2020
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Now showing 1 - 10 of 2003
PublicationArticle Antioxidant and antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized by Cestrum nocturnum(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Anand Kumar Keshari; Ragini Srivastava; Payal Singh; Virendra Bahadur Yadav; Gopal NathBackground: Silver nanoparticles are toxic to bacteria and have widespread application in different research areas. Objective: The aim of this study was to synthesize silver nanoparticles using an aqueous leaf extract of Cestrum nocturnum and to test its antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Materials and methods: The silver nanoparticles were synthesized by addition of 20 ml extract (8% w/v) with 180 ml silver nitrate solution (1 mM). The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was confirmed by UV–Vis spectrophotometer. The silver nanoparticles were characterized by X-ray diffractometer, Transmission Electron Microscope, Scanning Electron Microscope and Fourier Transform Infra-Red spectroscopy. The antioxidant property of silver nanoparticles was analyzed by the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl radical and superoxide radical scavenging methods. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity of silver nanoparticles against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Salmonella typhi was determined using bacterial growth inhibition method. The antibacterial sensitivity and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of silver nanoparticles was determined against the bacteria. Results: The results confirmed that the silver nanoparticles synthesized by C. nocturnum extract were crystalline in nature, average particle size was 20 nm and were mostly spherical in shape. The antioxidant methods confirmed that the silver nanoparticles have more antioxidant activity as compared to vitamin C. The silver nanoparticles have strong antibacterial (maximum Vibrio cholerae and minimum E. faecalis) activity. The MIC value of silver nanoparticles was 16 μg/ml (Citrobacter), 4 μg/ml (E. faecalis), 16 μg/ml (S. typhi), 8 μg/ml (E. coli), 8 μg/ml (Proteus vulgaris), and 16 μg/ml (V. cholerae). Conclusion: Green synthesized silver nanoparticles have strong antioxidant and antibacterial activity due to the presence of bioactive molecules on the surface of silver nanoparticles. © 2020 The AuthorsPublicationBook Chapter Caffeine, impulsivity, and performance(Taylor and Francis, 2020) Uma Gupta; B.S. GuptaThe behavioral effects of caffeine, a widely consumed 1-3 substance and a recognized potent stimulant, 4-6 have been studied extensively for a variety of reasons 7: (1) it is readily available (2) it is generally recognized as safe; (3) it has a rapid onset of action; and (4) it is active when taken orally. However, the major disadvantage is that when administered in doses generally found in foods and drinks, its effects are slight, subtle, and almost negligible. 7. © 1999 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.PublicationReview ATP-binding cassette (ABC) import systems of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: target for drug and vaccine development(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2020) Dharmendra Kumar Soni; Suresh Kumar Dubey; Rakesh BhatnagarNutrient procurement specifically from nutrient-limiting environment is essential for pathogenic bacteria to survive and/or persist within the host. Long-term survival or persistent infection is one of the main reasons for the overuse of antibiotics, and contributes to the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. Mycobacterium tuberculosis is known for long-term survival within the host, and develops multidrug resistance. Before and during infection, the pathogen encounters various harsh environmental conditions. To cope up with such nutrient-limiting conditions, it is crucial to uptake essential nutrients such as ions, sugars, amino acids, peptides, and metals, necessary for numerous vital biological activities. Among the various types of transporters, ATP-binding cassette (ABC) importers are essentially unique to bacteria, accessible as drug targets without penetrating the cytoplasmic membrane, and offer an ATP-dependent gateway into the cell by mimicking substrates of the importer and designing inhibitors against substrate-binding proteins, ABC importers endeavour for the development of successful drug candidates and antibiotics. Alternatively, the production of antibodies against substrate-binding proteins could lead to vaccine development. In this review, we will emphasize the role of M. tuberculosis ABC importers for survival and virulence within the host. Furthermore, we will elucidate their unique characteristics to discover emerging therapies to combat tuberculosis. © 2020, © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, on behalf of Shanghai Shangyixun Cultural Communication Co., Ltd.PublicationArticle In-vitro cytotoxicity evaluation of surface design luminescent lanthanide core/shell nanocrystals(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Anees A. Ansari; Shahanavaj Khan; Ali Aldalbahi; Abdul K. Parchur; B. Kumar; Ashok Kumar; Mohammad Raish; S.B. RaiLanthanide nanocrystals (NCs) are the most promising luminescent materials for bioapplications, but their use is hindered by difficulties in obtaining biocompatible and photoluminescence lanthanide NCs. To solve this problem, a simple and versatile strategy was developed for improving the luminescence efficiency with the hydrophilicity of the lanthanide NCs. In this study, the effects of shell formation on structural, morphological, and optical properties (optical absorption, band-gap energy, excitation, emission, and luminescent decay time) were evaluated. To improve the luminescence efficiency and aqueous dispersion, luminescent core-NCs were encapsulated with inert NaGdF4 and amorphous silica layers. These surface coating layers significantly improved the luminescence efficiency and dispersion of the core/shell NCs in which the silica surface provides a negatively charged surface to the NCs at physiological pH. Optical properties of these NCs strongly depend on the external change of NCs, demonstrating the impact of coating in improving the luminescence efficiency. The outcomes can be ascribed to the development of surface chemical bonds between core/shell and noncrystalline SiO2 shell via Gd[sbnd]O[sbnd]Si bridges, activating the ‘dormant’ Ce3+ and Tb3+ ions on the surface of NCs. An intensive emission and good hydrophilic property from the active functional groups in solutions show a great potential for applications such as multi-analyte fluorescent biolabeling, optical biosensing, staining, display, and other optical technologies. The core/shell/SiO2 NCs showed higher nontoxicity and biocompatibility with respect to the core NCs because of biocompatible silica surface modification, facilitating entry into the living cells. Therefore, this developed synthesis approach might advance the field of biomolecule-based nanotechnology in near future. © 2017 King Saud UniversityPublicationArticle Role of melatonin and HSF-1\HSP-70 in modulating cold stress-induced immunosuppression in a tropical rodent- Funambulus pennanti(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Shraddha Rastogi; Chandana Haldar[No abstract available]PublicationArticle Essential role of TNF-α in gamma c cytokine aided crosstalk between dendritic cells and natural killer cells in experimental murine lymphoma(Elsevier B.V., 2020) Uttam Gupta; Sumit Kumar Hira; Ranjeet Singh; Ankush Paladhi; Prateek Srivastava; Partha Pratim MannaCooperative and cognitive interaction between the dendritic cells and natural killer cells was investigated for demonstrating the anti-tumor activity against an aggressive murine lymphoma, treated with doxorubicin. Crosstalk between the dendritic cells and the natural killer cells significantly reduced the proliferation of Dalton's lymphoma cells in a dose dependent manner. Treatment of Dalton's lymphoma cells with doxorubicin in vitro enhances the effects of crosstalk against the target cells. This crosstalk between the cells was regulated via stimulation with recombinant interleukin-15, and release of TNF-α which is critically important for the tumoricidal effects. Dendritic cells and the natural killer cells crosstalk activate both the cells and upregulate the expression of CD40, CD69 and CD86 on the dendritic cells. These findings provided new insight regarding these interactions and define a mechanism by which cellular immune response promotes tumoricidal activity against lymphoma in therapeutic setting. © 2019 Elsevier B.V.PublicationArticle A comparative study between rubber band ligation and local application of herbal caustic compound (pratisaraneeya kshara) in management of internal haemorrhoids(National Taiwan University, 2020) Ashish Sharma; M. Sahu; S.J. Gupta[No abstract available]PublicationArticle Possible antimagnetic rotational band in 127Xe(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2020) S. Chakraborty; H.P. Sharma; S.S. Tiwary; C. Majumder; P. Banerjee; S. Ganguly; S. Rai; Pragati; S. Muralithar; R.P. Singh; S.S. Bhattacharjee; S. Kumar; Mayank; A. Kumar; R. PalitExcited states of 127Xe were populated in the 122Sn(9Be, 4nγ) fusion-evaporation reaction at a beam energy of 48 MeV. A sequence of ΔI = 2 γ-transitions has been observed above the I π = 19/2+ state at 2307 keV. Spin and parity of the states belonging to this band have been assigned firmly. The dynamic moment of inertia of this band is found to be low and almost constant as a function of angular momentum. Observed experimental features along with the results of theoretical semiclassical model calculation suggest an antimagnetic rotational character for this band. © 2019 IOP Publishing Ltd.PublicationReview Phytases and their pharmaceutical applications: Mini-review(Elsevier Ltd, 2020) Archita Sharma; Ojasvini Ahluwalia; Abhishek Dutt Tripathi; Gursharan Singh; Shailendra Kumar AryaPhytate (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate) is considered as the main source of phosphorous in plants, although it also occurs predominantly in legumes, oilseeds and cereal grains. The non-hydrolyzed phytate when it comes to the excreta of animals as an undigested part of their feed enhanced the level of phosphorous in natural environments and contributes to the accumulation of phosphorus and finally causes the pollution like eutrophication, and greenhouse gases emission. Phytases (myo-inositol hexakisphosphate hydrolases) are very important biocatalysts and significantly use in the animal feed industry to convert phytate to inorganic phosphorous. Many review articles on phytases are available in the literature but very less information is present on their pharmaceutical importance. The present article is describing the role of phytases in controlling diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease and ceasing of stone formation in kidneys, inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and heavy metal toxicities, human and animal nutrition as well. © 2019 Elsevier LtdPublicationArticle Impact of american heart association’s new hypertension guidelines (2017) on disease burden and association with obesity indices(Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India, 2020) Renu Kumari; Neha Rai; Hanjabam Barun Sharma; Jyotsna KailashiyaBackground: Hypertension (HTN) and obesity both are on rise in India as well as other countries. With introduction of new guidelines for HTN by American Heart Association (AHA) in 2017, the burden of disease is expected to be much higher than before. Aim of this study was to assess the impact of new AHA (2017) guidelines of hypertension classification on disease burden and its association with obesity. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was conducted in total 210 subjects from Varanasi, India. Blood pressure and obesity indices (waist circumference, body mass index and waist-height ratio) were measured and analysed. Number of subjects having HTN according to American Heart Association’s (AHA) new (2017) and old [Seventh Report of the Joint National Committee (JNC) on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure, 2003] guidelines were compared and association with obesity was estimated. Results: Total 149 (70.9%) subjects showed HTN according to new (AHA 2017) guidelines, compared to 81 (38.5%) hypertensive subjects according to old (JNC 7, 2003) guidelines. Only 27 subjects (12.8%) were diagnosed hypertension cases, while 122 (58%) subjects were having undiagnosed HTN. HTN was more common in males, compared to females, but obesity was more common in females compared to males. Obesity indices, age, height and body weight were significantly correlated with blood pressure. Increasing age, central obesity (high waist circumference and high waist-height ratio) and male gender was found to be significant risk factor for HTN. Conclusions: Burden of HTN is found to be much higher than before when new AHA (2017) HTN guidelines are applied for classification in Indian subjects. There is urgent and increased need to manage measures like lifestyle modifications, diet management and regular exercise to prevent obesity and HTN. © 2020, Association of Physiologists and Pharmacologists of India. All rights reserved.