2024
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PublicationArticle Effect of rheological models on pulsatile hemodynamics in a multiply afflicted descending human aortic network(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Sumit Kumar; B.V. Rathish Kumar; S.K. Rai; Om ShankarIn the cardiovascular diseased (CVD) conditions, it is essential to choose a suitable rheological model for capturing the correct physics behind the hemodynamic in the multiply afflicted diseased arterial network. This study investigates the effect of blood rheology on hemodynamics in a blood vessel with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) and right internal iliac stenosis (RIIAS). A model with AAA and RIIAS is reconstructed from a human subject’s computed tomography (CT) data. Localized mesh generation and pulsatile inflow condition are considered. Non-Newtonian models such as the Power-law, Carreau, Cross, and Herschel Berkley models are used in simulations. The outcome from a validated computational model is compared with the Newtonian model to identify the suitable model for dealing with pathological complications under consideration. The capabilities and significance of various rheological models are also examined via Wall Pressure (WP), Wall Shear Stress (WSS), velocity, Global non-Newtonian importance factor (IG), Vorticity Streamlines, and Swirling Strength. It is noted that during the entire cardiac cycle, the IG factor of the cross model is found to be relatively more significant. Power Law depicts larger IG factor during peak systole and early diastole. Also, the cross model depicts larger WSS, WPS, swirling strength distribution and vorticity during the peak systolic and diastolic phases It is noted that IG ∼0.02 is an appropriate non-Newtonian blood activity cut-off value in the descending abdominal artery having AAA and RIIAS. The critical important WSS values are in the range of 0–9 Pa which is stated in WSS contour plot. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.PublicationArticle Objective Bayesian analysis of Marshall-Olkin bivariate Weibull distribution with partial information(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) M.S. Panwar; Vikas BarnwalIn competing risks problem, a subset of risks is needed more attention for inferential purposes. In the objective Bayesian paradigm, reference priors enable to achieve such inferential objectives. In this article, the Marshall-Olkin bivariate Weibull distribution is considered to model the competing risks data. In the availability of partial information for some of the parameters, the reference priors are derived as per the importance of the parameters. The Dirichlet prior is taken as a conditional subjective prior and the marginal reference prior has been derived. Also, the propriety of the resulting posterior density has been proved. The Bayesian estimates of the parameters are obtained under squared error and linear-exponential loss functions. Further, the derived reference prior is used for the computation of Bayes factors or posterior odds in testing the hypothesis that the competing risks are identical. The performance of established Bayesian estimators is illustrated using the Diabetic Retinopathy Study (DRS) and Prostate Cancer data sets. Finally, the model compatibility is done for the considered data sets under Bayesian Paradigm. © 2023 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.PublicationArticle Dynamical behaviors of a constant prey refuge ratio-dependent prey-predator model with Allee and fear effects(World Scientific, 2024) Soumitra Pal; Pijush Panday; Nikhil Pal; A.K. Misra; Joydev ChattopadhyayIn this paper, we consider a nonlinear ratio-dependent prey-predator model with constant prey refuge in the prey population. Both Allee and fear phenomena are incorporated explicitly in the growth rate of the prey population. The qualitative behaviors of the proposed model are investigated around the equilibrium points in detail. Hopf bifurcation including its direction and stability for the model is also studied. We observe that fear of predation risk can have both stabilizing and destabilizing effects and induces bubbling phenomenon in the system. It is also observed that for a fixed strength of fear, an increase in the Allee parameter makes the system unstable, whereas an increase in prey refuge drives the system toward stability. However, higher values of both the Allee and prey refuge parameters have negative impacts and the populations go to extinction. Further, we explore the variation of densities of the populations in different bi-parameter spaces, where the coexistence equilibrium point remains stable. Numerical simulations are carried out to explore the dynamical behaviors of the system with the help of MATLAB software. © 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company.PublicationArticle Economic Inequality in Intimate Partner Violence among Forward and Backward Class Women in India: A Decomposition Analysis(Routledge, 2024) Sourav Chowdhury; Aditya Singh; Nuruzzaman Kasemi; Mahashweta ChakrabartyIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a highly sensitive issue in India, where society is patriarchal and primarily segmented into castes/tribes. This study aims to measure and explain the economic inequality in IPV against women in two social groups: backward classes (Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Others Backward Classes) and forward classes (Others), using cross-sectional data from the National Family Health Survey-4 conducted in 2015–16. Economic inequality has been measured using the rate ratio, the concentration index (CI), and the concentration curve. In addition, concentration index has been decomposed to explain the economic inequality in IPV. Economic inequality was relatively higher among the women from the forward classes (CI: −0.30) than those from the backward classes (CI: −0.20). Woman’s education (25%), alcohol consumption by husbands (19.6%), and region of residence (18.7%) were the major contributors to economic inequality in IPV among backward class women. However, for forward class women, woman’s education (23.2%), region of residence (15.6%), parental IPV (14.6%), husband’s education (9.7%), and exposure to mass media were significant contributors to economic inequality in IPV (7%). In conclusion, there is a need for appropriate interventions and programs focused on reducing economic inequality in IPV against women from both backward and forward classes. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.PublicationArticle Run order consideration for sequential third order rotatable designs(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Hemavathi M; Eldho Varghese; Shashi Shekhar; Seema Jaggi; Arpan Bhowmik; T.V. SathianandanRandom execution of run sequences is employed in response surface designs to avoid bias in the response. Since the randomization of run sequences may induce frequent changes in the factor levels, which makes it difficult or expensive for the experimenter, especially when hard-to-change factors are involved in the experiment. Mostly, second order response surface designs (SORDs) are being used to explore the functional relationship between the response and the input variables. But when the lack of fit of the model becomes significant, it is desirable to explore the relationship with a polynomial model of order three. This requires third order rotatable designs (TORDs), which can be sequentially implemented by adding few more runs to the SORDs. In this paper, the construction of sequential TORDs with minimum level changes in the run sequences has been discussed. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.PublicationArticle Intimate Partner Violence among Scheduled Caste Women in India: A Cross-sectional Study(Routledge, 2024) Sourav Chowdhury; Aditya Singh; Nuruzzaman Kasemi; Mahashweta Chakrabarty; Tribarna Roy PakhadharaScheduled Caste (SC) women, one of the most oppressed and neglected groups in India, have the highest prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV), yet no study has analyzed correlates of IPV within this group, or analyzed them using nationally representative data. This study is an attempt to fill this gap. Information on 11,076 married SC women from the National Family Health Survey-4 was analyzed. Cross-sectional study design was followed. Binary logistic regression was applied to examine the factors associated with IPV. About 40% of married SC women in India suffered physical, mental, or sexual violence from their husbands. Alcohol consumption by husband (OR = 2.99, 95% CI = 2.62–3.41), employment status (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.07–1.48), parity especially having 4 or more children (OR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.82–3.06; OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.61–2.73) were associated with higher odds of IPV. Women from southern, eastern, and central regions of India were more likely to experience IPV. We conclude that there is a need to recognize the diverse experiences of vulnerable subgroups within SC women and undertake suitably designed targeted interventions to lower the high levels of IPV prevalent among these women. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.PublicationArticle Behavioural approach-avoidance tendencies among individuals with elevated blood pressure(Springer, 2024) Meenakshi Shukla; Jennifer Y. F. Lau; Rakesh PandeyEmotional dampening (blunted responses to affective stimuli or experiences) has been reported in individuals with clinical and subclinical levels of elevated blood pressure (BP). Our aim in the present study was to explore how the basic motivational systems of approach and avoidance to positively- and negatively-valenced stimuli are affected in elevated BP. High BP (n = 27) and Low BP (n = 29) participants completed an approach-avoidance task. In this task, participants pulled the joystick towards them when viewing a happy face (approach) and pushing it away when viewing an angry face (avoid) in the congruent condition, and reversed these action-to-emotion pairings in the incongruent condition. A mixed-design ANOVA revealed a significant main effect of condition, such that overall participants were faster across trials in the congruent than trials of the incongruent condition. There was also an emotion x BP interaction. Among the Low BP group, there were no RT differences to happy and angry expressions (across congruent and incongruent conditions) but those with High BP were quicker to respond to actions paired with angry than happy facial expressions (across conditions). Findings suggest that valence-specific motivational reactions are not dampened with an increase in BP, and are rather sensitized for the negative emotion of anger. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2023. corrected publication 2023.PublicationArticle A Bibliometric Review of Organic Menus at Restaurants: Research Streams and Future Research Path(Routledge, 2024) Vijay Amrit Raj; Sahil Singh Jasrotia; Siddharth Shankar Rai; Irfan Ahmed AnsariThis study aims to do a bibliometric analysis of the literature available on the organic menu at a restaurant to extract insights into the study area and provide direction for future research. Fifty-nine documents were extracted using the Scopus scientific database published in the restaurant’s organic menu area. VOSviewer and R-based Bibliometric software have been used for conducting bibliometric analysis. The trending themes are food aesthetics, alternative food networks, food quality, sustainability and acceptability. The four clusters identified in the organic menu literature identified the behavioral intention of consumers, sustainable development, marketing management and procurement of organic food for the restaurant. The study will first conduct a bibliometric analysis to discover the trending themes and clusters in the organic menu literature. Based on the review, the customer organic menu adoption framework has been developed to understand the study topic better. The study’s findings will help managers and practitioners easily understand the trend in the literature on organic menus at the restaurant, which will help formulate marketing strategies and policies. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.PublicationArticle Impacts of activation energy and binary chemical reaction on MHD flow of Williamson nanofluid in Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium: a case of expanding sheet of variable thickness(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Anil Kumar Gautam; Ajeet Kumar Verma; Krishnendu Bhattacharyya; Swati Mukhopadhyay; Ali J. ChamkhaAn expanding sheet problem is more relevant when the thickness of the sheet is variable and it bears frequent applications in polymer press, paper production, metallic plate cooling, etc. On the other hand, activation energy is an important phenomenon of chemical reaction in flow dynamics of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The activation energy and chemical reaction have vital applications in food preparing, the mechanism of water and oil emulsions, chemical engineering, and more. So in this project, the impacts of activation energy and binary chemical reaction on MHD two-dimensional boundary layer flow of Williamson nanofluid on an expanding surface of variable thickness embedded in Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium are investigated. Using suitable transformations, the governing equations are transformed into a set of non-linear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). Later, numerical solutions have been achieved by well-known MATLAB inbuilt function ‘bvp4c’. Several vital results are explored for variations of involved physical parameters and those are presented in graphical and tabular modes. The achieved results suggest that when wall thickness parameter increases, there is a contrast in behaviors of velocity, temperature and nanoparticle concentration if there is a condition that the shape parameter is greater than or less than unity. For the former case, the above flow properties reduce with wall thickness parameter, whereas, for the latter case, those are showing significant growth. The Brownian motion of nanoparticles causes an increase in temperature and a reduction in nanoparticle concentration, whereas due to thermophoretic force, both temperature and nanoparticle concentration rise. Due to the presence of activation energy in chemical reaction, the nanoparticle concentration enhances, while, temperature decreases(increases) near(away from) the sheet. With increasing reaction rate parameters, nanoparticle concentration diminishes, but temperature increases near the sheet. The surface drag force decreases with Williamson fluid parameter, while it increases with the magnetic parameter, inverse Darcy number, and Forchheimer parameter. On the other hand, the surface heat flux and surface mass flux are decreasing functions of Williamson fluid parameter, magnetic parameter, inverse Darcy number, and Forchheimer parameter. It also reveals that surface heat flux reduces with increasing reaction rate parameters, whereas surface mass flux increases. Finally, for the growth of activation energy parameter, initially surface heat flux rises and surface mass flux declines, but for its larger values, the quantities turn out to be constants. Also, the surface heat and mass fluxes are decreasing functions of thermophoresis parameter. © 2021 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.PublicationArticle Competing risks analysis for dependent causes using Marshall-Olkin bivariate generalized lifetime family(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Vikas Barnwal; M.S. PanwarThe assumption of independence of causes for modeling a competing risks scenario is not presumable always. In this article, cause dependent competing risks model has been analyzed under Marshall-Olkin set-up. A Marshall-Olkin generalized lifetime distribution has been established to address a competing risks model. The essential statistical properties have been derived for this distribution to utilize in a competing risks model. The estimators of unknown simple/transformed parameters are obtained by using two approaches: maximum likelihood method and Bayesian estimation through reference prior. To examine the performance of the five models under generalized lifetime family, a simulation study has been performed. For illustration, two real data sets namely, prostate cancer and diabetic retinopathy study are considered. For both data sets, analysis is performed using the most suitable model from Marshall-Olkin generalized lifetime family. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.