2024

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Lysosome-targeting solid state NIR emissive donor-acceptor molecules: a study on photophysical modulation through architectural distinction
(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Ashish Kumar Kushwaha; Ankit Kumar Srivastava; Pradeep Kumar; Anjani Kumar; Saripella Srikrishna; Roop Shikha Singh
The prevalence of the D-A strategy in achieving red-shifted emission has been established through designing D-A molecules of D-A-D and A-D-A constructs. Architectural control over such D-A systems integrates solid state NIR emission with lysosome tracking and sets a multifarious goal of photophysical modulation in a comprehensive way. In particular, two compounds, CPM-1 (D-A-D) and CPM-2 (A-D-A), have been synthesized by introducing carbazole-based donors and difluoroboron acceptors. Lysosome targeting and imaging have been achieved through incorporation of a morpholine unit, which ultimately imparts viscosity sensitivity to the construct. The fluorophores exhibited significant emission in solution along with distinctive solvatochromism, viscochromism and TICT. A comparative account of these competitive photophysical properties revealed the superior charge transfer properties of the A-D-A construct (CPM-2), while the D-A-D molecule (CPM-1) was found to be a better molecular rotor with marked viscochromism. The solid state NIR emission has been found to be much more intense in CPM-1 relative to CPM-2, which further highlights the influence of structural aspects on photophysical behvaiour. Theoretical studies further established the distinctive characteristics of ground and excited states in these compounds. Owing to its excellent viscochromic behvaiour, CPM-1 has been successfully utilized in lysosome targeting in wild-type Drosophila fly gut tissues through co-localization studies. © 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Appraisal on accumulation of nanoenabled agrochemicals in plants with subsequent morphophysiological implications
(Elsevier, 2024) Pradeep Kumar; Kajal Singh; Amit Kumar Singh; Nancy Singh; Sakshi Singh; Vishnu D. Rajput; Tatiana Minkina; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
The use of agricultural goods that are nanoenabled with nanotechnology, including nanoemulsions, nanoherbicides, nanofertilizers, and nanopesticides, to enhance the efficacy of agrochemical distribution to crop plants has become a more practical option. Many experiments have shown that the use of nanoagrochemicals has the efficacy of lowering the negative effects of chemical-derived fertilizer on the natural environment, in addition to significantly boosting crop yield. Still, new evidence suggests that goods made using nanotechnology not only have the ability to boost agricultural productivity but also bring about changes to the condition of the crop. There have been reports of variations in the amount of carbohydrates, amino acids, and starch present, in addition to the necessary metals. The levels of verbi gratia, albumin, globulin, and prolamin have dramatically increased in rice that has been subjected to CeO2-engineered nanoparticles (ENPs), whereas the levels of calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus have risen in different crops that received treatments treated with CeO2, CuO, and ZnO ENPs. On the other hand, researchers found that Mo and Ni levels dropped in both cucumbers and kidney beans after they were treated with synthetic nanoparticles made of CeO2 and ZnO, respectively. However, brief studies on the particular effects of nanoenabled agrochemical in agricultural area have been disscussed. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Enhancement in Biological Availability of Vitamins by Nano-engineering and its Applications: An Update
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) Sadhna Mishra; Shalini Sahani; Shikha Pandhi; Arvind Kumar; Dipendra Kumar Mahato; Pradeep Kumar; Kaustubh Chandrakant Khaire; Ashutosh Rai
Vitamin nano-engineering has been accomplished by synthesizing various nanostructures to improve their stability, bioavailability, shelf life, and functioning. This review provides a detailed description of recent advances in the art of encapsulation with high efficiency through the use of practical and logistic nano-engineering techniques such as nanofibres, nanogels, nanobeads, nanotubes, nanoparticles, nanoliposomes, and many other nanostructures. To demonstrate the interaction of molecules with nano-forms, the bioavailability of several vitamins such as B, C, E, A, D, and others in the form of nanostructures is explored. This review will provide a thorough understanding of how to improve bioavailability and nanostructure selection to extend the utility, shelf life, and structural stability of vitamins. While nanoencapsulation can improve vitamin stability and distribution, the materials employed in nanotechnologies may offer concerns if they are not sufficiently tested for safety. If nanoparticles are not adequately designed and evaluated, they may cause inflammation, oxidative stress, or other unwanted effects. Researchers and makers of nanomaterials and medication delivery systems should adhere to established rules and regulations. Furthermore, long-term studies are required to monitor any negative consequences that may result from the use of nanostructure. © 2024 Bentham Science.
Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel piperic acid and benzylpiperazine hybrid molecules for improvement of memory impairment via cholinesterase inhibitory activity
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Jitendra Kumar; Gauri Shankar; Sunil Kumar; Gourav Singh; T.A. Gajendra; Sanskriti Rai; Upesh Mandloi; Saripella Srikrishna; Saroj Kumar; Amit Kumar Singh; Pradeep Kumar; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Sairam Krishnamurthy; Gyan Modi; Sunil Kumar Mishra
In this paper, we have developed a series of piperic acid (PA) derivatives to overcome the inherent constraints linked to PA for Alzheimer's disease (AD) management. We have carried out a comprehensive study to investigate the structure–activity relationship (SAR) of PAanalogs to enhance their inhibitory properties towards cholinesterase enzymes. Compound 3m exhibited notable inhibition against butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) among all developed analogs (BChE (µM), 1.03 ± 0.011; AChE (µM), 4.26 ± 0.13 respectively) over PA (AChE% inhibition at 20 µM, 7.14 ± 0.98; BChE% inhibition at 20 µM, 5.87 ± 0.76). Compound 3m was chosen for further biological investigations based on these encouraging outcomes. 3 m demonstrated a binding affinity for AChE’s peripheral anionic site, indicating its interaction with this specific enzyme region. Additionally, it also possesses favorable permeability across the blood–brain barrier, with a Pe (permeability coefficient) value of 5.79 ± 1.12. The molecular docking investigations unveiled the ability of 3mto intricately engage with AChE and BChE.In cell-based cytotoxicity tests, compound 3m displayed cell-friendly characteristics across different tested concentrations. Notably, 3m exhibited the ability to counteract scopolamine-induced memory impairmentin mice, enhancing both spatial and cognitive memories. These results strongly suggest that 3m can behave as a potential compound for AD management. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to the Institute of Chemistry, Slovak Academy of Sciences 2024.
Organoids and Alzheimer’s Disease
(CRC Press, 2024) Payal Singh; Shashank Mishra; Pradeep Kumar
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the primary neurodegenerative condition observed in the elderly population, characterised by cognitive decline, particularly in memory function, resulting in increased reliance on others for daily activities. AD is characterised by the presence of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, which are made up of hyperphosphorylated tau and AΒ peptides, respectively. Currently, there is a lack of a definitive cure or efficacious treatment for AD. This phenomenon could be explained, at least in part, by the lack of suitable study models, especially when it comes to animal experimentation. The vast physiological complexity exhibited by the human brain is not entirely captured by the existing models. with the development of stem cells with induced pluripotency. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) offer a way around these limitations. But current two-dimensional (2D) culture models are unable to reproduce the situation precisely. The brain has a variety of brain cell types, but its arrangement lacks a three-dimensional (3D) structure. The procurement of three-dimensional cultures, or organoids, offers a new opportunity to overcome the limitations of previous methods. Human cerebral organoids, or hCOs, are a novel model that captures some of the complex features of the human brain in this particular situation. They are becoming more acknowledged for their remarkable role as a paradigm for studying the evolutionary dimensions of the molecular and cellular etiology of Alzheimer’s disease. This chapter provides a succinct overview of the study on AD, with a focus on the most recent developments brought about by the creation and application of stem cells and cerebral organoid technology. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Sachchida Nand Rai, Sandeep Singh, Santosh Kumar Singh.
Nano-assisted delivery tools for plant genetic engineering: a review on recent developments
(Springer, 2024) Pradeep Kumar; Vishnu D. Rajput; Amit Kumar Singh; Shreni Agrawal; Richa Das; Tatiana Minkina; Praveen Kumar Shukla; Ming Hung Wong; Ajeet Kaushik; Salim Albukhaty; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Sunil Kumar Mishra
Conventional approaches like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, viral transduction, biolistic particle bombardment, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-facilitated delivery methods have been optimized for transporting specific genes to various plant cells. These conventional approaches in genetically modified crops are dependent on several factors like plant types, cell types, and genotype requirements, as well as numerous disadvantages such as time-consuming, untargeted distribution of genes, and high cost of cultivation. Therefore, it is suggested to develop novel techniques for the transportation of genes in crop plants using tailored nanoparticles (NPs) of manipulative and controlled high-performance features synthesized using green and chemical routes. It is observed that site-specific delivery of genes exhibits high efficacy in species-independent circumstances which leads to an increased level of productivity. Therefore, to achieve these outcomes, NPs can be utilized as gene nano-carriers for excellent delivery inside crops (i.e., cotton, tobacco, rice, wheat, okra, and maize) for desired genetic engineering modifications. As outcomes, this review provides an outline of the conventional techniques and current application of numerous nano-enabled gene delivery needed for crop gene manipulation, the benefits, and drawbacks associated with state-of-the-art techniques, which serve as a roadmap for the possible applicability of nanomaterials in plant genomic engineering as well as crop improvement in the future. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
Benefits of Nano-Enhanced Biochar
(Apple Academic Press, 2024) Khalil Mseddi; Vishnu D. Rajput; Tatiana Minkina; Pradeep Kumar; Faiçal Brini
Recently, biochar (BC) has received attention as a useful additive for soil, and its production has increased substantially on a worldwide scale. The synthesis of biochar occurs as a byproduct of the thermochemical process of biomasses that takes place in the absence of or with restricted access to oxygen. Applications using biochar as a component for combating pollution and climate change are quite recent. From 2014, research on the environmentally responsible production of nano-biochar (also known as nano-BC) for use in agriculture and soil has been carried out as a result of the development of nanotechnology. Micro-sized BC with diameters of less than a micrometer (μm) and up to a nanometer (nm), also known as “dissolved” and “nano-BC,” is created during the carbonization process. A recent study produced nano-BC with a diameter of less than 5 nm. In this review paper, we reported the benefits of Nano-enhanced Biochar in all use domains following the enhanced physical-chemical properties compared to bulk biochar. © 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Nano- and Nano-Biochar: Overview, Production, and Characteristics
(Apple Academic Press, 2024) Pradeep Kumar; Kajal Singh; Amit Kumar Singh; Nancy Singh; Sakshi Singh; Shreni Agrawal; Richa Das; Vishnu D. Rajput; Tatiana Minkina; Sunil Kumar Mishra; Kavindra Nath Tiwari
The global climate is shifting due to emissions of greenhouse gases and changes in agricultural practices. The atmosphere is being exposed to an increasing number of carbon-based molecules and pollutants as a result of human population growth, expanding factory output, and expanding agronomic practices. As a result, not only is wasted energy produced, but the atmosphere is also contaminated. With suitable techniques and management, these emissions could be converted to charcoal solids. Such carbon-based materials, often known as “biochar,” are used in a wide range of industries, particularly agricultural production. Because of its crystalline characteristics, biochar can also be referred to as nano biochar (NBC). By using certain procedures, biochar can be transformed into NBC. In this case, the physiological and biological attributes of this valuable substance improve while better methods are used to reduce pollution discharges, remediate soil, produce energy, and manage waste. The planting area has recently expanded in an effort to increase crop yield. Scientists and farmers are now seeking ways to increase productivity per unit area as this technique has changed significantly. However, in other cases, increased production per unit area puts pressure on the cultivated land. If the situation is not properly managed, the soil will be overharvested of these essential nutrients, and eventually, the topsoil will be depleted of them. In certain circumstances, it is best to incorporate soil treatments. The soil is given various modifications to help with its physicochemical and biological features. Biochar is one of these materials that also improves the effectiveness of fertilizers and irrigation water. NBC enhances the conditions for crop growth and aids in effective soil conservation. © 2025 by Apple Academic Press, Inc.
Long-Term Spatiotemporal Investigation of Various Rainfall Intensities over Central India Using EO Datasets
(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Nitesh Awasthi; Jayant Nath Tripathi; George P. Petropoulos; Pradeep Kumar; Abhay Kumar Singh; Kailas Kamaji Dakhore; Kripan Ghosh; Dileep Kumar Gupta; Prashant K. Srivastava; Kleomenis Kalogeropoulos; Sartajvir Singh; Dhiraj Kumar Singh
This study involved an investigation of the long-term seasonal rainfall patterns in central India at the district level during the period from 1991 to 2020, including various aspects such as the spatiotemporal seasonal trend of rainfall patterns, rainfall variability, trends of rainy days with different intensities, decadal percentage deviation in long-term rainfall patterns, and decadal percentage deviation in rainfall events along with their respective intensities. The central region of India was meticulously divided into distinct subparts, namely, Gujarat, Daman and Diu, Maharashtra, Goa, Dadra and Nagar Haveli, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, and Odisha. The experimental outcomes represented the disparities in rainfall distribution across different districts of central India with the spatial distribution of mean rainfall ranges during winter (2.08 mm over Dadra and Nagar Haveli with an average of 24.19 mm over Odisha), premonsoon (6.65 mm over Gujarat to 132.89 mm over Odisha), monsoon (845.46 mm over Gujarat to 3188.21 mm over Goa), and post-monsoon (30.35 mm over Gujarat to 213.87 mm over Goa), respectively. Almost all the districts of central India displayed an uneven pattern in the percentage deviation of seasonal rainfall in all three decades for all seasons, which indicates the seasonal rainfall variability over the last 30 years. A noticeable variation in the percentage deviation of seasonal rainfall patterns has been observed in the following districts: Rewa, Puri, Anuppur, Ahmadabad, Navsari, Chhindwara, Devbhumi Dwarka, Amreli, Panch Mahals, Kolhapur, Kandhamal, Ratnagiri, Porbandar, Bametara, and Sabar Kantha. In addition, a larger number of rainy days of various categories occurred in the monsoon season in comparison to other seasons. A higher contribution of trace rainfall events was found in the winter season. The highest contributions of very light, light rainfall, moderate, rather high, and high events were found in the monsoon season in central India. The percentage of various categories of rainfall events has decreased over the last two decades (2001–2020) in comparison to the third decade (1991–2000), according to the mean number of rainfall events in the last 30 years. This spatiotemporal analysis provides valuable insights into the rainfall trends in central India, which represent regional disparities and the potential challenges impacted by climate patterns. This study contributes to our understanding of the changing rainfall dynamics and offers crucial information for effective water resource management in the region. © 2024 by the authors.
Identification and molecular characterization of genes modulating progression of an oocyte from M-I to M-II in rat ovary
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Alka Sharma; Pawan K. Dubey; Pradeep Kumar; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Anima Tripathi
Background: To achieve oocyte competence for successful fertilization, bidirectional communication between oocyte and granulosa cells is crucial. The acquisition of meiotic competency in oocyte is facilitated by various regulatory genes however, expression pattern of these genes is not well documented during meiotic transition from Metaphase-I to Metaphase-II stage. Therefore, the present research analyzed the expression pattern of regulatory genes that are involved in the transition from M-I to M-II stages in rat oocyte. Methods: The analysis of the data was conducted by applying an array of bioinformatic tools. The investigation of gene group interactions was carried out by employing the STRING database, which relies on co-expression information. The gene ontology (GO) analysis was performed utilizing the comparative GO database. Functional annotation for GO and pathway enrichment analysis were performed for genes involved in networking. The GO obtained through computational simulations was subsequently validated using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) analysis. Results: The findings of our study suggest that there is a distinct gene expression pattern in both the oocyte and granulosa cells. This pattern indicates that oocyte-secreted factors, such as BMP15 and GDF9, play a crucial role in regulating the progression of the meiotic cell cycle from the M-I to M-II stages. We have also examined the level of mRNA expression of genes including CYP11A1, CYP19A1, and STAR, which are crucial for the steroidogenesis. Conclusions: It is fascinating to observe that the oscillatory pattern of specific key genes may hold significance in the process of in vitro oocyte maturation, specifically during the transition from the M-I to M-II stage. It might be useful for determining biomarker genes and potential pathways that play a role in attaining oocyte competency, thereby aiding in the assessment of oocyte quality for the purpose of achieving successful fertilization. © 2024 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

2024

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