2024

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2D material–based surface plasmon resonance biosensors for applications in different domains: an insight
(Springer, 2024) Prateek Kumar Yadav; Awadhesh Kumar; Satyam Upadhyay; Anil Kumar; Amit Srivastava; Monika Srivastava; S.K. Srivastava
The design of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors has been greatly enhanced in recent years by the advancements in the production and integration of nanostructures, leading to more compact and efficient devices. There have been reports of novel SPR sensors having distinct nanostructures, either as signal amplification tags like gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) or as sensing substrate-like two-dimensional (2D) materials including graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), MXene, black phosphorus (BP), metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), and antimonene. Such 2D-based SPR biosensors offer advantages over conventional sensors due to significant increases in their sensitivity with a good figure of merit and limit of detection (LOD). Due to their atomically thin structure, improved sensitivity, and sophisticated functionalization capabilities, 2D materials can open up new possibilities in the field of healthcare, particularly in point-of-care diagnostics, environmental and food monitoring, homeland security protection, clinical diagnosis and treatment, and flexible or transient bioelectronics. The present study articulates an in-depth analysis of the most recent developments in 2D material–based SPR sensor technology. Moreover, in-depth research of 2D materials, their integration with optoelectronic technology for a new sensing platform, and the predicted and experimental outcomes of various excitation approaches are highlighted, along with the principles of SPR biosensors. Furthermore, the review projects the potential prospects and future trends of these emerging materials-based SPR biosensors to advance in clinical diagnosis, healthcare biochemical, and biological applications. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature 2024.
A comparative analysis of mycobacterial ribonucleases: Towards a therapeutic novel drug target
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Lav Kumar Jaiswal; Rakesh Kumar Singh; Tanmayee Nayak; Anuja Kakkar; Garima Kandwal; Vijay Shankar Singh; Ankush Gupta
Bacterial responses to continuously changing environments are addressed through modulation of gene expression at the level of transcription initiation, RNA processing and/or decay. Ribonucleases (RNases) are hydrolytic or phosphorolytic enzymes involved in a majority of RNA metabolism reactions. RNases play a crucial role in RNA degradation, either independently or in collaboration with various trans-acting regulatory factors. The genus Mycobacterium consists of five subgenera: Mycobacteroides, Mycolicibacterium, Mycobacterium, Mycolicibacter and Mycolicibacillus, which include 63 fully sequenced species (pathogenic/non-pathogenic) to date. These include 13 different RNases, among which 5 are exonucleases (RNase PH, PNPase, RNase D, nano-RNases and RNase AS) and 8 are endonucleases (RNase J, RNase H, RNase P, RNase III, RNase BN, RNase Z, RNase G and RNase E), although RNase J and RNase BN were later identified to have exoribonuclease functions also. Here, we provide a detailed comparative insight into the Escherichia coli and mycobacterial RNases with respect to their types, phylogeny, structure, function, regulation and mechanism of action, with the main emphasis on RNase E. Among these 13 different mycobacterial RNases, 10 are essential for cell survival and have diverse structures hence, they are promising drug targets. RNase E is also an essential endonuclease that is abundant in many bacteria, forms an RNA degradosome complex that controls central RNA processing/degradation and has a conserved 5′ sensor domain/DNase-I like region in its RNase domain. The essential mycobacterial RNases especially RNase E provide a potential repertoire of drug targets that can be exploited for inhibitor/modulator screening against many deadly mycobacterial diseases. © 2024 The Authors
A comprehensive expedition of tauopathies in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE): a narrative review
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Nikhil Pandey; Niraj Kumar Srivastava; Anand Kumar; Ibrahim Hussain; Deepika Joshi
Introduction: Tauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the abnormal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the brain. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) caused by a latent aberrant measles virus infection, is characterized by extensive inflammation and neuronal impairment. A prominent pathological hallmark of SSPE described recently is the accumulation of abnormal tau protein possibly resulting from diffuse brain inflammation triggered by measles virus infection. Short summary: Understanding the role of tau pathophysiology in SSPE is crucial for improving the diagnosis and management of this debilitating condition. Current research suggests that persistent measles virus infection in the brain leads to chronic inflammation, which in turn triggers abnormal tau phosphorylation and accumulation. Further elucidating the precise mechanisms linking measles virus infection, neuro-inflammation, and tauopathy in SSPE is essential for developing targeted therapies. Conclusion: This narrative review provides valuable insights for both researchers and clinicians in understanding the pathological mechanisms underlying SSPE which is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. These might include antiviral drugs to combat persistent infection, anti-inflammatory agents to reduce neuro-inflammation, or even treatments targeting tau pathology directly. Collaborative efforts among researchers, clinicians, and public health authorities are crucial for advancing our understanding of SSPE to combat this devastating disorder. © The Author(s) 2024.
A Comprehensive Review of Novel Emerging Electrolytes for Supercapacitors: Aqueous and Organic Electrolytes Versus Ionic Liquid-Based Electrolytes
(American Chemical Society, 2024) Moumita Saha; Ambrish Kumar; Rahul Kanaoujiya; Kamalakanta Behera; Shruti Trivedi
Storage of energy is essential to meet the daily demand for powering portable devices. This necessitates the development of storage systems such as supercapacitors (SCs), batteries, and solar cells. SCs have garnered a lot of attention for their ability to provide a massive amount of power. Nevertheless, traditional mechanisms fall short of our expectations. Ionic liquids (ILs), the evolutionary green designer solvents, are efficient enough to substitute for conventional electrolytes such as aqueous or organic electrolytes in SCs. A limited potential window of aqueous electrolytes restricts the performance of high energy electrodes. In contrast, organic electrolytes with high volatility, flammability, and lack of tunability are not suitable for long-term and robust applications. Beneficial properties of ILs such as negligible volatility, high thermal, chemical, and electrochemical stability have overcome many restrictions in SCs and improved their overall performances. ILs can be used as standalone electrolyte or can be mixed with organic electrolytes, redox elements, and polymers to obtain electrolytes for SCs. The structure of anions and cations has been found to significantly influence overall electrochemical performances. ILs benefit SCs with a wider working voltage, temperature range, and better energy density. ILs have been utilized not only as electrolytes but also in the synthesis of electrode materials. Consequently, it is essential to discuss recent findings and the function of ILs in achieving higher-performing SCs. This review mainly highlights the most recent findings on the use of ILs-based electrolytes and electrodes in supercapacitors. © 2024 American Chemical Society
A comprehensive review on CFD simulations of left ventricle hemodynamics: numerical methods, experimental validation techniques, and emerging trends
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Priyanshu Soni; Sumit Kumar; B. V. Rathish Kumar; Sanjay Kumar Rai; Ashish Verma; Om Shankar
Globally, high death rates due to heart failure are an essential topic in medical research. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of cardiac dysfunction and collapse, with high mortality and morbidity rates. Early diagnosis and prognosis of CVD will reduce the risk of cardiovascular conditions. It is essential to develop various tools that provide accurate, real-time insight into the heart's physiology, functionality, and cardiac events. Due to the dispersed nature of the information and the reported results, a comprehensive literature review is required because there is a shortage of data about the hemodynamics analysis of blood flow in the ventricular region. Therefore, reviewing the status of hemodynamics analysis of ventricle blood flow is the prime importance of this review article. This article reviews the numerous investigations conducted over the past 15 years to simulate ventricular blood flow using experimental and computational techniques on patient-specific models or idealized models with or without specific medical conditions. This article discusses the fundamentals of hemodynamic analysis, such as the geometry types of a particular cardiac phase, medical conditions, and medical imaging methods. Recent developments in hemodynamic analysis, such as AI, HPC, and digital twins, were also mentioned in this comprehensive review study. This review article concluded that improvements in medical image processing and data acquisition techniques are needed to obtain accurate information regarding the functioning of the heart. Our review of previous studies shows that blood flow simulation is developing into a proper medical tool for instant heart function diagnosis. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to The Brazilian Society of Mechanical Sciences and Engineering 2024.
A comprehensive review on donkey milk and its products: Composition, functionality and processing aspects
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Sunil Meena; Ganga Sahay Meena; Priyae Brath Gautam; Dinesh Chandra Rai; Samlesh Kumari
Demand of donkey milk is globally increasing because of its important nutritional characteristics, functional properties and pleasant sensory attributes. Donkey milk is highly appreciated for its low energy value, higher content of polyunsaturated fatty acids, essential amino acids and lactose content compared to other (human, bovine and buffalo) milks. Strikingly, donkey milk possesses lower cholesterol, casein to whey protein ratio, higher Ca to P ratio and taurine content than bovine milk. Functional and health promoting attributes of donkey milk in terms of infant nutrition, cholesterol reduction, hypertension minimization, antimicrobial, immunomodulating activities and hypoallergenicity have been meticulously discussed. Apart from it, the scarce information and limited studies on the thermal and non-thermal processing of donkey milk have been clubbed for reader's convenience. In particular, the technological interventions for the formulation of different donkey milk-based products have been highlighted. Thus, donkey milk can be used as a substitute to human milk for infant nutrition and milk protein allergy. The literature review also lays emphasis on the nutritional and functional qualities of donkey milk, which can be retained to a better extent with non-thermal processing than its counterpart. © 2024 The Author(s)
A comprehensive review on phytochemicals as potential therapeutic agents for stress-induced gastric ulcer
(Springer, 2024) Naiyer Shahzad; Ibrahim Abdel Aziz Ibrahim; Abdullah R. Alzahrani; Saeed S. Al-Ghamdi; Ibrahim Mufadhi M. Alanazi; Md. Parwez Ahmad; Ambrish Kumar Singh; Mohammed Ayad Alruqi; Imran Shahid; Asif Equbal; Mohd Fahami Nur Azlina
Gastric ulcers are the most common chronic gastrointestinal tract disorders, marked by an inflamed break of the mucus membrane covering the alimentary tract. According to recent research, stress-induced ulcers are widespread in our society. A stress ulcer is a mucosal defect that may become complicated due to upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding. The underlying cause of this condition is pH. Physiological stress leads to severe sickness by triggering the excessive secretion of peptic juices or gastric acid. There is a never-ending quest for safe and affordable medication for this disorder. Nature offers many medicinal plants that can be used to treat a wide range of human ailments. Due to their relatively harmless and comparatively free of harmful effects, health-promoting features, pharmacological practices, and affordability to common people to regulate various diseases, medicinal plants, and herbal preparations are gaining a lot of interest in scientific communities these days. Many studies have recently been performed to classify extracts and their constituents that may have a therapeutic effect on peptic ulcers. Therefore, this review aims to address the molecular mechanisms and pharmacological effects of various phytochemicals related to stress-induced gastric ulcers. Combining phytochemical constituents with modern drugs and treatment methods can lead to the development of therapeutic drugs for gastric ulcers. Gastric ulcers and other related diseases may be treated permanently with this approach. © The Author(s) 2024.
A comprehensive review on structural and therapeutical insight of Cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST) - An important target for development of substrate reduction therapy against metachromatic leukodystrophy
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Nivedita Singh; Anil Kumar Singh
This review is an effort towards the development of substrate reduction therapy using cerebroside sulfotransferase (CST) as a target protein for the development of inhibitors intended to treat pathophysiological condition resulting from the accumulation of sulfatide, a product from the catalytic action of CST. Accumulation of sulfatides leads to progressive impairment and destruction of the myelin structure, disruption of normal physiological transmission of electrical impulse between nerve cells, axonal loss in the central and peripheral nervous system and cumulatively gives a clinical manifestation of metachromatic leukodystrophy. Thus, there is a need to develop specific and potent CST inhibitors to positively control sulfatide accumulation. Structural similarity and computational studies revealed that LYS85, SER172 and HIS141 are key catalytic residues that determine the catalytic action of CST through the transfer of sulfuryl group from the donor PAPS to the acceptor galactosylceramide. Computational studies revealed catalytic site of CST consists two binding site pocket including PAPS binding pocket and substrate binding pocket. Specific substrate site residues in CST can be targeted to develop specific CST inhibitors. This review also explores the challenges of CST-directed substrate reduction therapy as well as the opportunities available in natural products for inhibitor development. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
A Critical Review of Fabrication Strategies, Separation Techniques, Challenges, and Future Prospects for the Hydrogen Separation Membrane
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Vamsi Krishna Kudapa; Paramjeet Singh Paliyal; Arnab Mondal; Surajit Mondal
Fossil fuels provide over 80% of the world’s current energy demand, which results in the release of large amounts of greenhouse gases (GHGs). In contrast to the emissions of GHGs caused by the combustion of fossil fuels, hydrogen combustion produces only water as a waste product. Hydrogen is a more environmentally friendly alternative fuel. The production of hydrogen energy has the potential to address energy security issues such as climate change and air pollution. There is an increasing global interest in hydrogen, particularly green hydrogen, which is produced by electrolyzing water using power derived from renewable resources. Because of falling hydrogen prices and the growing urgency of decarbonization, global demand for hydrogen, headed by the transportation and industrial sectors, might increase by about 400% by 2050. Furthermore, using environmentally friendly hydrogen will result in a reduction of 3.6 gigatonnes of total carbon dioxide emissions between 2020 and 2050. Hydrogen has the highest energy density of any known fuel, and it is widely available in enormous quantities all over the planet. It is possible that by 2050, India’s need for hydrogen will have increased by a factor of 4, accounting for more than 10% of global consumption. Steel and heavy-duty transportation are expected to account for more than 52% of overall demand growth between now and 2050. The overall market value for environmentally friendly hydrogen in India might reach $8 billion by 2030 and $340 billion by 2050. Because India’s capacity to create power from renewable sources is growing all the time, the country now can produce hydrogen from ecologically beneficial sources such as solar and wind when demand is low. Physical adsorption and polymer membranes can be employed to extract hydrogen from crude hydrogen polluted with hydrocarbons. This can be done to clean the crude hydrogen. The purity of hydrogen is an important aspect in determining whether it can be used in the energy production process. Unlike other types of separation technologies, membrane processes can be used in both mobile and small-scale applications. The membrane may function properly under a wide range of pressure and temperature extremes. The fundamental objective and goal of the separation membrane is to be used in membrane reactors for synchronous hydrogen production and purification. Other competing methods, such as pressure swing adsorption and cryogenic distillation, do not compare favorably to the membrane separation approach at lower operating temperatures. This is because membrane separation takes fewer resources than other competing technologies, particularly ones that have been around for a longer time. This article discusses the various membranes that can be used for substance separation, how hydrogen separation membranes can be made using a variety of technologies, the challenges that are inherent in doing so, and the prospects for the future, particularly in terms of increasing the efficiency of hydrogen separation. © 2024 American Nuclear Society.
A critical review of occurrence, sources, fate, ecological risk, and health effect of emerging contaminants in water and wastewater
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Gurudatta Singh; Anubhuti Singh; Virendra Kumar Mishra
Emerging contaminants (ECs) are a diverse group of chemicals that have recently been identified as potential threats to human health and the environment. ECs are typically found at low concentrations (ng/L to ug/L) in water and wastewater, but they can bioaccumulate and biomagnified in the food chain, posing a risk to aquatic life and humans. Sources of these contaminants are diverse, with pharmaceuticals and personal care products entering the environment through human excretion, while industrial chemicals and pesticides are introduced through manufacturing processes and agricultural runoff. Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are often unable to remove ECs effectively so that they can increase in surface water, groundwater, and drinking water. The fate of ECs in the environment is complex. It depends on various factors, including the chemical properties of the EC, the environmental conditions, and the presence of other chemicals. ECs can be transported long distances in water and persist in the environment for years or even decades. Developing countries like India have limited information about most of the ECs. The ecological risks of ECs are not fully understood, but there is growing concern that they can have a negative impact on aquatic life and human health. Furthermore, the EC has undergone a detailed risk assessment examination, and the risk quotient (RQ) for different aquatic species with respect to corresponding contaminants is also calculated. Results imply that Paracetamol and Bisphenol-A have high RQ values for algae, fish and daphnia. Algae have shown substantially greater resilience to the action of ECs among the selected aquatic species. © 2024
A Critical Review on Uses of Gases in Veterinary Medicine and Gas Sensing Materials
(Engineered Science Publisher, 2024) Rai Dhirendra Prasad; Rai Surendra Prasad; Y.I. Shaikh; S.R. Prasad; M.N. Padvi; P.D. Sarvalkar; Sanjay Saxena; Viquar S. Shaikh; G.M. Nazeruddin; Sameer Shaikh; A.B. Kanwade; Naresh Charmode; Anil Kumar Vaidya; Om Prakash Shrivastav; C.B. Desai; P.D. Patil
In modern therapeutics, various gases are used as driving sources for ventilators and nebulizers. Medical gases are used in veterinary medicine and the biological sciences, including treating respiratory problems, managing strokes, preserving biological samples, anesthesia, organ cryopreservation, for forensic examinations, and for driving medical equipment and tools. In veterinary biotechnology, bovine sperm is often cryogenically preserved using liquid nitrogen. Here we attempt to give a broad overview of the implications of several gases used in biological and veterinary science. In the next part of this article, we will focus on the meaning of gas sensors, their types and functions. Detecting specific gases and their concentrations has become important for monitoring the environment, ensuring public safety, addressing health concerns, controlling chemical processing, and using gas molecules in agriculture and medicine. Materials for gas sensing have a long history of development. With advances in nanoscience and technology, researchers have effectively developed a number of transition metal oxides that can be used as gas-sensitive materials. Here, we discuss various materials used as gas sensors. Finally, the research progress of gas sensitive materials in recent years is discussed. © Engineered Science Publisher LLC 2024.
A New Clinical Classification Of Common Facial Clefts
(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2024) Prakash C. Sood; N.N. Khanna
A new clinically orientated classification of common facial clefts with an outline of deformities is being presented. This may advance the field of research and help in giving a better deal for the management of these malformations. © 2024 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.
A Review on Modern Characterization Techniques for Analysis of Nanomaterials and Biomaterials
(Engineered Science Publisher, 2024) Rai Dhirendra Prasad; Rai Surendra Prasad; Rai Bishvendra Prasad; Saurabh R. Prasad; Shashi Bhushan Singha; Anand Dev Singha; Rai Jitendra Prasad; Shivanand B. Teli; Pramode Sinha; Anil Kumar Vaidya; Sanjay Saxena; Umapati Rai Saxena; Avinash Harale; M.B. Deshmukh; M.N. Padvi; G.J. Navathe
This review is providing a comprehensive overview of essential genuine characterization techniques for nanomaterial and biomaterials exist in various forms. Nanoscience and nanotechnology are one of the trans scientific frontiers, multidisciplinary and environmentally sustainable research field. Today nanomaterials are widely employing in almost every branches of science and technology. As nanomaterials are invisible and unknown in size, shape, so it is enormously needy the advanced characterizations tools to visualize and analyze the materials at nanoscale. The characterization techniques are of paramount importance in the field of nanoscience and technology. This review is to summarize the present knowledge on the use, advances, advantages and weaknesses of a large number of experimental techniques that are available for the characterization of nanoparticles. Different characterization techniques are classified according to the concept or group of technique used, the information they can provide, or the materials that they are destined for. This review is more very much useful to beginner researcher and who are not aware with the advanced characterization techniques and data interpretation. © Engineered Science Publisher LLC 2024.
A review on sustainable approach of bioleaching of precious metals from electronic wastes
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Meghna Jaiswal; Sudhakar Srivastava
The development and widespread use of biomining are the result of the rising demand for metals. The depletion of organic resources, the abundance of low-grade metallic ores, and the vast production of metallic waste during mining and beneficiation processes have enhanced the need for biomining. Compared to high-energy-demanding and environmentally unsafe traditional mining techniques, the biomining approach is a revolutionary biotechnological technique. It is a sustainable alternative for extracting valuable metals from low-grade ores and waste materials by using microbes. Microbes have the capacity to catalyze biochemical processes, making it easier to solubilize and extract target metals from complicated mineral matrices. Notably, the redox processes, creation of organic or inorganic acids, and the release of complex agents are all necessary for biomining metals. Metal recovery is achieved from metallic grade ores, mine tailings, municipal solid waste disposal sites, incinerator ash, electronic wastes, tars, etc., all effectively processed via biomining. Biomining is also advantageous as it prevents the emission of harmful gases released from e-waste dump sites, including sulfur dioxides, nitrogen oxides, and carbon dioxide, which are of major concern. These gases may be released into the environment when open-air burning and acid baths are used for the recovery of valuable metals. Nowadays, both base metals (copper, and to a lesser extent, nickel and zinc) and precious metals (mainly gold) are extracted from ores and mineral concentrates in heaps, stirred-tank bioreactors, dumps, and other locations via microbial processing, or biomining. In the ongoing boom of the electronics industry, there is increasing pressure to handle huge amounts of electronic waste. This is also important considering the use of precious metals in the electronics sector and the need to extract them. The present review discusses biomining and bioleaching principles, methods, and also talks about e-waste in general, providing a worldwide overview. The review primarily concentrates on the use of biomining to recover valuable metals from electronic waste. © 2024
A review on the mechanical and biocorrosion behaviour of iron and zinc-based biodegradable materials fabricated using powder metallurgy routes
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2024) Priyabrata Das; Dayanidhi Krishana Pathak; Pawan Sharma; Pulak Mohan Pandey
Over the past two decades, research on alloys and composites based on Mg, Fe, and Zn has focused on biodegradable orthopaedic implants. Mg-based materials face issues like excessive corrosion rates and hydrogen gas evolution, while Fe and Zn-based materials show lower corrosion rates. However, these rates are slower than the optimal rate, which can be modified using powder metallurgy (PM) manufacturing. The PM process offers precise control over porosity distribution which in turn affects the mechanical and corrosion properties of the fabricated specimen. The highest rate of corrosion i.e. 0.944 » mmpy was observed with the alloying of 2 » wt% Pd in Fe and by using conventional sintering technique. Similarly, Zn-based samples fabricated by conventional sintering was found to exhibit higher corrosion rate as compared to microwave and spark plasma sintered specimen. PM-fabricated Fe and Zn-based bone scaffolds have been investigated for in-vitro corrosion and osseointegration. A higher porosity in the Fe and Zn scaffolds (>60 » %) resulted in high corrosion rate which adversely impacted the cell proliferation. This timely review critically assessed PM-fabricated Fe and Zn-based materials that have the potential to transform regenerative medicine and patient care by redefining the field of biodegradable implants. © 2024 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2024.
A Review on Thin Film Technology and Nanomaterial Characterization Techniques
(Engineered Science Publisher, 2024) Rai Dhirendra Prasad; Shivanand B. Teli; Rai Surendra Prasad; Rai Bishvendra Prasad; Saurabh R. Prasad; Pramode Sinha; Amit Sinha; Preety Sinha; Mamata Saxena; Rai Rajnarayan Prasad; R.S. Pande; Naresh Charmode; K.G. Deshmukh; Prashant D. Sarvalkar; U.D. Kadam; Chandrasekhar Chiplunkar; Nirmala Prasad; M.V. Padvi; Zhanhu Guo
Over the last 200 years, there has been an increase in the process of depositing thin film materials, which has been considerably developing. A good understanding of the various deposition methods and processes is necessary to improve the desired film thickness and characteristics. The purpose of this review paper is to display the critical analysis of existing thin film deposition methods. The paper discusses some important thin film techniques that are advanced and suitable for the analysis of thin films. Nanomaterials are invisible and require various advanced characterization to investigate their physical and chemical properties. Therefore, it becomes essential to determine these properties: there is a need for advanced scientific tools for the analysis of nanomaterials and thin films. A comprehensive list of fundamentals of thin film technology, including deposition, structure, film properties, advanced characterization tools and applications are presented together. © Engineered Science Publisher LLC 2024.
A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Efficacy and Safety of Topical Pilocarpine 1.25% in Presbyopia Treatment
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Mamta Singh; Bibhuti Prassan Sinha; Siddhartha Dutta; Kunal Khanderao Deokar; Deepak Mishra; Khyati Goswami
Purpose: To do a qualitative and quantitative assessment of the existing literature on the effectiveness and safety of pilocarpine 1.25% eye drops in presbyopia management. Methods: Relevant articles were extracted from the online database using keywords - 'pilocarpine and presbyopia', 'AGN-190584 and presbyopia', and 'Vuity and presbyopia'. The primary outcome measure considered was an improvement in distance-corrected near visual acuity (DCNVA) and secondary outcome measures were improvement in distance-corrected intermediate visual acuity (DCIVA) and adverse events (AEs). Risk of bias (ROB) assessment was done using the ROB2 tool and R software was used for quantitative analysis. Results: The 3 included randomized control trials (RCTs) had a total of 980 participants between 40-55 years of age. They were randomized into 2 groups - 489 in the pilocarpine group and 491 in the vehicle group. In the pilocarpine group, 1.25% of pilocarpine was used either once (in the Gemini 1 and 2 trials) or twice daily (Virgo trial). A significantly higher proportion of patients reported improvement of DCIVA and gain of ≥ 3 lines in binocular DCNVA in the pilocarpine group than the vehicle group (P < 0.01). Headache was the most commonly reported AE (13.49% of participants). Three case reports published on pilocarpine use for presbyopia management have reported vitreomacular traction in 1 and retinal detachment in 5 eyes. Conclusions: The available evidence documents significant improvement in near and intermediate vision in presbyopia participants with pilocarpine 1.25% drop. However, more RCTs, involving a wider age group, larger refractive error, longer follow-up, and clinical testing in a real-world scenario are required to conclusively prove its role in presbyopia management. © 2025 Journal of Current Ophthalmology | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
A tale of endurance: bats, viruses and immune dynamics
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Apoorva; Sunit Kumar Singh
The emergence of highly zoonotic viral infections has propelled bat research forward. The viral outbreaks including Hendra virus, Nipah virus, Marburg virus, Ebola virus, Rabies virus, Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus, SARS-CoV and the latest SARS-CoV-2 have been epidemiologically linked to various bat species. Bats possess unique immunological characteristics that allow them to serve as a potential viral reservoir. Bats are also known to protect themselves against viruses and maintain their immunity. Therefore, there is a need for in-depth understanding into bat-virus biology to unravel the major factors contributing to the coexistence and spread of viruses. © 2024 Expert Publishing Medicine Ltd trading as Taylor & Francis.
Advancements in Nano-Mediated Biosensors: Targeting Cancer Exosome Detection
(Springer, 2024) Abhay Dev Tripathi; Yamini Labh; Soumya Katiyar; Vivek K. Chaturvedi; Pooja Sharma; Abha Mishra
Cancer-derived exosomes, a subset of extracellular vesicles, carry vital information about tumor progression, metastasis, and drug resistance, making them attractive targets for cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. The identification of these cancer exosomes with high sensitivity and specificity has enormous promise for early diagnosis and prognosis. Nano-mediated biological sensors are establishing themselves as innovative techniques for detecting cancer exosomes based on the distinctive physicochemical attributes of nanomaterials to improve detection sensitivity and specificity. This article presents an overview of the recent developments in nano-mediated biosensors directed particularly toward the detection of cancer exosomes. The development of ultrasensitive sensors has been enhanced by using nanomaterials such as magnetic nanoparticles, quantum dots, and gold nanoparticles. Surface modifications of these nanomaterials by conjugating the cancer-specific antibodies or aptamers facilitate target recognition and binding of cancer exosomes, thus increasing the sensitivity of detection. This review compiles different detection techniques, including SERS, Electrochemical, SPR, Chemiluminescence, and Fluorescence-based biosensor detection, in combination with different nanomaterials that are currently being researched or utilized as biosensors. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Advancements in non-thermal technologies for enhanced extraction of functional triacylglycerols from microalgal biomass: A comprehensive review
(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Harsh B. Jadhav; Pintu Choudhary; Nikhil D. Deshmukh; Dhananjay Kumar Singh; Moumita Das; Arpita Das; Nadiminti Chandana Sri Sai; Gayathri Muthusamy; Uday S. Annapure; Seema Ramniwas; Robert Mugabi; Gulzar Ahmad Nayik
Microalgae have emerged as a storehouse of biologically active components having numerous health benefits that can be used in the formulation of nutraceuticals, and functional foods, for human consumption. Among these biologically active components, functional triacylglycerols are increasingly attracting the attention of researchers owing to their beneficial characteristics. Microalgae are excellent sources of triacylglycerol containing omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and can be used by the vegan population as a replacement for fish oil. The functional triacylglycerols extracted using conventional processes have various drawbacks resulting in lower yield and inferior quality products. The non-thermal technologies are emerging as user-friendly and environment-friendly technologies that intensify the yield of final products and maintain the high purity of extracted products that can be used in food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical applications. The present review focuses on major non-thermal technologies that can probably be used for the extraction of high-quality functional triacylglycerols from microalgae. © 2024 The Author(s)