Browsing by Author "Yogesh Pal"

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Changes in degree of phosphorus saturation and risk of P loss upon twelve years of manuring and reduced tillage
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) Satya Narayana Pradhan; A.K. Ghosh; Seema; Shankar Ram; Yogesh Pal; Chandini Pradhan
Adoption of minimum tillage and application of fertilizer integrated with farmyard manure in the long-term has been envisaged to sustain rice-based cropping systems in the Indo-Gangetic plains of India. However, substitution of mineral fertilizer based on crop N requirement results not only in increase of the total P load but also in the distribution of P fractions and soil properties that influence P adsorption. A twelve year old experiment consisting of two tillage (conventional, CT and minimum, MT tillage) and three fertilization treatments (100% inorganic fertilization, IF, 100 and 50% organic fertilization, OF) was examined to unravel the relationship between tillage and manuring effects on distribution of soil P forms vis-à-vis soil test P and how it relates to degree of P saturation (DPS). Reduced tillage intensity and organic fertilization resulted in increase of all P fractions and soluble P. Olsen-P varied from 3.4 to 59.4 mg kg−1 and was exponentially (NH4F-P/NaOH-P) or linearly (Occ-P/H2SO4-P) related to P fractions by direct or indirect effects. Increase in pH and total organic carbon coupled with increase in P load especially in OF and MT treatments resulted in decrease in the P maximum adsorption capacity (PMAC) and P bonding energy of the soil. Consequently, the degree of phosphorus saturation increased with decrease in PMAC and a change point was noted at 13.62% DPS above which soluble P increased more rapidly. Olsen P, which is used as an index of P availability, increased with reduction of tillage and organic manure addition and was closely associated with all the P fractions and DPS. The Olsen P at the change point DPS was 50.4 mg kg−1 which indicated risk of P losses and hence could be used as an index for risk assessment and identify soils that need to be managed agronomically and environmentally to avoid P losses to the environment. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.
Changes in soil phosphorus forms in a long-term cropping system as influenced by fertilization and tillage
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Satya Narayana Pradhan; Amlan Ghosh; Anupam Nema; Shankar Ram; Yogesh Pal
Imbalanced use of chemical fertilizers can deteriorate soil quality; however, it can be reversed by organic matter management. Substituting fertilizer N by farmyard manure (FYM) without correcting for extra phosphorus being added could pose an environmental problem. A long-term experiment on rice-lentil cropping system was examined, where N was substituted through FYM without correcting for the P being added. Three fertilizer treatments (100% inorganic, 50% organic and 100% organic fertilization) were superimposed over two tillage treatments (conventional and minimum tillage) in a split plot design in a Typic Haplustepts. P uptake did not correlate to phosphorus application, and partial phosphorus balance (PPB) was positive. Zero PPB was obtained at P application of 11.7 kg ha−1 signifying that all treatments were over-fertilized with respect to phosphorus. Total and available phosphorus increased in response to increase in PPB. Changes in soil phosphorus fractions with depth were compared to control plot and considerable increase in all the P fractions was noticed. P application rate in excess of zero PPB (11.7 kg P ha−1) would increase various soil P fractions, especially soluble P, and could be a reason for concern of P loss to the environment through overland flow or leaching losses to groundwater. Abbreviations: PPB: partial phosphorus balance; FYM: farmyard manure; q: quintal; P: phosphorus; S-P: soluble phosphorus; Al-P: aluminium bound phosphorus; Fe-P: iron bound phosphorus; R-P: reductant soluble phosphorus; Ca-P: Calcium bound phosphorus. © 2020 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Effect of rhizobium, PSB and p-levels on growth, yield attributes and yield of urdbean (vigna mungo l.)
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2016) Surya Kant; Achin Kumar; Satendra Kumar; Vipin Kumar; Yogesh Pal; Anil K. Shukla
A field experiment was conducted in kharif 2011 on urdbean genotype T-9. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with three replication and thirteen treatments. Some microorganisms have capable to convert the insoluble phosphorous to an accessible form and increase the growth and yield attributes viz, plant height, number of branches plant-1, nodulation, dry matter accumulation plant-1, number of pods plant-1, test weight (g), grain yield, straw yield and biological yield (qha-1) of Urdbean. All these characters were recorded higher in treatment T13 by application of (75 kg ha-1 P2O5 + PSB + Rhizobium.) as compared to all other treatments. However, combination of rhizobium, PSB and P levels had proved significant influence on plant growth, yield and its attributing traits in Blackgram.