Browsing by Author "Vinod Kumar Yadav"

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Characterization of Allium germplasms for conservation and sustainable management using SSR markers
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2019) Kuldip Jayaswall; Abhishek Bhandawat; Himanshu Sharma; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Vijay Mahajan; Major Singh
Allium species are very important due to their medicinal values. Quercetin and allicin are medicinally important compound of onion and garlic, respectively which are proved useful to treat various diseases. However, highly heterozygous nature, self-incompatibility and long gestation period limits genetic improvement of Allium species. Further, the existing germplasms in Indian subcontinents are largely cultivated ones with poor genetic characterization, which limits the germplasm conservation and future management. A total of thirty polymorphic Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) were utilized for characterisation of popular onion germplasms and their cross-transferability revealed relatedness with fifteen garlic and wild relatives. Average number of alleles per SSR locus, PIC and heterozygosity was found to be 3.9, 0.51 and 0.57,respectively.Overall genetic diversity recorded was higher in wild relative compared to cultivated A. cepa, possibly because most of the A. cepa variety is derived by domestication but wild relatives are open pollinated and undergoes extensive gene pool shuffling leading to higher heterogeneity. In this study, SSR markers were successfully utilized to assess genetic variations in popular Indian A. cepa, A. sativum and establish genetic relationships with wild Allium species. These markers can be harnessed for molecular breeding, varietal identification and planning germplasm conservation strategies in future. © 2019, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.
Current challenges and solutions for sustainability of Farmers Producer Organisations through grassroots organisational ecosystem
(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2025) Anirban Mukherjee; Shubhadeep Roy; Kausik Pradhan; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Kumari Shubha; Dhiraj Kumar Singh; Shreya Anand; Sukanya Barua; Shantanu Rakshit; R. K. Raman; Ujjwal Kumar; Banda Sainath; Ajeet Kumar Pal; Anup Das
India’s agricultural landscape is largely dominated by marginal and small farmers, who constitute approximately 67% and 18% of the total farming community respectively. This translates to a staggering 92 million marginal farmers with less than 0.40 hectares of land and 24 million small farmers with an average landholding of 1.42 hectares. Despite their higher productivity compared to large farmers, these smallholders face significant resource constraints and market challenges. While the formation of Farmers Producer Organisations (FPOs) has partially addressed these issues, newly established FPOs continue to encounter significant sustainability challenges. These include limited volumes, low capital, low member engagement and a subsidy-oriented rather than market-oriented approach. The present article identifies critical challenges such as limited capital, low member engagement and a predominant subsidy orientation. Currently, over 8875 FPOs are registered nationwide, but only 16–30% are sustainable. A significant issue is the inability of the majority of FPOs to raise more sizable amount of paid-up capital, highlighting the urgent need for a robust grassroots organisational ecosystem. This study proposes an eight-component ecosystem model for FPO sustainability, encompassing market, policy, infrastructure, services, inputs, HRD, finance and innovation. This model aims to create a comprehensive support structure for FPOs, facilitating better market access, financial resources, member participation and innovative practices. The implementation of this model, along with suggestive measures for strengthening FPOs, is crucial for their long-term viability in India’s evolving agricultural sector. © (2025), (Indian Academy of Sciences). All rights reserved.
Determination of proper gamma radiation dose for creating variation in indian garlic varieties
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2019) Ashwini P Benke; Somnath Dukare; Kuldip Jayaswall; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Major Singh
Garlic (Allium sativum L.) an important neutraceutical crop. It is used as traditional medicine to aid digestion, respiration, parasitic infestation and to treat leprosy and various other diseases. But biologically garlic is sterile in nature hence for creating variation; traditional breeding methods are not applicable. Further clonal propagation method leads garlic more prone for various seed and soil borne diseases including virus infection. And natural genetic variation in morphological as well as biochemical traits is limited in garlic. Considering this is in view, among various methods of creating variation, treating bulbs with radiation is simple and easy technique. Main activity of mutation breeding using gamma radiation is to determine optimum dose (LD-50). Hence in present experiment, two garlic varieties were subjected to gamma radiation treatments (0, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100 gray). Aim of this experiment is to identify LD-50 dose and then generate variation in garlic like increase in bulb size, bulb shape, high neutraceutical compounds like allicin etc. In results, both treated varieties recorded 50 percent germination at dose 10 grays as LD-50. Further on basis of survival of plantlets and final matured plants count, optimum gamma radiation dose of 5 gray for Bhima Omkar and in between 5 to 10 gray for Bhima Purple is identified as LD-50 respectively. In case of Bhima Purple, there is further need to screen the population for exact dose value of LD-50. All other morphological traits in both varieties recorded decreasing trend with increase in radiation doses. However no significant alterations observed visually in any treatment. This optimized radiation dose will be helpful for subjecting other genotypes for getting mutants and generating diversity in garlic which may have high neutracutical compounds and would suitable for processing and export. © 2019, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All right reserved.
Development of intron length polymorphic (ILP) markers in onion (Allium cepa L.), and their cross-species transferability in garlic (A. sativum L.) and wild relatives
(Springer Netherlands, 2019) Kuldip Jayaswall; Himanshu Sharma; Abhishek Bhandawat; Ram Sagar; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Vikas Sharma; Vijay Mahajan; Joy Roy; Major Singh
Onion (Allium cepa L.) is a popular spice and a plant of high medicinal value. Conventional breeding and genetic improvement efforts were largely limited due to self-incompatibility and heterozygosity. Recently, marker assisted breeding has significantly reduced time and labour in developing elite varieties. But very limited polymorphic and cross-transferable markers are available in onion. There is an urgent need to develop polymorphic markers in Allium to expedite and introgress desirable traits from wild relatives (which are rich bioresource of various biotic and abiotic resistance genes) to A. cepa. Considering limited availability of reliable molecular markers in Allium and wild relatives, in current study, 20,204 ESTs (3750 contigs and 8364 singletons), of A. cepa were successfully utilized for identification of over 2689 intron length polymorphic (ILP) markers. A set of 30 markers was tested for polymorphism in onion and cross-transferability in garlic and related wild species. Among these, eighteen markers amplified at least one of the accessions of A. cepa. Transferability of these ILP markers was ranged from 21.7 to 95.7% in Allium spp. Low level of polymorphism in A. cepa compared to wild Allium species is reported. Based on the Jaccard dissimilarity matrix, a neighbour-joining tree was constructed, which clustered all the 23 varieties/accessions under three groups. All the varieties of A. cepa were clearly clustered separately under group I. However, there was intermixing of varieties/accessions of A. sativum L. and wild relatives, which may possibly be due to less number of markers validated for cross-transferability. In future, larger set of markers will be used to resolve the genetic variations among wild varieties and A. sativum These 18 polymorphic ILP markers could be utilised for diversity characterization of Allium spp., varietal identification, mapping of genes and introgression of desirable traits from wild relatives. © 2019, Springer Nature B.V.
Ethnobotanical knowledge and socioeconomic potential of honey wine in the horn of Africa
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2019) Anurag Dhyani; Kamal C. Semwal; Yishak Gebrekidan; Meheretu Yonas; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Pratibha Chaturvedi
The traditional honey wine is a ceremonial drink made locally in Ethiopia and Eritrea. The drink is known as Tej in Amharic (a widely spoken language in Ethiopia) and Mess in Tigrigna (a widely spoken language in Eritrea). It is consumed mostly during social and religious ceremonies, albeit sold in honey wine bars. It is easy to prepare with varied tastes by local people from its main components; honey, chopped stems of Rhamnus prinoides or roots of R. staddo and water. Honey and the shrubs used for the preparation of the wine are recognized for their medicinal importance worldwide. Particularly, after the isolation of geshoidin, a bitter glycoside from R. prinoides, that is currently being investigated for its role in providing novel-pharmacological leads for Alzheimer’s treatment. On the other hand, R. staddo has been investigated for potential antimalarial candidate. These with other beneficial metabolites from the shrubs call for a wider investigation into the medicinal benefits of the honey wine. Furthermore, considering its declining consumption, limited efforts to preserve the indigenous knowledge of preparing the drink and lack of adequate promotion, further research is needed to lead into the sustainability of drink for generations and its global usage. © 2019, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.
Fingerprinting of Sahaj Vati, additive for natural lovastatin production
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, 2022) Kapil Deo Yadav; Abhishek Kumar Dwivedy; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Nawal Kishor Dubey; Anand Kumar Chaudhary
The lovastatin has been used in hypercholesterolemia and heart diseases for therapeutic as well as preventative purposes and it is naturally obtained from filamentous fungi such as Aspergillus through biotechnological approach. The additives in fungal media which enhances the fungal growth should also increase the production of lovastatin. Finger printing of Sahaj Vati, a herbo-mineral formulation comprising mixture of Plumbago zeylanica, Curcuma longa, Shilajeet, Commiphora mukul and Clerodendrum phlomidis powder to be added in medium for fungal growth. The fungal growth activity of both batches of Sahaj Vati was tested for fungal isolate of A. flavus by contact measure through hyphal development restraint test utilizing Potato dextrose agar (PDA) and SMKY medium followed by chromatographic and different techniques for standardization. Sahaj Vati has lower antifungal index & increased the fungal biomass and separation of compound was higher in mobile phase Benzene: Ethyl acetate: Pyridine: 5:4.9:0.1 & Hexane: Chloroform: Pyridine: 2.7:1. Sahaj Vati increased the growth and biomass of A. flauvs which may be used for natural production of lovastatin. © 2022, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources. All rights reserved.
Impact of rainfall variability on the ecophysiology of Hyptis suaveolens: a study in the constructed tropical grassland
(Springer, 2020) Talat Afreen; Vartika Singh; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Rahul Prasad Singh; Hema Singh
Hyptis suaveolens is considered one of the most potent invaders in the eastern part of Uttar Pradesh, India. Climate change especially precipitation variability along with invasion has enormous consequences. To understand how an invasive plant (H. suaveolens) performs and interacts with precipitation variability, particularly in tropical monsoon climate, is vital. To assess the above, three rainout shelters with simulated rainfall of 1600 mm (60% more rainfall than ambient), 1100 mm (average rainfall) and 800 mm (20% less rainfall than ambient) along with one unsheltered plot (open C) were established. Three invaded grassland (IG) and three uninvaded grasslands (NIG) patches of 1 × 1 m2 size were established randomly in each sheltered and unsheltered plot. Among the studied physiological properties and growth measurements, photosynthetic rate, height, diameter and biomass varied significantly with precipitation, in general, the maximum value of these in plots receiving maximum precipitation. Also, the aboveground biomass of H. suaveolens was found to be more sensitive towards precipitation treatment than belowground biomass. H. suaveolens biomass was linearly related to soil moisture (R2 = 0.73), and a linear combination of SM and soil pH increased the R2 value by 19%. The results indicate that H. suaveolens mediates certain soil properties especially related to N-mineralisation, to maintain a constant supply of nutrient, for faster growth under the favourable condition of enhanced precipitation. These findings suggest that the population of H. suaveolens has not evolved drought tolerance, so it is likely that H. suaveolens will not spread in the part of the world which is drier either naturally or due to climate change. © 2020, Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Linkage analysis for drought tolerance in kharif rice of assam using microsatellite markers
(National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR), 2019) J.P. Sahoo; Vinay Sharma; Rahul K. Verma; S.K. Chetia; A.R. Baruah; M.K. Modi; Vinod Kumar Yadav
Drought stress in rainfed ecosystem significantly limits the production of Ranjit, the most predominant high yielding rice variety of Assam. A mapping population comprising 85 F 4 individuals between Ranjit and a drought tolerant cultivar, ARC10372 was developed and genotyped with 80 microsatellite markers in order to understand the genetic basis of drought tolerance. The linkage map constructed based on a framework linkage map using these markers showed that the marker loci were distributed across 12 chromosomes spanning a distance of 273.4 cM with an average interval of 3.41 cM between marker loci. Most of the marker loci were found to be in good fit with the expected Mendelian segregation ratio; however, thirteen marker loci in total showed segregation distortion on six chromosomes. The linkage map generated in the study will facilitate mapping of quantitative trait loci imparting drought tolerance in rice of Assam and their map-based cloning. © 2019, National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources (NISCAIR). All rights reserved.
Organotin (2-amino-4-fluorobenzoates): Synthesis, characterization, DFT studies, DNA interaction and cleavage studies
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Vinod Kumar Yadav; Sandeep Pokharia; Mala Nath
Synthesis of organotin(IV) complexes of 2-amino-4-fluorobenzoic acid (AFA), namely C16H16F2N2O4Sn (1), C22H28F2N2O4Sn (2), C10H14FNO2Sn (3), and C25H20FNO2Sn (4), have been accomplished, and all complexes 1–4 have been characterized using various spectroscopic and analytical techniques, viz. FT–IR and NMR spectroscopy (1H, 13C and 119Sn), ESI–mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. DFT calculations revealed that complexes 1 and 2 exhibited bicapped tetrahedral geometry, while 3 and 4 exhibited distorted tetrahedral environments around tin. Intrinsic binding constants (Kb ≈ 105 M−1) for AFA and complexes 1–4 have been determined by performing UV–vis spectral titration with Calf thymus-DNA (CT-DNA). Further, AFA and complexes 1–4 are luminescent with Kb values of the order of 104 M−1. A significant shift is observed in the circular dichroism (CD) spectra of CT-DNA in the presence of AFA and organotin(IV) complexes 1–4. Based on the UV–vis, fluorescence, and CD studies, it is concluded that AFA and it's all complexes 1–4 may interact with CT-DNA by minor/major groove binding or electrostatic interaction. Interestingly, triorganotin(IV) complexes 3 and 4 more efficiently cleave the supercoiled form (SC, I) into linear form (L, III) along with the nicked form (NC, II) as compared to complexes 1 and 2, and AFA. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Pd(II) catalyzed transformation of Schiff bases in complexes of the type trans-[PdCl 2(NH 2Ar-X) 2] (X = H, CH 3, Cl): Reactivity with aldehydes and Heck coupling reaction
(2012) Niraj Kumari; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Stanislav Záliš; Lallan Mishra
Schiff bases of type (R-Ph-N=CH-Ph-CH=N-Ph-R), where, R = H (L 1), CH 3 (L 2) and Cl (L 3), in presence of cis-[Pd(en)Cl 2] or [Pd(DMSO) 2Cl 2] (en = 1,2-diaminoethane, DMSO = dimethylsulphoxide) give trans-[PdCl 2(NH 2Ph) 2] (1), trans-[PdCl 2(NH 2PhCH 3) 2] (2) and trans-[PdCl 2(NH 2PhCl) 2] (3). The complexes are characterized using spectroscopic (IR, UV-vis and NMR) and X-diffraction techniques. The H-bonding interaction generates multinuclear supramolecular structure in complex (2) and (3). Complex (1) on reaction with benzaldehyde, salicylaldehyde and 4-carboxybenzaldehyde yields complexes of the type [PdCl 2(PhN=CHPh) 2] (4), [Pd(PhN=CHPhO) 2] (5) and [PdCl 2(PhN=CHPhCOOH) 2] (6) respectively. The structures have been optimized using density functional theory at B3LYP level. Heck coupling reactions of bromobenzene with acrylonitrile and bromobenzene with ethyl acrylate in the presence of complexes (1), (2) and (3) have been carried out separately.
Phytochemical studies in the field of plant tissue culture
(Elsevier, 2022) Pooja Jaiswal; Anand Vikram Singh; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Ajay Kumar; Nishi Kumari
Drugs produced by plants and herbal medicines have been used since ancient times to treat human and animal diseases, and at present several countries still rely on herbs and plants as the main sources of drugs. Plants are also considered as biofactories for the production of phytochemicals. Phytomedicines have emerged as cost-effective, eco-friendly, and better alternative of synthetic medicines. Their negligible or absent side effects have drawn the attention of many plant scientists to explore such phytochemicals. Tissue culture technology is now considered a highly efficient tool for the production of such phytochemicals under controlled conditions. Plants are a rich source of various secondary metabolites such as polyphenols, alkaloids, terpenoids, flavonoids, and saponins, and are broadly utilized in the prevention of human ailments. This chapter summarizes the role of phytochemicals for their ability to provide health benefits, and pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and agrochemical role. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Plant tissue culture in tree species
(Elsevier, 2022) Pooja Jaiswal; Anand Vikram Singh; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Nishi Kumari
Growing cells, tissues, and organs on nutrient media under aseptic and controlled condition is called plant tissue culture. It has several applications such as mass multiplication of plants, germplasm conservation, production of pathogen-free plants, secondary metabolite production, and transgenic plant production. It is highly useful in understanding basic and applied aspects of plant science such as embryology, morphogenesis, cytology, pathology, physiology, biochemistry, etc. For improvement of plants through genetic manipulation, an efficient plant regeneration protocol is essential requirement. Improvement of several crops has become possible by screening and selecting superior somaclonal and gametoclonal variants. Commercial production of such plants has several benefits over conventional breeding techniques, as it takes less time with less labor input. © 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Reactivity of metal (ZnII, RuII)-2,2′-bipyridyl with some bifunctional ligands
(2008) Rishikesh Prajapati; Vinod Kumar Yadav; Santosh Kumar Dubey; Bill Durham; Lallan Mishra
Complexation of cis-bis(2,2′-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) dihydrate with carboxaldehyde and carboxylate bearing ligand (4-carboxybenzaldehyde; L1H) and with bis-acetyl and pyridine containing ligand (2,6-diacetylpyridine; L2) yields [Ru(bpy) 3](PF6)2 (bpy = 2,2′-bipyridyl), as the major product in both reactions along with [Ru(bpy)2(L 1)]PF6 (1) and [Ru(bpy)2(L2)] (PF6)2(2) as minor products. However, reaction of cu-bis(2,2′-bipyridyl)dichlororuthenium(II) dihydrate with ligand containing bis-triazolo and diimino donor sites [1,4-bis(1,2,4-triazolo-3-imino) benzene; L3H2] provides [Ru(bpy)2Cl 2]PF6 (3) crystals characterized by its single crystal X-ray data along with some unidentified product. Similar to ruthenium bipyridyl, reaction of (2,2′-bipyridyl)dichlorozinc(II) monohydrate with L 2 has also been carried out which yields [Zn(bpy)3] (PF6)2 as a crystalline product along with a polymeric product with the composition [{Zn(bpy)(L2)Cl2} ·DMSO]n-.
Reactivity of tricine in the presence of Cu(ClO4) 2.6H2O and 2,2′-bipyridine: Synthesis, characterization and magnetic property of the complexes
(2011) Vinod Kumar Yadav; Niraj Kumari; Lallan Mishra
Three complexes, [Cu(bpy)(μ-OH)]2•2ClO4 (1) [Cu(H4TRI)(bpy)]ClO4 (2) and [Cu3(bpy) 5(μ-O)(NO3)]2•6ClO4 (3) {H4TRI= tricine, bpy= 2,2'-bipyridine} have been synthesized and characterized using their IR, UV-vis and ESR spectroscopic data , elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The π-π interaction along the a-axis in complex (1) provides a channel- type structure while similar interaction in complex (2) generates a channel with floating ClO 4 - anions. Complex (3) comprises a pair of Cu(II) centers connected via (μ2-O) oxo bridges. These are further linked to Cu3 and Cu3#1 centers via oxygen atoms of the nitrate anion. The assembled structure of this complex along the c- axis displays a zig-zag chain formation. The variable temperature magnetic measurement of a representative complex (3), [Cu3(bpy) 5(μ-O)(NO3)]2•6ClO4, shows that two of the Cu(II) centers couple ferromagnetically.
Theoretical studies for the detailed electronic structure of organotin(IV) derivatives of 4-fluoroanthranilic acid, X-ray structure of n-dibutyltin bis(4-fluoroanthranilate)
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Vinod Kumar Yadav; Sandeep Pokharia; Mala Nath
The present study describes the detailed DFT-based electronic structure calculations without any symmetry constraints being performed on di- and triorganotin derivatives of 4-fluoroanthranilic acid (AFA), viz. Me2SnL2 (1), n-Bu2SnL2 (2), Me3SnL (3), and Ph3SnL (4) (where L= monoanion of AFA). The structural and atomic charge analysis have confirmed the previously reported our experimental results, i.e. bicapped tetrahedral and distorted tetrahedral geometry for di- and triorganotin derivatives, respectively, and all the complexes 1–4 contain a positively charged central tin atom surrounded by a negatively charged system. The single crystal X-ray structure of complex 2 (n-Bu2SnL2) also suggests that AFA acts as a monoanion and bidentate ligand resulting a bicapped tetrahedral environment around tin. Various population analysis such as Mulliken (MPA), Hirshfeld (HPA), and natural population analysis (NPA) have been employed to calculate the charges at all the atoms. A finite difference approximation method has been used to explain the charge distribution within the studied complexes 1–4 based on the conceptual global and local reactivity DFT-based descriptions, frontier molecular-orbital analysis (FMOA), and molecular electrostatic potential maps (MEP). Further, the conceptual DFT-based global reactivity descriptors and frontier molecular orbital analysis show that the interactions between CT-DNA and complexes 1–4 may be groove binding or electrostatic. The integral equation formalism-polarizable continuum model (IEF-PCM) has been employed to calculate the UV–visible spectra of 1–4 in the solvent field, whereas the same in the gas phase has been obtained with the help of time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) at the same level of theory. The intramolecular charge distribution in 1–4 has been investigated with the help of natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis. The topological and energetic parameters at the selected bond critical points in the coordination sphere of complexes 1–4 have been calculated using atoms-in-molecules (AIM) theory. The analysis of different kinds of non-covalent interactions (NCI) in complexes 1–4 has also been investigated. © 2024 Elsevier B.V.