on growth regulator free full strength liquid MS medium. The regrowth ability of encapsulated shoot tips was affected by medium strength and sucrose concentrations in the medium. Encapsulated shoot tips could be stored at low temperature (4 °C) up to 30 days with a survival frequency of 25%. After 60 days of storage under minimal growth conditions (sucrose lacking medium), about 75% encapsulated shoot tips were converted into plantlets when subcultured on 3% sucrose containing medium. Plantlets regenerated from encapsulated shoot tips were acclimatized successfully. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Germination and plantlet regeneration from encapsulated somatic embryos of mango (Mangifera indica L.)
(Springer Verlag, 1999) H. Ara; U. Jaiswal; V.S. Jaiswal
Cotyledonary-stage somatic embryos (3-5 mm in length) originating from nucellar explants of Mangifera indica L. cv. Amrapali were encapsulated individually in 2% alginate gel. The encapsulated somatic embryos (ESEs) germinated successfully on 0.6% agar-gelled medium containing B5 macrosalts (half strength), Murashige and Skoog microsalts (full strength), 3% sucrose and 2.9 μM gibberellic acid. The percentage of germination of ESEs was higher than that of naked somatic embryos of the same size on the same medium. The germinability of ESEs was increased (73.61±7.08%) when the medium was supplemented with full-strength B5 macrosalts. Of the germinating ESEs, 45.83±3.40% developed into plantlets. Abscisic acid at 0.004 and 0.02 μM had no significant influence on germination and plantlet development, but caused a 3-week delay in germination. Well-developed plantlets regenerated from ESEs have been successfully established in soil.
In vitro plantlets from alginate-encapsulated shoot tips of Solanum nigrum L.
(2010) Satish K. Verma; Manoj K. Rai; Pooja Asthana; V.S. Jaiswal; U. Jaiswal
Shoot tip explants obtained from in vitro proliferated shoots were encapsulated in 3% sodium alginate and 100 mM calcium chloride for the production of synthetic seed in Solanum nigrum L., a medicinally important plant. Morphogenic responses of encapsulated shoot tips to various sowing media (full or half-strength 0.8% agar-solidified or liquid MS medium or full-strength MS medium containing BAP) were evaluated in vitro. Of the six media evaluated, maximum conversion was obtained on 0.8% agar-solidified growth regulator free full-strength MS medium. The addition of MS nutrients in alginate matrix had a pronounced effect on the length of shoots that emerged from alginate beads. Encapsulated shoot tips also converted when directly sown in sterile soil moistened with liquid MS medium. Encapsulated shoot tips could be stored at low temperature (4 °C) up to 60 days. Plantlets regenerated from encapsulated shoot tips were acclimatized successfully. © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
In Vitro Propagation of Guava from Shoot Cultures of Mature Trees
(1987) V.S. Jaiswal; M.N. Amin
Studies on the in vitro propagation of Psidium guajava L. demonstrate that shoot tip explants from mature trees are capable of forming multiple shoots. Proliferation of shoot tip was obtained on MS basal medium containing different combinations and concentrations of auxins and cytokinins. However, highest number of shoots per explant was obtained from cultures grown on medium supplemented with 1 mg l-1 BAP only. Rooting was achieved by transferring the individual shoots to 1/2 strength MS medium having 0.1-0.5 mg 1-1 IBA and NAA. About 80% shoots rooted well when medium was supplemented with IBA and NAA (0.2 mg 1-1 each) together. Addition of activated charcoal showed beneficial effects on rooting percentages and plantlet growth. Plantlets were acclimated and successfully established in soil. © 1987, Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart. All rights reserved.
In vitro regeneration and improvement in tropical fruit trees: An assessment
(Springer Netherlands, 2005) Madhulika Singh; Uma Jaiswal; V.S. Jaiswal
In vitro regeneration protocol has been developed for many tropical fruit trees by using juvenile as well as mature explants. Regeneration via somatic embryogenesis have been obtained in a number of cases e.g., while in citrus, sugar apple and papaya, etc. induction of androgenic haploids are successful, in guava and feijoa only callus results in anther cultures. Somaclones have helped in the selection of seedless Musa. Synthetic seed technology has aided in raising plantlets from encapsulated embryos of guava, mango, papaya, etc. Gene transfer techniques can further prove to be useful in the improvement of varieties. © 2005 Springer Science + Business Media, Inc. All rights reserved.
In vitro response of apical bud explants from mature trees of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus)
(Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1993) M.N. Amin; V.S. Jaiswal
A tissue culture technique for rapid vegetative propagation of mature jackfruit trees using apical bud cultures has been developed. Shoot-tip cultures were established on MS medium with 5-10 mm explants dissected from terminal buds of new growth from trunk. After initial culture of bud explants, one- to two-node pieces were taken from the microshoots formed and used to proliferate further axillary shoots for multiplying and maintaining shoot cultures. Benzyladenine and kinetin (4.5-9.0 μM), either separately or together, supported shoot proliferation; higher concentrations of the cytokinins inhibited bud breaking and favoured callus formation at the explant bases. Bud explants taken from emerging trunk sprouts invariably produced clumps of multiple shoots, whereas buds obtained from actively growing top branches generally elongated to form a solitary shoot. November to January was the best season for initiation of cultures from field-grown trees. Shoots proliferated at the initial subcultures had mature morphology and were difficult-to-root. Shoots assumed to be juvenile-like developed at the later passages and could be rooted with 60-80% success using 1/2-MS salts and 10 μM of indolebutyric acid or naphthaleneacetic acid. Regenerated plantlets were transferred to the soil and about 50% survived. © 1993 Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Induction of male inflorescences on the female plants of Morus nigra L. by GA3
(1980) V.S. Jaiswal; A. Kumar
[No abstract available]
INDUCTION OF POLLEN EMBRYOIDS IN SOLANUM TORVUM SWARTZ
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 1981) V.S. Jaiswal; Pratap Narayan
[No abstract available]
Induction of somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration from leaf callus of Terminalia arjuna Bedd.
(1998) Nishi Kumari; Uma Jaiswal; V.S. Jaiswal
A protocol for effective plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis has been developed for Terminalia arjuna Bedd. Calluses were initiated from leaves of mature trees on Murashige and Skoog's medium (MS) supplemented with 5 mg l-1 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 0.01 mg l-1 kinetin, 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar. The calli showed differentiation of globular structures when transferred to the MS basal medium. Globular structures enlarged and produced secondary globular structures and/or somatic embryos. Continued production of globular structures, their differentiation into embryos and germination of embryos occurred on the MS medium with 3% sucrose and 0.8% agar. The plantlets were hardened and transferred to the soil. Such in vitro raised plants showed luxuriant growth in field condition.
Micropropagation of Sapindus trifoliatus L. and assessment of genetic fidelity of micropropagated plants using RAPD analysis
(2011) Pooja Asthana; V.S. Jaiswal; Uma Jaiswal
An efficient in vitro propagation system has been developed for rapid micropropagation of Soapnut (Sapindus trifoliatus Linn.), a medicinally and economically important tree from nodal (axillary bud) segments of seedlings. The frequency of shoot regeneration from seedling node explant was influenced by the age of the seedlings, growth regulators and successive transfer of the mother explant. Explants from 4-week-old seedlings yielded the maximum shoot regeneration frequency (97. 22%) on full-strength MS medium supplemented with 1. 0 mg l-1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). After harvesting the newly formed shoots, the mother explants transferred to same medium subsequently produced a maximum of 5. 16 shoots per explant after third passage. Further improvement in the morphogenic response occurred when the nodal explants excised from in vitro regenerated shoots were employed, and 6. 89 shoots per explant were obtained on the same medium after the third subculture. Optimal rooting (91. 67%) was obtained by placing the micro-shoots in liquid MS medium with 1. 0 mg l-1 IBA for 24 h and then transferring to the agar solidified MS medium devoid of IBA. The micropropagated shoots with well-developed roots were acclimatized and successfully transplanted to soil with 90% survival rate. Genetic stability of the regenerated plants was assessed using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). The amplification products were monomorphic in micropropagated plants and similar to those of mother plant. No polymorphism was detected revealing the genetic integrity of micropropagated plants. This is the first report of an efficient protocol for regeneration of S. trifoliatus through organogenesis, which can be applied for further genetic transformation assays and pharmaceutical purposes. © 2011 Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków.
Micropropagation of Terminalia arjuna Roxb. from cotyledonary nodes
(2002) Seema Pandey; V.S. Jaiswal
Cotyledonary node explants excised from 21 day old seedlings of T. arjuna produced multiple shoots when cultured on full strength MS or modified MS (1/2 strength major salts and Fe-EDTA) medium supplemented with different concentrations (0.1-1.0 mg/l) of BAP. Maximum 8.9 shoots/explant could be recorded after 30 days of inoculation on modified MS medium supplemented with BAP (0.5mg/l). A proliferating shoot culture was established by reculturing the original cotyledonary nodes (2-3 times) on shoot multiplication medium after each harvest of the newly formed shoots. Shoots (each having 2-3 nodes/shoot) thus obtained were also used as a source of nodal explant that gave rise to 1-2 shoots when cultured on modified MS+BAP (0.5mg/l) medium. Thus, 45-55 shoots could be obtained after 60 days of culture initiation from a single cotyledonary node. About 88% shoots rooted well after 15 hr pulse treatment with IBA (1 mg/l) in liquid MS medium followed by transfer to modified MS medium without IBA. About 80% of these plantlets were successfully acclimatized in plastic pots containing sand and soil mixture and 70% plantlets transferred in the field those survived even after 6 months of transplantation.
Modification of sex-expression and fruit-formation on male plants of Morus nigra L. by chlorflurenol
(1981) V.S. Jaiswal; Aravind Kumar
Chlorflurenol (2-Chloro-9-hydroxyfluorono-9-carboxylic acid) applied at 50, 100 and 200 ppm to male plants of Morus nigra produced intersex and female flowers. Various transitional stages of male floral primordia into intersex and female flowers were observed. However, the fruits formed by inflorescences with such flowers were abnormal in shape, size and appearance. Frequent drying of inflorescences and fruits occurred at higher concentrations and, as a result, only a few fruits ripened. © 1981 Indian Academy of Sciences.
Plant regeneration from alginate-encapsulated shoot tips of Spilanthes acmella (L.) Murr., a medicinally important and herbal pesticidal plant species
(2009) Shashi Kant Singh; Manoj K. Rai; Pooja Asthana; Sarita Pandey; V.S. Jaiswal; U. Jaiswal
This article demonstrates the plantlet regeneration from alginate-encapsulated shoot tips of Spilanthes acmella. Shoot tip explants excised from in vitro proliferated shoots were encapsulated in calcium alginate beads. The best gel complexation for encapsulation of shoot tips was achieved using 3% sodium alginate and 100 mM calcium chloride. Maximum percent response for the conversion of encapsulated shoot tips into plantlets was obtained on growth regulator-free full-strength liquid MS (Murashige and Skoog, Physiol Plant 15:473-497, 1962) medium. The addition of MS nutrients in alginate matrix was found to have pronounced effect on shoot and root emergence from alginate beads. Encapsulated shoot tips could be stored at low temperature (4°C) up to 60 days. Plantlets regenerated from encapsulated shoot tips were acclimatized successfully. The present synthetic seed technology could be useful in large-scale propagation as well as short-term conservation and germplasm distribution and exchange of Spilanthes acmella. © 2008 Franciszek Górski Institute of Plant Physiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków.