2024

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dl.bhu.ac.in/bhuir/handle/123456789/36736

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Phillips’s points and Padmapāda’s possible defense
(Taylor and Francis, 2024) Nirmalya Guha
In an article entitled “Padmapāda’s Illusion Argument,” Prof. Stephen Phillips argues that Padmapāda failed to show the possibility of his views about the absolute (brahman) through his illusion argument. Phillips, like many other philosophers, criticized the arguments Padmapāda presented in his Pañca-pādikā. This chapter will try to extract Padmapāda’s arguments from his writings and address the issues raised by Phillips. Although those arguments originated in the writings of Padmapāda, they have their own lives. They evolved through various other commentarial and independent philosophical works. The fundamental and subtle questions or issues Phillips has raised may not find answers in Pañca-pādikā. But one may address those issues by using the ideas which Phillips calls “Padmapāda’s arguments.” © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Malcolm Keating and Matthew R. Dasti; individual chapters, the contributors.
Designing and comparative analysis of anti-oxidant and heat shock proteins based multi-epitopic filarial vaccines
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2024) Sunil Kumar; Ayushi Mishra; Vipin Kumar; Tripti Singh; Amit Kumar Singh; Anchal Singh
Background: Lymphatic Filariasis (LF) is a neglected tropical disease affecting more than 882 million people in 44 countries of the world. A multi-epitope prophylactic/therapeutic vaccination targeting filarial defense proteins would be invaluable to achieve the current LF elimination goal. Method: Two groups of proteins, namely Anti-oxidant (AO) and Heat shock proteins (HSPs), have been implicated in the effective survival of the filarial parasites in their hosts. Several B-cell, CTL, and T-helper epitopes were predicted from the three anti-oxidant proteins GST, GPx, and SOD. Likewise, epitopes were also predicted for HSP110, HSP90, and HSP70. Among the predicted epitopes, screening was applied to include only non-allergenic, non-toxic epitopes to construct two MEVs, PVAO and PVHSP. The epitopes for each group of proteins were connected to each other by the inclusion of suitable linkers and an adjuvant. The 3D models for PVAO and PVHSP were predicted, and validated, followed by prediction of physicochemical properties using bioinformatics tools. The binding free energy of PVAO and PVHSP with Toll like Receptors (TLR) TLR1/2, TLR4, TLR5, TLR6, and TLR9 was calculated with HawkDock. The immunogenicity of both the MEVs were assessed by Immune simulation after which codon adaptation and in-silico cloning were carried out. Results: Conservation of the selected AOs and HSPs in other parasitic nematode species suggested that both the generated chimera could be helpful in cross-protection too. The 3D models of both MEVs contained more than 97% residues in allowed regions, as predicted by PROCHECK server. High MMGBSA and docking scores were obtained between MEVs and TLR4, TLR1/2, TLR6, and TLR9. Molecular dynamics simulation confirmed the stability of candidate vaccines in dynamic conditions present in the biological systems. The in-silico immune simulation indicated significantly high levels of IgG1, T-helper, T-cytotoxic cells, INF-γ, and IL-2 responses following immunization with PVAO and PVHSP. Conclusion: The immunoinformatics approaches used in this study confirmed that, the designed vaccines are capable of eliciting sustained immunity against LF, however, additional in-vivo studies would be required to confirm their efficacy. Furthermore, by employing multi-epitope structures and constructing two different cocktail vaccines for LF, this study can form an important milestone in the development of future LF vaccine/s. © The Author(s) 2024.
Prospects and Challenges of Nanofilms-based Edible Food Coatings for Enhancement of Their Shelf Life
(CRC Press, 2024) Richa Prasad Mahato; Pallavi Singh; Suchi Srivastava
Nanotechnology has drawn much attention as a novel and promising technology in the area of food processing, safety and packaging. Food preservation is one of the most challenging tasks to prolong the storage period of harvested horticulture crops and products. Currently, there are numerous food packaging alternatives that are friendly to the environment, including films made up of biopolymers, which have been created to prolong food’s shelf life. However, compared to conventional plastic packaging, these biopolymers, which come from plant, animal and microbial sources, was not found to have some of the essential physicochemical and mechanical qualities. That’s why the development of new packaging materials is a growing area in the food industry. These flaws could be fixed by strengthening biopolymers with nanomaterials, which also give them antioxidant and antibacterial activity. Nanotechnology-related storage period enhancement strategies could help to overcome the drawbacks of conventional coatings due to their special set of features. In this chapter, the basic ideas and contemporary, extremely effective uses of shelf life extension technologies for crops, fruits and vegetables connected to nanotechnology are explained. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Swarnendu Roy and Akbar Hossain; individual chapters, the contributors.
Compression Bandage and Wound Care Biomaterial With Nanotechnology
(CRC Press, 2024) Vaibhav Verma; Vivek Dave; Prashansa Sharma; Devsuni Singh
Nanotechnology-based bandages and wound care biomaterials have enormous potential for treating and preventing wound infections due to their numerous advantages over traditional treatment approaches. As wound healing remains a concern for the medical community, wound treatment becomes a crucial aspect of healthcare systems. One field that may offer novel approaches to regenerative medicine is nanotechnology and biomaterial technology. It is critical to understand the role of nanotechnology and biomaterial technology, which, when used to incorporate drugs into nano-and biomaterials, respectively, and then loaded in nanofibre-based bandages, compression bandages, stockings, or antimicrobial dressings, will provide unique wound management properties. Conventional burn treatments are available, but they are ineffective when compared to nano-and biomaterial-based compression bandages and stockings utilized in wound dressings. Furthermore, because of their underlying healing properties and wide range of antibacterial activity, novel antimicrobial agents, such as silver nanotechnology have gained a notable amount of interest in recent years. So, in this chapter, we went over the wound, its classification, and the stages of wound healing, as well as various medical textiles such as compression bandages and stockings-their classification, benefits, and applications. We also discuss briefly the nanomaterials and biomaterials employed in making bandages and dressings. © 2024 selection and editorial matter, Prashansa Sharma, Devsuni Singh, Suman Pant and Vivek Dave; individual chapters, the contributors.
Sustainable Synthesis of Novel Green-Based Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Interventions and Environmental Remediation
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Swati Singh; Harshita Tiwari; Ashish Verma; Priyamvada Gupta; Amrit Chattopadhaya; Ananya Singh; Sanjana Singh; Brijesh Kumar; Abhijit Mandal; Rajiv Kumar; Ashok K. Yadav; Hemant Kumar Gautam; Vibhav Gautam
The advancement in nanotechnology has completely revolutionized various fields, including pharmaceutical sciences, and streamlined the potential therapeutic of many diseases that endanger human life. The synthesis of green nanoparticles by biological processes is an aspect of the newly emerging scientific field known as “green nanotechnology”. Due to their safe, eco-friendly, nontoxic nature, green synthesis tools are better suited to produce nanoparticles between 1 and 100 nm. Nanoformulation of different types of nanoparticles has been made possible by using green production techniques and commercially feasible novel precursors, such as seed extracts, algae, and fungi, that act as potent reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. In addition to this, the biofunctionalization of nanoparticles has also broadened its horizon in the field of environmental remediation and various novel therapeutic innovations including wound healing, antimicrobial, anticancer, and nano biosensing. However, the major challenge pertaining to green nanotechnology is the agglomeration of nanoparticles that may alter the surface topology, which can affect biological physiology, thereby contributing to system toxicity. Therefore, a thorough grasp of nanoparticle toxicity and biocompatibility is required to harness the applications of nanotechnology in therapeutics. © 2024 American Chemical Society
Global age-sex-specific mortality, life expectancy, and population estimates in 204 countries and territories and 811 subnational locations, 1950–2021, and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Austin E. Schumacher; Hmwe Hmwe Kyu; Amirali Aali; Cristiana Abbafati; Jaffar Abbas; Rouzbeh Abbasgholizadeh; Madineh Akram Abbasi; Mohammadreza Abbasian; Samar Abd ElHafeez; Michael Abdelmasseh; Sherief Abd-Elsalam; Ahmed Abdelwahab; Mohammad Abdollahi; Meriem Abdoun; Auwal Abdullahi; Ame Mehadi Abdurehman; Mesfin Abebe; Aidin Abedi; Armita Abedi; Tadesse M. Abegaz; Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga; E.S. Abhilash; Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun; Richard Gyan Aboagye; Hassan Abolhassani; Mohamed Abouzid; Lucas Guimarães Abreu; Woldu Aberhe Abrha; Michael R.M. Abrigo; Dariush Abtahi; Samir Abu Rumeileh; Niveen M.E. Abu-Rmeileh; Salahdein Aburuz; Ahmed Abu-Zaid; Juan Manuel Acuna; Tim Adair; Isaac Yeboah Addo; Oladimeji M. Adebayo; Oyelola A. Adegboye; Victor Adekanmbi; Bashir Aden; Abiola Victor Adepoju; Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji; Temitayo Esther Adeyeoluwa; Olorunsola Israel Adeyomoye; Rishan Adha; Amin Adibi; Wirawan Adikusuma; Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani; Saryia Adra; Abel Afework; Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi; Ali Afraz; Shadi Afyouni; Saira Afzal; Pradyumna Agasthi; Shahin Aghamiri; Antonella Agodi; Williams Agyemang-Duah; Bright Opoku Ahinkorah; Aqeel Ahmad; Danish Ahmad; Firdos Ahmad; Muayyad M. Ahmad; Tauseef Ahmad; Keivan Ahmadi; Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade; Mohadese Ahmadzade; Ayman Ahmed; Haroon Ahmed; Luai A. Ahmed; Muktar Beshir Ahmed; Syed Anees Ahmed; Marjan Ajami; Budi Aji; Olufemi Ajumobi; Gizachew Taddesse Akalu; Essona Matatom Akara; Karolina Akinosoglou; Sreelatha Akkala; Samuel Akyirem; Hanadi Al Hamad; Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan; Ammar Al Homsi; Mohammad Al Qadire; Moein Ala; Timothy Olukunle Aladelusi; Tareq Mohammed Ali Al-Ahdal; Samer O. Alalalmeh; Ziyad Al-Aly; Khurshid Alam; Manjurul Alam; Zufishan Alam; Rasmieh Mustafa Al-Amer; Fahad Mashhour Alanezi; Turki M. Alanzi; Mohammed Albashtawy; Mohammad T. AlBataineh; Robert W. Aldridge; Sharifullah Alemi; Ayman Al-Eyadhy; Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi; Khalid F. Alhabib; Fadwa Alhalaiqa Naji Alhalaiqa; Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi; Abid Ali; Akhtar Ali; Beriwan Abdulqadir Ali; Hassam Ali; Mohammed Usman Ali; Rafat Ali; Syed Shujait Shujait Ali; Zahid Ali; Shohreh Alian Samakkhah; Gianfranco Alicandro; Sheikh Mohammad Alif; Mohammad Aligol; Rasoul Alimi; Ahmednur Adem Aliyi; Adel Al-Jumaily; Syed Mohamed Aljunid; Wael Almahmeed; Sabah Al-Marwani; Sadeq Ali Ali Al-Maweri; Joseph Uy Almazan; Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi; Omar Almidani; Mahmoud A. Alomari; Nivaldo Alonso; Jaber S. Alqahtani; Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi; Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah; Awais Altaf; Jaffar A. Al-Tawfiq; Khalid A. Altirkawi; Farrukh Jawad Alvi; Hassan Alwafi; Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi; Hany Aly; Karem H. Alzoubi; Azmeraw T. Amare; Edward Kwabena Ameyaw; Abebe Feyissa Amhare; Tarek Tawfik Amin; Alireza Amindarolzarbi; Javad Aminian Dehkordi; Sohrab Amiri; Hubert Amu; Dickson A. Amugsi; Jimoh Amzat; Robert Ancuceanu; Deanna Anderlini; Pedro Prata Andrade; Catalina Liliana Andrei; Tudorel Andrei; Dhanalakshmi Angappan; Abhishek Anil; Afifa Anjum; Catherine M. Antony; Ernoiz Antriyandarti; Iyadunni Adesola Anuoluwa; Sumadi Lukman Anwar; Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor; Seth Christopher Yaw Appiah; Muhammad Aqeel; Jalal Arabloo; Razman Arabzadeh Bahri; Morteza Arab-Zozani; Mosab Arafat; Ana Margarida Araújo; Aleksandr Y. Aravkin; Abdulfatai Aremu; Hany Ariffin; Timur Aripov; Benedetta Armocida; Mahwish Arooj; Anton A. Artamonov; Kurnia Dwi Artanti; Judie Arulappan; Idowu Thomas Aruleba; Raphael Taiwo Aruleba; Ashokan Arumugam; Malke Asaad; Saeed Asgary; Mubarek Yesse Ashemo; Muhammad Ashraf; Marvellous O. Asika; Seyyed Shamsadin Athari; Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout; Alok Atreya; Sameh Attia; Avinash Aujayeb; Abolfazl Avan; Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe; Beatriz Paulina Ayala Quintanilla; Martin Amogre Ayanore; Getnet Melaku Ayele; Jose L. Ayuso-Mateos; Seyed Mohammad Ayyoubzadeh; Sina Azadnajafabad; Gulrez Shah Azhar; Shahkaar Aziz; Ahmed Y. Azzam; Mina Babashahi; Abraham Samuel Babu; Muhammad Badar; Alaa Badawi; Ashish D. Badiye; Soroush Baghdadi; Nasser Bagheri; Sara Bagherieh; Sulaiman Bah; Saeed Bahadorikhalili; Jianjun Bai; Ruhai Bai; Jennifer L. Baker; Shankar M. Bakkannavar; Abdulaziz T. Bako; Senthilkumar Balakrishnan; Saliu A. Balogun; Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu; Kiran Bam; Maciej Banach; Soham Bandyopadhyay; Biswajit Banik; Palash Chandra Banik; Hansi Bansal; Shirin Barati; Martina Barchitta; Mainak Bardhan; Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo; Francesco Barone-Adesi; Hiba Jawdat Barqawi; Ronald D. Barr; Lope H. Barrero; Zarrin Basharat; Asma'u I.J. Bashir; Hameed Akande Bashiru; Pritish Baskaran; Buddha Basnyat; Quique Bassat; João Diogo Basso; Saurav Basu; Kavita Batra; Ravi Batra; Bernhard T. Baune; Mohsen Bayati; Nebiyou Simegnew Bayileyegn; Thomas Beaney; Neeraj Bedi; Tahmina Begum; Emad Behboudi; Amir Hossein Behnoush; Maryam Beiranvand; Diana Fernanda Bejarano Ramirez; Uzma Iqbal Belgaumi; Michelle L. Bell; Aminu K. Bello; Muhammad Bashir Bello; Olorunjuwon Omolaja Bello; Luis Belo; Apostolos Beloukas; Salaheddine Bendak; Derrick A. Bennett; Isabela M. Bensenor; Habib Benzian; Zombor Berezvai; Adam E. Berman; Amiel Nazer C. Bermudez; Paulo J.G. Bettencourt; Habtamu B. Beyene; Kebede A. Beyene; Devidas S. Bhagat; Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula; Neeraj Bhala; Ashish Bhalla; Dinesh Bhandari; Nikha Bhardwaj; Pankaj Bhardwaj; Prarthna V. Bhardwaj; Ashish Bhargava; Sonu Bhaskar; Vivek Bhat; Gurjit Kaur Bhatti; Jasvinder Singh Bhatti; Manpreet S. Bhatti; Rajbir Bhatti; Zulfiqar A. Bhutta; Boris Bikbov; Nada Binmadi; Bagas Suryo Bintoro; Antonio Biondi; Catherine Bisignano; Francesca Bisulli; Atanu Biswas; Raaj Kishore Biswas; Saeid Bitaraf; Tone Bjørge; Archie Bleyer; Mary Sefa Boampong; Virginia Bodolica; Aadam Olalekan Bodunrin; Obasanjo Afolabi Bolarinwa; Milad Bonakdar Hashemi; Aime Bonny; Kaustubh Bora; Berrak Bora Basara; Safiya Bala Borodo; Rohan Borschmann; Alejandro Botero Carvajal; Souad Bouaoud; Sofiane Boudalia; Edward J. Boyko; Nicola Luigi Bragazzi; Dejana Braithwaite; Hermann Brenner; Gabrielle Britton; Annie J. Browne; Andre R. Brunoni; Norma B. Bulamu; Lemma N. Bulto; Danilo Buonsenso; Katrin Burkart; Richard A. Burns; Sharath Burugina Nagaraja; Reinhard Busse; Yasser Bustanji; Zahid A. Butt; Florentino Luciano Caetano Dos Santos; Tianji Cai; Daniela Calina; Luis Alberto Cámera; Luciana Aparecida Campos; Ismael R. Campos-Nonato; Chao Cao; Carlos Alberto Cardenas; Rosario Cárdenas; Sinclair Carr; Giulia Carreras; Juan J. Carrero; Andrea Carugno; Felix Carvalho; Márcia Carvalho; Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia; Carlos A. Castañeda-Orjuela; Giulio Castelpietra; Ferrán Catalá-López; Alberico L. Catapano; Maria Sofia Cattaruzza; Arthur Caye; Christopher R. Cederroth; Francieli Cembranel; Muthia Cenderadewi; Kelly M. Cercy; Ester Cerin; Muge Cevik; Pamela R. Chacón-Uscamaita; Yaacoub Chahine; Chiranjib Chakraborty; Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan; Chin-Kuo Chang; Periklis Charalampous; Jaykaran Charan; Vijay Kumar Chattu; Victoria Chatzimavridou-Grigoriadou; Malizgani Paul Chavula; Huzaifa Ahmad Cheema; An-Tian Chen; Haowei Chen; Lingxiao Chen; Meng Xuan Chen; Simiao Chen; Nicolas Cherbuin; Derek S. Chew; Gerald Chi; Jesus Lorenzo Chirinos-Caceres; Abdulaal Chitheer; So Mi Jemma Cho; William C.S. Cho; Bryan Chong; Hitesh Chopra; Rahul Choudhary; Rajiv Chowdhury; Dinh-Toi Chu; Isaac Sunday Chukwu; Eric Chung; Eunice Chung; Sheng-Chia Chung; Karly I. Cini; Cain C.T. Clark; Kaleb Coberly; Alyssa Columbus; Haley Comfort; Joao Conde; Sara Conti; Paolo Angelo Cortesi; Vera Marisa Costa; Ewerton Cousin; Richard G. Cowden; Michael H. Criqui; Natália Cruz-Martins; Garland T. Culbreth; Patricia Cullen; Matthew Cunningham; Daniel da Silva E Silva; Sriharsha Dadana; Omid Dadras; Zhaoli Dai; Koustuv Dalal; Lachlan L. Dalli; Giovanni Damiani; Emanuele D'Amico; Sara Daneshvar; Aso Mohammad Darwesh; Jai K. Das; Saswati Das; Nihar Ranjan Dash; Mohsen Dashti; Claudio Alberto Dávila-Cervantes; Nicole Davis Weaver; Kairat Davletov; Diego De Leo; Aklilu Tamire Debele; Louisa Degenhardt; Reza Dehbandi; Lee Deitesfeld; Ivan Delgado-Enciso; Laura Delgado-Ortiz; Daniel Demant; Berecha Hundessa Demessa; Andreas K. Demetriades; Xinlei Deng; Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez; Kebede Deribe; Nikolaos Dervenis; Don C. Des Jarlais; Hardik Dineshbhai Desai; Rupak Desai; Keshab Deuba; Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu; Sourav Dey; Arkadeep Dhali; Kuldeep Dhama; Mandira Lamichhane Dhimal; Meghnath Dhimal; Sameer Dhingra; Diana Dias Da Silva; Daniel Diaz; Adriana Dima; Delaney D. Ding; M. Ashworth Dirac; Abhinav Dixit; Shilpi Gupta Dixit; Thanh Chi Do; Thao Huynh Phuong Do; Camila Bruneli Do Prado; Masoud Dodangeh; Klara Georgieva Dokova; Christiane Dolecek; E Ray Dorsey; Wendel Mombaque dos Santos; Rajkumar Doshi; Leila Doshmangir; Abdel Douiri; Robert Kokou Dowou; Tim Robert Driscoll; Haneil Larson Dsouza; John Dube; Samuel C. Dumith; Susanna J. Dunachie; Bruce B. Duncan; Andre Rodrigues Duraes; Senbagam Duraisamy; Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye; Sulagna Dutta; Paulina Agnieszka Dzianach; Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic; Oluwakemi Ebenezer; Ejemai Eboreime; Alireza Ebrahimi; Chidiebere Peter Echieh; Abdelaziz Ed-Dra; Hisham Atan Edinur; David Edvardsson; Kristina Edvardsson; Defi Efendi; Ferry Efendi; Shayan Eghdami; Terje Andreas Eikemo; Ebrahim Eini; Michael Ekholuenetale; Emmanuel Ekpor; Temitope Cyrus Ekundayo; Rabie Adel El Arab; Doaa Abdel Wahab El Morsi; Maysaa El Sayed Zaki; Maha El Tantawi; Iffat Elbarazi; Noha Mousaad Elemam; Frank J. Elgar; Islam Y. Elgendy; Ghada Metwally Tawfik ElGohary; Hala Rashad Elhabashy; Muhammed Elhadi; Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy; Mohammed Elshaer; Ibrahim Elsohaby; Amir Emami Zeydi; Mehdi Emamverdi; Theophilus I. Emeto; Luchuo Engelbert Bain; Ryenchindorj Erkhembayar; Tesfahun C. Eshetie; Sharareh Eskandarieh; Juan Espinosa-Montero; Kara Estep; Farshid Etaee; Ugochukwu Anthony Eze; Natalia Fabin; Adewale Oluwaseun Fadaka; Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe; Saman Fahimi; Luca Falzone; Carla Sofia E Sá Farinha; MoezAlIslam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris; Mohsen Farjoud Kouhanjani; Andre Faro; Hossein Farrokhpour; Ali Fatehizadeh; Hamed Fattahi; Nelsensius Klau Fauk; Pooria Fazeli; Valery L. Feigin; Ginenus Fekadu; Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad; Abdullah Hamid Feroze; Daniela Ferrante; Pietro Ferrara; Nuno Ferreira; Getahun Fetensa; Irina Filip; Florian Fischer; Joanne Flavel; Abraham D. Flaxman; Luisa S. Flor; Bobirca Teodor Florin; Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan; Kristen Marie Foley; Artem Alekseevich Fomenkov; Lisa M. Force; Carla Fornari; Behzad Foroutan; Matteo Foschi; Kate Louise Francis; Richard Charles Franklin; Alberto Freitas; Joseph Friedman; Sara D. Friedman; Takeshi Fukumoto; John E. Fuller; Peter Andras Gaal; Muktar A. Gadanya; Santosh Gaihre; Abduzhappar Gaipov; Emmanuela Gakidou; Yaseen Galali; Nasrin Galehdar; Silvano Gallus; Quan Gan; Aravind P. Gandhi; Balasankar Ganesan; Jalaj Garg; Shuo-Yan Gau; Prem Gautam; Rupesh K. Gautam; Federica Gazzelloni; Miglas W. Gebregergis; Mesfin Gebrehiwot; Tesfay Brhane Gebremariam; Urge Gerema; Motuma Erena Getachew; Tamirat Getachew; Peter W. Gething; Mansour Ghafourifard; Sulmaz Ghahramani; Khalid Yaser Ghailan; Alireza Ghajar; Mohammad Javad Ghanbarnia; MohammadReza Ghasemi; Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh; Fariba Ghassemi; Ramy Mohamed Ghazy; Sailaja Ghimire; Asadollah Gholamian; Ali Gholamrezanezhad; Pooyan Ghorbani Vajargah; Ghozali Ghozali; Sherief Ghozy; Arun Digambarrao Ghuge; Alessandro Gialluisi; Ruth Margaret Gibson; Artyom Urievich Gil; Paramjit Singh Gill; Tiffany K. Gill; Richard F. Gillum; Themba G. Ginindza; Alem Girmay; James C. Glasbey; Elena V. Gnedovskaya; Laszlo Göbölös; Amit Goel; Mohamad Goldust; Mahaveer Golechha; Pouya Goleij; Arefeh Golestanfar; Davide Golinelli; Philimon N. Gona; Houman Goudarzi; Amir Hossein Goudarzian; Anmol Goyal; Scott Greenhalgh; Michal Grivna; Giovanni Guarducci; Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari; Mesay Dechasa Gudeta; Avirup Guha; Stefano Guicciardi; Damitha Asanga Gunawardane; Sasidhar Gunturu; Cui Guo; Anish Kumar Gupta; Bhawna Gupta; Indarchand Ratanlal Gupta; Rajat Das Gupta; Sapna Gupta; Veer Bala Gupta; Vijai Kumar Gupta; Vivek Kumar Gupta; Reyna Alma Gutiérrez; Farrokh Habibzadeh; Parham Habibzadeh; Vladimir Hachinski; Mohammad Haddadi; Rasool Haddadi; Nils Haep; Adel Hajj Ali; Esam S. Halboub; Sobia Ahsan Halim; Brian J. Hall; Sebastian Haller; Rabih Halwani; Randah R. Hamadeh; Kanaan Hamagharib Abdullah; Samer Hamidi; Mohammad Hamiduzzaman; Ahmad Hammoud; Nasrin Hanifi; Graeme J. Hankey; Md Abdul Hannan; Md Nuruzzaman Haque; Harapan Harapan; Josep Maria Haro; Ahmed I. Hasaballah; Faizul Hasan; Ikramul Hasan; M Tasdik Hasan; Hamidreza Hasani; Mohammad Hasanian; Ali Hasanpour-Dehkordi; Abbas M. Hassan; Amr Hassan; Hossein Hassanian-Moghaddam; Soheil Hassanipour; Johannes Haubold; Rasmus J. Havmoeller; Simon I. Hay; Youssef Hbid; Jeffrey J. Hebert; Omar E. Hegazi; Golnaz Heidari; Mohammad Heidari; Mahsa Heidari-Foroozan; Reza Heidari-Soureshjani; Bartosz Helfer; Claudiu Herteliu; Hamed Hesami; Dineshani Hettiarachchi; Demisu Zenbaba Heyi; Kamal Hezam; Yuta Hiraike; Howard J. Hoffman; Ramesh Holla; Nobuyuki Horita; Md Belal Hossain; Md Mahbub Hossain; Sahadat Hossain; Mohammad-Salar Hosseini; Hassan Hosseinzadeh; Mehdi Hosseinzadeh; Mihaela Hostiuc; Sorin Hostiuc; Mohamed Hsairi; Vivian Chia-Rong Hsieh; Chengxi Hu; Junjie Huang; Md Nazmul Huda; Fernando N. Hugo; Michael Hultström; Javid Hussain; Salman Hussain; Nawfal R. Hussein; Le Duc Huy; Hong-Han Huynh; Bing-Fang Hwang; Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye; Oluwatope Olaniyi Idowu; Desta Ijo; Kevin S. Ikuta; Mehran Ilaghi; Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi; Irena M. Ilic; Milena D. Ilic; Mustapha Immurana; Leeberk Raja Inbaraj; Arnaud Iradukunda; Farideh Iravanpour; Kenneth Chukwuemeka Iregbu; Md Rabiul Islam; Mohammad Mainul Islam; Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam; Farhad Islami; Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail; Gaetano Isola; Masao Iwagami; Chidozie C.D. Iwu; Chinwe Juliana Iwu-Jaja; Mahalaxmi Iyer; Linda Merin; Jalil Jaafari; Louis Jacob; Kathryn H. Jacobsen; Farhad Jadidi-Niaragh; Morteza Jafarinia; Khushleen Jaggi; Kasra Jahankhani; Nader Jahanmehr; Haitham Jahrami; Akhil Jain; Nityanand Jain; Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun; Mihajlo Jakovljevic; Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh; Elham Jamshidi; Chinmay T. Jani; Mark M. Janko; Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau; Sathish Kumar Jayapal; Shubha Jayaram; Jayakumar Jeganathan; Alelign Tasew Jema; Digisie Mequanint Jemere; Wonjeong Jeong; Anil K. Jha; Ravi Prakash Jha; John S. Ji; Heng Jiang; Yingzhao Jin; Yinzi Jin; Olatunji Johnson; Nabi Jomehzadeh; Darwin Phan Jones; Tamas Joo; Abel Joseph; Nitin Joseph; Charity Ehimwenma Joshua; Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak; Mikk Jürisson; Billingsley Kaambwa; Ali Kabir; Hannaneh Kabir; Zubair Kabir; Vidya Kadashetti; Farima Kahe; Pradnya Vishal Kakodkar; Rizwan Kalani; Leila R. Kalankesh; Feroze Kaliyadan; Sanjay Kalra; Ashwin Kamath; Arun Kamireddy; Thanigaivelan Kanagasabai; Himal Kandel; Edmund Wedam Kanmiki; Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi; Rami S. Kantar; Neeti Kapoor; Mehrdad Karajizadeh; Behzad Karami Matin; Shama D. Karanth; Ibraheem M. Karaye; Asima Karim; Hanie Karimi; Salah Eddin Karimi; Arman Karimi Behnagh; Samad Karkhah; Ajit K. Karna; Faizan Zaffar Kashoo; Hengameh Kasraei; Nigussie Assefa Kassaw; Nicholas J. Kassebaum; Molly B. Kassel; Adarsh Katamreddy; Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi; Patrick D.M.C. Katoto; Joonas H. Kauppila; Navjot Kaur; Neda Kaydi; Jeanne Françoise Kayibanda; Gbenga A. Kayode; Foad Kazemi; Sina Kazemian; Sara Kazeminia; Leila Keikavoosi-Arani; Cathleen Keller; John H. Kempen; Jessica A. Kerr; Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot; Mohammad Keykhaei; Mohamad Mehdi Khadembashiri; Mohammad Amin Khadembashiri; Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie; Himanshu Khajuria; Mohammad Khalafi; Amirmohammad Khalaji; Nauman Khalid; Ibrahim A. Khalil; Faham Khamesipour; Asaduzzaman Khan; Gulfaraz Khan; Ikramullah Khan; Imteyaz A. Khan; Maseer Khan; Moien A.B. Khan; Taimoor Khan; Mahammed Ziauddin Khan Suheb; Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi; Khaled Khatab; Fatemeh Khatami; Armin Khavandegar; Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani; Khalid A. Kheirallah; Feriha Fatima Khidri; Elaheh Khodadoust; Moein Khormali; Mahmood Khosrowjerdi; Jagdish Khubchandani; Helda Khusun; Zemene Demelash Kifle; Grace Kim; Jihee Kim; Ruth W. Kimokoti; Kasey E. Kinzel; Girmay Tsegay Kiross; Adnan Kisa; Sezer Kisa; Juniper Boroka Kiss; Mika Kivimäki; Desmond Klu; Ann Kristin Skrindo Knudsen; Ali-Asghar Kolahi; Farzad Kompani; Gerbrand Koren; Soewarta Kosen; Karel Kostev; Ashwin Laxmikant Kotnis; Parvaiz A. Koul; Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana; Ai Koyanagi; Michael A. Kravchenko; Kewal Krishan; Hare Krishna; Vijay Krishnamoorthy; Yuvaraj Krishnamoorthy; Kris J. Krohn; Barthelemy Kuate Defo; Connor M. Kubeisy; Burcu Kucuk Bicer; Md Abdul Kuddus; Mohammed Kuddus; Ilari Kuitunen; Omar Kujan; Mukhtar Kulimbet; Vishnutheertha Kulkarni; Ashish Kumar; Harish Kumar; Nithin Kumar; Rahul Kumar; Shiv Kumar; Madhulata Kumari; Almagul Kurmanova; Om P. Kurmi; Asep Kusnali; Dian Kusuma; Tezer Kutluk; Ambily Kuttikkattu; Evans F. Kyei; Ilias Kyriopoulos; Carlo La Vecchia; Muhammad Awwal Ladan; Lucie Laflamme; Chandrakant Lahariya; Abdelilah Lahmar; Daphne Teck Ching Lai; Tri Laksono; Dharmesh Kumar Lal; Ratilal Lalloo; Tea Lallukka; Judit Lám; Demetris Lamnisos; Tuo Lan; Francesco Lanfranchi; Berthold Langguth; Van Charles Lansingh; Ariane Laplante-Lévesque; Bagher Larijani; Anders O. Larsson; Savita Lasrado; Kamaluddin Latief; Mahrukh Latif; Kaveh Latifinaibin; Paolo Lauriola; Long Khanh Dao Le; Nhi Huu Hanh Le; Thao Thi Thu Le; Trang Diep Thanh Le; Munjae Lee; Paul H. Lee; Sang-Woong Lee; Seung Won Lee; Wei-Chen Lee; Yo Han Lee; Samson Mideksa Legesse; James Leigh; Jacopo Lenzi; Elvynna Leong; Temesgen L. Lerango; Ming-Chieh Li; Wei Li; Xiaopan Li; Yichong Li; Zhihui Li; Massimo Libra; Virendra S. Ligade; Andrew Tiyamike Makhiringa Likaka; Lee-Ling Lim; Ro-Ting Lin; Shuzhi Lin; Vasileios-Arsenios Lioutas; Stefan Listl; Jue Liu; Simin Liu; Xiaofeng Liu; Katherine M. Livingstone; Erand Llanaj; Chun-Han Lo; Arianna Maever Loreche; László Lorenzovici; Mojgan Lotfi; Masoud Lotfizadeh; Rafael Lozano; Jailos Lubinda; Giancarlo Lucchetti; Alessandra Lugo; Raimundas Lunevicius
Background: Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 provides new demographic estimates for 204 countries and territories and 811 additional subnational locations from 1950 to 2021, with a particular emphasis on changes in mortality and life expectancy that occurred during the 2020–21 COVID-19 pandemic period. Methods: 22 223 data sources from vital registration, sample registration, surveys, censuses, and other sources were used to estimate mortality, with a subset of these sources used exclusively to estimate excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic. 2026 data sources were used for population estimation. Additional sources were used to estimate migration; the effects of the HIV epidemic; and demographic discontinuities due to conflicts, famines, natural disasters, and pandemics, which are used as inputs for estimating mortality and population. Spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression (ST-GPR) was used to generate under-5 mortality rates, which synthesised 30 763 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 1365 surveys and censuses, and 80 other sources. ST-GPR was also used to estimate adult mortality (between ages 15 and 59 years) based on information from 31 642 location-years of vital registration and sample registration data, 355 surveys and censuses, and 24 other sources. Estimates of child and adult mortality rates were then used to generate life tables with a relational model life table system. For countries with large HIV epidemics, life tables were adjusted using independent estimates of HIV-specific mortality generated via an epidemiological analysis of HIV prevalence surveys, antenatal clinic serosurveillance, and other data sources. Excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021 was determined by subtracting observed all-cause mortality (adjusted for late registration and mortality anomalies) from the mortality expected in the absence of the pandemic. Expected mortality was calculated based on historical trends using an ensemble of models. In location-years where all-cause mortality data were unavailable, we estimated excess mortality rates using a regression model with covariates pertaining to the pandemic. Population size was computed using a Bayesian hierarchical cohort component model. Life expectancy was calculated using age-specific mortality rates and standard demographic methods. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were calculated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered values from a 1000-draw posterior distribution. Findings: Global all-cause mortality followed two distinct patterns over the study period: age-standardised mortality rates declined between 1950 and 2019 (a 62·8% [95% UI 60·5–65·1] decline), and increased during the COVID-19 pandemic period (2020–21; 5·1% [0·9–9·6] increase). In contrast with the overall reverse in mortality trends during the pandemic period, child mortality continued to decline, with 4·66 million (3·98–5·50) global deaths in children younger than 5 years in 2021 compared with 5·21 million (4·50–6·01) in 2019. An estimated 131 million (126–137) people died globally from all causes in 2020 and 2021 combined, of which 15·9 million (14·7–17·2) were due to the COVID-19 pandemic (measured by excess mortality, which includes deaths directly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection and those indirectly due to other social, economic, or behavioural changes associated with the pandemic). Excess mortality rates exceeded 150 deaths per 100 000 population during at least one year of the pandemic in 80 countries and territories, whereas 20 nations had a negative excess mortality rate in 2020 or 2021, indicating that all-cause mortality in these countries was lower during the pandemic than expected based on historical trends. Between 1950 and 2021, global life expectancy at birth increased by 22·7 years (20·8–24·8), from 49·0 years (46·7–51·3) to 71·7 years (70·9–72·5). Global life expectancy at birth declined by 1·6 years (1·0–2·2) between 2019 and 2021, reversing historical trends. An increase in life expectancy was only observed in 32 (15·7%) of 204 countries and territories between 2019 and 2021. The global population reached 7·89 billion (7·67–8·13) people in 2021, by which time 56 of 204 countries and territories had peaked and subsequently populations have declined. The largest proportion of population growth between 2020 and 2021 was in sub-Saharan Africa (39·5% [28·4–52·7]) and south Asia (26·3% [9·0–44·7]). From 2000 to 2021, the ratio of the population aged 65 years and older to the population aged younger than 15 years increased in 188 (92·2%) of 204 nations. Interpretation: Global adult mortality rates markedly increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 and 2021, reversing past decreasing trends, while child mortality rates continued to decline, albeit more slowly than in earlier years. Although COVID-19 had a substantial impact on many demographic indicators during the first 2 years of the pandemic, overall global health progress over the 72 years evaluated has been profound, with considerable improvements in mortality and life expectancy. Additionally, we observed a deceleration of global population growth since 2017, despite steady or increasing growth in lower-income countries, combined with a continued global shift of population age structures towards older ages. These demographic changes will likely present future challenges to health systems, economies, and societies. The comprehensive demographic estimates reported here will enable researchers, policy makers, health practitioners, and other key stakeholders to better understand and address the profound changes that have occurred in the global health landscape following the first 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic, and longer-term trends beyond the pandemic. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Milk-borne parasitic zoonoses
(Elsevier, 2024) Dipanwita Bhattacharya; Annada Das; Souti Prasad Sarkhel; Kaushik Satyaprakash
Milk is a valuable source of nutrients, particularly for vulnerable populations such as children, pregnant women, and people with compromised immune systems. However, untreated milk can aid the transmission of some zoonotic pathogens and parasites and cause foodborne outbreaks with moderately high fatality rates. Raw milk can harbour numerous zoonotic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, and parasites. Enteropathogenic bacteria are the primary cause of hospitalisations among many milk-borne pathogens. In contrast, milk-borne parasitic infections can lead to significant fatalities, particularly in the case of affecting the vital organs. Consuming raw milk poses inherent risks due to the potential shedding of toxocara larvae and toxoplasma tachyzoites by the infected lactating animals. Additionally, milk-borne zoonotic outbreaks of cryptosporidiosis, giardiasis, and cysticercosis can occur due to faecal and environmental contamination of milk and milk products. Ensuring milk safety requires eliminating post-processing contamination routes and enforcing the proper pasteurisation of milk products. Improving hygiene and sanitation standards, tamper-proof packaging, automated refrigeration systems, and early marketing systems provide effective preventive measures. Zoonotic milk-borne parasitic infections are rare in communities but require proper therapeutic care and interventions. Therefore, this study details some of the most reported milk-borne parasitic diseases and their transmission routes, symptoms, diagnosis, and existing preventive measures. Increasing public awareness and intervention strategies can minimise the risk of future community outbreaks of milk-borne parasitic zoonoses, while early diagnosis and treatment are crucial in averting fatalities in risk-prone communities. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Influence of chemical reaction on transient natural convective flow in an infinite vertical cylinder packed with porous material
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Anurag; Anand Kumar; A.K. Singh; Atul Jakhar
A study of mass and heat transport on fully developed laminar and transient free convective flow in a vertical cylinder containing a porous substance inside it. The Laplace Transform Method (LTM) is used to solve the governing equations with suitable boundary conditions. A compact form solution represented by using Bessel and modified Bessel functions. The numerical results were thoroughly scrutinized using graphs and tables to illustrate the effects of newly discovered fluid characteristics, including time, Grashof, mass Grashof, Schmidt, Prandtl, Darcy numbers, viscosity ratio on the concentration and the velocity profiles. The velocity and concentration profiles progressively increase with varying time values until reaching a steady state. Furthermore, it is found that the velocity profiles are decreased by the Prandtl, Schmidt number, and viscosity ratio. In contrast, the Darcy, Grashof, and mass Grashof numbers exhibit an opposite effect. The rate of mass transport, skin friction, and mass flux are presented in tables. The major finding of the current research is that the viscosity ratio parameter decelerates the skin friction and mass flux. This study has potential applications in innovative fields such as solar energy systems, chemical engineering processes, etc. © 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
Regional landslide susceptibility zonation utilizing bivariate statistical techniques in the northwestern Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir, India
(Springer, 2024) Imran Khan; Harish Bahuguna; Ashutosh Kainthola
This research focuses on assessing landslide susceptibility in the Jammu and Kashmir (J&K) region of the northwestern Himalayas, which is known for its high incidence of landslides. Utilizing advanced geographic information system (GIS) techniques, 18 influencing factors, including terrain characteristics, land use, rainfall, and lithology, were incorporated to create a comprehensive landslide susceptibility map (LSM). Leveraging a robust database comprising 6669 landslides, with 70% utilized for modelling and 30% for validation, the study utilized a Yule's coefficient (YC). The resulting LSM, categorized into five susceptibility zones, indicates that one third of the study area is highly susceptible to landslides, with 9.9, 23.9, 27.9, 23.1, and 15.2% falling into very high, high, moderate, low, and very low susceptibility zones, respectively. The model’s accuracy was validated with an 80.9% success rate through receiver operating curve (ROC) analysis. This LSM serves as a crucial tool for regional planning and management, providing valuable insights to mitigate landslide hazards. It facilitates informed decision-making and proactive measures and enhances resilience in landslide-prone areas, thereby contributing to the sustainable development and safety of the J&K Himalayan region. © Indian Academy of Sciences 2024.
Dithiocarbamate-based novel anti-histaminic agents: synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and thermal study
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Anupam Singh; Rajesh Kumar; Riya Patel; None Trishna; Ram Nayan Gautam; M.K. Bharty; Lal Bahadur Prasad
A new N-(4-fluorobenzyl) N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl) dithiocarbamate ligand (fbpm) having structural similarity to clinically approved antihistaminic drugs (viz. pheniramine, chlorpheniramine, and brompheniramine) and its four metal complexes [Co(fbpm)3] (1), [Ni(fbpm)2] (2), [Cu(fbpm)2] (3), and [Zn(fbpm)2] (4) were successfully synthesized and characterized by various techniques i.e. elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopy, HR-MS, NMR spectroscopy, and absorption and emission spectroscopy. Furthermore, complexes 1 and 2 were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Complex 1 adopts distorted octahedral geometry around the Co(iii) center while complex 2 adopts distorted square planar geometry around the Zn(ii) center. X-ray data also showed various weak intermolecular C-H⋯F and C-H⋯N hydrogen bonding interactions leading to supramolecular architectures in complexes 1 and 2. The thermal decomposition study of complexes 1-4 analyzed by TGA shows that they are thermally stable up to 150 °C and also gives strong evidence for the formation of respective metal sulfides at higher temperatures. The antihistaminic activity of the ligand (fbpm) and its complexes 1-4 was examined against clonidine and haloperidol-induced catalepsy in Swiss albino mice of either gender in an in vivo animal model. The result shows that these synthesized compounds have antihistaminic potential to inhibit clonidine-induced catalepsy and may be targeted for different allergic conditions. Complex 3 showed maximum reduction in clonidine-induced catalepsy after 180 minutes of treatment when compared with the induced control. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
New species and new records of fruit flies of tribe Acanthonevrini (Diptera: Tephritidae: Phytalmiinae) from India
(Magnolia Press, 2024) K.J. David; D.L. Hancock; S. Salini; Kennedy Ningthoujam; Hatwar Nikhil Khemrajji; V. Abhishek; R.G. Gracy; S.N. Sushil
Two new species of Phytalmiinae belonging to the tribe Acanthonevrini are described from India, namely Ptilona confracta David & Hancock, sp. nov. from Arunachal Pradesh and Tritaeniopteron obscurum David, Salini & Nikhil, sp. nov. from Karnataka. Tritaeniopteron de Meijere is recorded for the first time from India based on the new species T. obscurum; male and female syntypes of T. punctatipleurum (Senior-White) are dissected and illustrated. A female of Erectovena desperata (Hering), both sexes of Felderimyia gombakensis Hancock & Drew and Phorelliosoma hilaratum Hering, recorded for the first time from India are dissected and illustrated. An illustrated key to 23 species of Acanthonevrini belonging to 12 genera from India is included. DNA barcode sequences of Felderimyia fuscipennis Hendel, Ptilona confracta, P. confinis (Walker), Rioxoptilona dunlopi (van der Wulp) and Themara yunnana Zia were obtained and reported. Copyright © 2024 Magnolia Press.
Non-canonical non-genomic morphogen signaling in anucleate platelets: a critical determinant of prothrombotic function in circulation
(BioMed Central Ltd, 2024) Paresh P. Kulkarni; Mohammad Ekhlak; Debabrata Dash
Circulating platelets derived from bone marrow megakaryocytes play a central role in thrombosis and hemostasis. Despite being anucleate, platelets express several proteins known to have nuclear niche. These include transcription factors and steroid receptors whose non-genomic functions are being elucidated in platelets. Quite remarkably, components of some of the best-studied morphogen pathways, namely Notch, Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), and Wnt have also been described in recent years in platelets, which regulate platelet function in the context of thrombosis as well as influence their survival. Shh and Notch pathways in stimulated platelets establish feed-forward loops of autocrine/juxtacrine/paracrine non-canonical signaling that helps perpetuate thrombosis. On the other hand, non-canonical Wnt signaling is part of a negative feedback loop for restricting platelet activation and possibly limiting thrombus growth. The present review will provide an overview of these signaling pathways in general. We will then briefly discuss the non-genomic roles of transcription factors and steroid receptors in platelet activation. This will be followed by an elaborate description of morphogen signaling in platelets with a focus on their bearing on platelet activation leading to hemostasis and thrombosis as well as their potential for therapeutic targeting in thrombotic disorders. © 2023, The Author(s).
Tetranuclear PdII Complexes Containing an Adamantane-Based Tetra-MIC Ligand: Ancillary-Ligand-Dependent Catalytic and Redox Activities
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Bhaskar Mondal; Rajat Naskar; Jayanta Bag; Somenath Garai; Ramananda Maity
The novel tetra-triazolium salt 1, featuring a tetrasubstituted central adamantane backbone, is introduced for the synthesis of tetranuclear PdII MIC complexes by quadruple C5-H deprotonation and subsequent addition of the corresponding PdII precursors. The three newly prepared palladium(II) complexes appeared to be stable and have been characterized using standard spectroscopic and HRMS techniques. The molecular structure of the tetranuclear PdII complex bearing a 4-methoxypyridine ligand has been established by using single-crystal XRD. All three newly prepared tetranuclear PdII complexes appeared as active precatalysts for the Sonogashira coupling reaction, which occurred in a homogeneous fashion; however, only the palladium(II) complex bearing a combination of MIC and phosphine ligands was found to be active for the intermolecular α-arylation of 1-methyl-2-oxindole, as the complexes bearing a pyridine or a 4-methoxypyridine ligand decomposed to Pd0 NPs and appeared to be inactive in the α-arylation reaction. The ancillary-ligand-dependent (Py vs PPh3) interplay between homogeneous and heterogeneous catalyses has also been correlated with the catalytic outcomes in α-arylation of 1-methyl-2-oxindole. The electrochemical responses of these complexes have been measured, and the effect of ancillary ligands in both electrochemistry and catalysis has also been examined. © 2024 American Chemical Society.
Synthetic Microfibres: Sources, Fate, and Toxicity
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Chanchal Sharma; Gourav Sarkar; Charu Dogra Rawat
Synthetic microfibers (SMFs) are a class of non-biodegradable polymers having a length of less than 5 mm and diameter of less than 10 µm. They consist of nylon, polyester, rayon, polyethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, acrylic, spandex and other synthetic materials, mostly manufactured from petroleum derivatives They can enter the environment from both primary sources: during the manufacturing of textiles, or secondary sources: due to usage of textiles and disintegration of larger plastic items. Like plastics in general, they display resistance to natural breakdown, and their minuscule dimensions make them challenging to identify and study, resulting in their prolonged existence in the environment. The water ecosystem is most affected by this microscopic threat, where they can be ingested by various marine life forms, affect their metabolism, movement, and digestion, and eventually deteriorate them to death. They also pose an underlying harm to humans since they can reach the tissues via diet. This chapter explores the origin of SMFs from various sources—air, sea, and land-based sources, their fate in the ecosystem, and their toxic effects on life forms. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
The isoperimetric problem in Randers Poincaré disc
(World Scientific, 2024) Arti Sahu Gangopadhyay; Ranadip Gangopadhyay; Hemangi Madhusudan Shah; Bankteshwar Tiwari
It is known that a simply connected Riemann surface satisfies the isoperimetric equality if and only if it has constant Gaussian curvature. In this paper, we show that the circles centered at origin in the Randers Poincaré disc satisfy the isoperimetric equality with respect to different volume forms however, these Randers metrics do not necessarily have constant (negative) flag curvature. In particular, we show that Osserman's result [12] of the Riemannian case cannot be extended to the Finsler geometry as such. © 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company.
DARCVAA: A Deep Neural Networks Based Framework for Detecting Adverse Reactions of COVID-19 Vaccines and Association Analysis
(Springer, 2024) Ngamwal Sinruwng; Yogita; Vipin Pal; Anshul Verma
In response to the global COronaVIrus Disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, widespread vaccination campaigns were initiated worldwide. To minimise Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) linked to the vaccines, extensive pre-clinical trials and post-marketing surveillance activities were undertaken in a traditional setting. However, there has been a limited exploration of social media data for this purpose. As social media data is composed of real-time user experiences on vaccines, its analysis is pivotal for understanding vaccine safety. This work proposes a framework named Detecting Adverse Reactions of COVID-19 Vaccines and Association Analysis (DARCVAA). It employs four Deep Neural Networks (DNN) based classification models to detect ADRs of COVID-19 vaccines from Reddit’s posts. Further, it uses the Apriori algorithm to extract associations between vaccines and ADRs to comprehensively understand their relationships. The statistical significance of the extracted associations has been evaluated in terms of support and confidence. The proposed framework has been applied to a dataset collected from Reddit’s platform from September 2020 to July 2021 and annotated with the help of a medical expert. The experimental results showed that the proposed framework has outperformed six state-of-the-art detection models, which include Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers (BERT), Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers for Biomedical Text Mining (BioBERT), Vaccine Adverse Events-Mine (VAEM-Mine), Vaccine Adverse Events (VAE), Support Vector Machines (SVM) and Naıve Bayes (NB) in respect to precision, recall, F1-score and accuracy. The identified ADRs have been validated from the official surveillance reports, and the validation results have proven the efficacy of the proposed framework toward ADR detection and capturing possibly emerging ADRs. The analysis of detected ADRs in terms of frequent ADRs, ADRs unique to vaccines and genders and associations of vaccines and ADRs has led to promising insights into the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024.
Microbial-derived metal nanoparticles: Applications and perspective
(Elsevier, 2024) Soumya Shephalika Dash; Sagnika Das; Gouranga Saw; Partha Sarathi Tripathy; Kaushik Kumar Das; Subrata Goswami
Microbial-derived metal nanoparticles (MtNPs) have garnered significant attention as a novel class of nanomaterials with diverse applications across various domains. These nanoparticles, synthesized through the reduction of metal ions by a plethora of microorganisms including bacteria, fungi, algae, and viruses, have sparked significant interest due to their unique physicochemical properties and versatile applications. The unique synthesis mechanisms employed by microorganisms enable precise control over the size, shape, and composition of the resulting nanoparticles, offering advantages over conventional chemical synthesis methods. MtNPs exhibit exceptional catalytic, optical, and antimicrobial properties, making them promising candidates for applications in catalysis, sensing, imaging, and drug delivery. They also exhibit remarkable efficacy in environmental remediation, offering sustainable solutions for pollution control, wastewater treatment, and soil restoration. In agriculture, MtNPs offer avenues for enhancing crop yield, nutrient uptake, and pest management, thereby contributing to food security and sustainable agriculture practices. Additionally, their biocompatibility and low toxicity make them suitable for biomedical applications, including cancer therapy, wound healing, and diagnostic imaging. Furthermore, the sustainable and eco-friendly synthesis routes employed in their production align with the growing emphasis on green nanotechnology. Nevertheless, the burgeoning field of MtNPs holds great promise for addressing pressing societal and environmental challenges while fostering innovation in nanotechnology, but challenges such as scalability, reproducibility, and standardization remain, necessitating further research and development efforts. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Exploring the Concept of Self-Similarity and High-Frequency Decay Kappa-Model and fmax-Model Using Strong-Motion Surface and Borehole Data of Japan: A Statistical Approach
(Springer International Publishing, 2024) Rohtash Kumar; Raghav Singh; Amritansh Rai; Sandeep; S.P. Singh; S.P. Maurya; Prashant Kumar Singh
We statistically analyzed the fmax-model, κ-model and stress drop (Δσ) using surface and borehole data of the KIK-NET Japan seismological network. The statistical tests show no contribution of source in the fmax-model and κ-model. The ‘fmax’ values obtained in the present study are 4.2–11.0 Hz and 5–11.0 Hz for surface and borehole data, respectively. The impact of local heterogeneities and wave propagation path is clearly visible on both surface and borehole fmax-models. The same is confirmed by the p-value ‘t-test’. The multivariate linear regression (MVLR) has been applied for the analysis of dependent variables ‘κ(s)’ and ‘κ(w)’ w.r.t. independent variables epicentral distance and magnitude. The p-value calculated by t-test indicates the strong dependence of κ(s) and κ(w) on near-surface geology and the physical state of the wave travelling media but almost no contribution of magnitude. The contribution of near-surface geology in kappa values is also confirmed by the ‘κ0’ (kappa at epicentral distance = 0). The relationships between the fmax-model and the κ-model have been developed for the study region. The stress drop (Δσ(s)) assessed from surface data is 44.16-65.86 bars with an average value of 53.19 bars and borehole derived stress drop (Δσ(w)) is 46.38-68.13 bars with an average value of 54.16 bars. This study discards the effect of depth; type of earthquake, i.e. normal, reverse and strike-slip; and signal to noise ratio (SNR) on stress drop as there is no huge variation in both Δσ(s) and Δσ(w) with the seismic moment and source radius. Therefore, the study supports the concept of self-similarity. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Grazing exclusion restores soil health in Brazilian drylands under desertification process
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Antonio Yan Viana Lima; Maurício Roberto Cherubin; Danilo Ferreira da Silva; Jaedson Cláudio Anunciato Mota; Francisco Gilcivan Moreira Silva; Ademir Sérgio Ferreira de Araujo; Vania Maria Maciel Melo; Jay Prakash Verma; Arthur Prudêncio de Araujo Pereira
The Brazilian drylands (Caatinga biome) are facing accelerated soil desertification due to human activities (e.g., overgrazing). However, restoration practices (e.g., grazing exclusion), are promising to curb soil desertification and, eventually, increase soil functioning. However, the understanding of soil health (SH) changes, induced by desertification and restoration in the Caatinga biome remains, poorly understood. Here, the SMAF (Soil Management Assessment Framework) was applied to assess the impact of desertification and long-term grazing exclusion on the SH in the Caatinga biome. Three conditions were assessed: i) native vegetation (NV), ii) degraded soil by overgrazing (DE) and iii) restored soil by grazing exclusion (RE). Soil samples (0–10 cm) were collected in both rainy and dry seasons, and chemical (pH, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), K+, and P), physical (bulk soil density), and biological (soil organic carbon (SOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and β-glucosidase activity) indicators were analyzed. Then, integrated soil health indexes (SHI) were calculated using the SMAF algorithms. Briefly, DE reduced (0.44 and 0.47 in rainy and dry seasons, respectively) the SHI compared to NV (0.72 and 0.82 in rainy and dry seasons, respectively). Importantly, RE recovered SH after two decades of implantation (0.65 and 0.79 in rainy and dry seasons, respectively). Bulk soil density and SAR were the indicators that presented a higher negative correlation with SH, mainly in DE, while SOC, MBC, and β-glucosidase activity correlated with SH in NV and RE soils. Biological soil health indicators increased in dry season, which may be due to the deciduous behavior of Caatinga vegetation, which could intensify microbial activity. We provided novel evidence that SMAF can be a user-friendly tool to monitor changes in SH under Brazilian drylands soils. In addition, long-term grazing exclusion can restore SH, contributing to curbing the desertification process in the region. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Pyrene-Appended Luminescent Probes for Selective Detection of Toxic Heavy Metals and Live Cell Applications
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Ankur Srivastava; Gargi Mishra; Amit Kumar Pathak; Saurabh Pandey; Chhama Awasthi; Mrituanjay D. Pandey; Kamalakanta Behera
Heavy metal contamination has become a global environmental problem and currently drawn much attention from researchers in worldwide. High exposure to heavy metals can lead to problems like kidney, liver and brain damage, skin and lung cancer, etc. Rapid and sensitive detection of heavy metals is of immense importance in environmental monitoring. Over the past few decades, enormous efforts have been made to design various sensors to identify and monitor these harmful metal ions. In Comparison with other methods, fluorescence-based chemosensors have received extensive attention because of the advantages of high sensitivity, low cost, real-time monitoring, simple operation, etc. The pyrene derivatives are significant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with strong fluorescence. They are widely used as fluorescent probes in many applications due to their easy modification, high fluorescence quantum yield, and strong fluorescence emission in live cells, outstanding cell permeability, and very low cytotoxicity. The SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation alarm a strong strategy, and careful identification of the risk connected to environmental pollutants needs urgent attention in this situation. Therefore, we highlight different types of pyrene-based fluorophores and the fluorescence mechanisms for the sensitive and selective detection methodology of Arsenic, Mercury, Cadmium, Lead, and Chromium heavy metals. © 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.