2024
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PublicationArticle Economic Inequality in Intimate Partner Violence among Forward and Backward Class Women in India: A Decomposition Analysis(Routledge, 2024) Sourav Chowdhury; Aditya Singh; Nuruzzaman Kasemi; Mahashweta ChakrabartyIntimate partner violence (IPV) is a highly sensitive issue in India, where society is patriarchal and primarily segmented into castes/tribes. This study aims to measure and explain the economic inequality in IPV against women in two social groups: backward classes (Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and Others Backward Classes) and forward classes (Others), using cross-sectional data from the National Family Health Survey-4 conducted in 2015–16. Economic inequality has been measured using the rate ratio, the concentration index (CI), and the concentration curve. In addition, concentration index has been decomposed to explain the economic inequality in IPV. Economic inequality was relatively higher among the women from the forward classes (CI: −0.30) than those from the backward classes (CI: −0.20). Woman’s education (25%), alcohol consumption by husbands (19.6%), and region of residence (18.7%) were the major contributors to economic inequality in IPV among backward class women. However, for forward class women, woman’s education (23.2%), region of residence (15.6%), parental IPV (14.6%), husband’s education (9.7%), and exposure to mass media were significant contributors to economic inequality in IPV (7%). In conclusion, there is a need for appropriate interventions and programs focused on reducing economic inequality in IPV against women from both backward and forward classes. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.PublicationArticle Intimate Partner Violence among Scheduled Caste Women in India: A Cross-sectional Study(Routledge, 2024) Sourav Chowdhury; Aditya Singh; Nuruzzaman Kasemi; Mahashweta Chakrabarty; Tribarna Roy PakhadharaScheduled Caste (SC) women, one of the most oppressed and neglected groups in India, have the highest prevalence of intimate partner violence (IPV), yet no study has analyzed correlates of IPV within this group, or analyzed them using nationally representative data. This study is an attempt to fill this gap. Information on 11,076 married SC women from the National Family Health Survey-4 was analyzed. Cross-sectional study design was followed. Binary logistic regression was applied to examine the factors associated with IPV. About 40% of married SC women in India suffered physical, mental, or sexual violence from their husbands. Alcohol consumption by husband (OR = 2.99, 95% CI = 2.62–3.41), employment status (OR = 1.26, 95% CI = 1.07–1.48), parity especially having 4 or more children (OR = 2.36, 95% CI = 1.82–3.06; OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.61–2.73) were associated with higher odds of IPV. Women from southern, eastern, and central regions of India were more likely to experience IPV. We conclude that there is a need to recognize the diverse experiences of vulnerable subgroups within SC women and undertake suitably designed targeted interventions to lower the high levels of IPV prevalent among these women. © 2022 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.PublicationArticle Reading history through animal imagery from pre–WWII British editorial cartoons: Gandhi’s anticolonial struggle during India’s civil disobedience movement (1930–1931)(Routledge, 2024) Deepali YadavThis article studies animal imagery published in pre-WWII British editorial cartoons offering constant updates about India’s Civil Disobedience movement (1930s) against British colonialism to uncover the processes through which the event and the people participating in it, both Indian political leaders and British administrators, were designated a particular animal symbol that popularly became associated with their identities in the long run. In other words, the article looks into the question of how animal images affect the iconography of historical personalities. The article will be an insight into defamiliarizing/deconstructing the events and people from this movement and then analyse how animals were used as substitutes for defining, explaining, and debating a concept, a human, an event, or a nationality in the cartoons published in British newspapers in those times. Consequently, I will explore satirical representations of everyday politics during the Civil Disobedience movement, thus offering the cultural history of the Raj in those times. As these editorial cartoons are published almost at the same time as the actual occurrence of events in the 1930s, they also give an insight into the prevalent colonial stereotypes, traditions, beliefs, humour, tolerance level, as well as ‘domestic politics, social themes,’ of the existing society (Kemnitz). © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.PublicationArticle Gendered Disparities in Water and Sanitation through an Intersectional Lens: Emphasising Women’s Perspectives(ACCB Publishing, 2024) Sumit Shekhar; Amrita DwivediThe relationship between gender and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) has been a widely accepted concern among academicians, activists, and social workers in India, but research and policies focusing on gender and sanitation often fail to address the issue of the intersectionality of identities. Analysing the complex intersection of caste, class, age and gender with water and sanitation in rural India extends new opportunities to explore the complex power dynamics prevalent in society. A focus group study with 54 female participants of seven discussions and in-depth interviews has been conducted in the Hardoi district of Uttar Pradesh to explore the social relations and differences in the physical world within the context of accessibility, affordability, and availability in the water and sanitation sector. Given gendered and other social divisions, we elaborate on how women play an essential role in water and sanitation management in the household. This study also offers evidence of rural women’s experiences of intra-personal, household, and social harassment and violence related to poor or absence of sanitation and water infrastructure due to intersectional social dynamics. We also demonstrate how theorising about a single dimension of social difference ignores the different groups’ access to power, leading to inequality and disparity. © 2024 Shekhar & Dwivedi. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.PublicationArticle Contrasting monetary and multidimensional poverty in India: a spatial perspective(Societe Royale Belge de Geographie, 2024) Soumyabrata Mondal; Saheli Kumar; Anand Prasad MishraThe present study makes a comparative analysis on the spatial pattern of poverty by considering both monetary and multidimensional approach and assesses the variation or gap in poverty estimation. Two latest available datasets i.e. NSSO data of planning commission report regarding monetary or consumption poverty and the baseline report on multidimensional poverty by NITI Aayog have been used. Our analysis shows that significant interstate disparities are observed in the spatial concentration of poverty applying two different approaches. Extreme monetary poverty persist in states like Chhattisgarh (39.9 percent), Karnataka (37.0 percent), Meghalaya (36.9 percent) etc. whereas extreme multidimensional poverty exists in Bihar (51.9 percent) followed by Jharkhand (42.2 percent). The result reveals the fact that though monetary poverty and multidimensional poverty are associated with each other the strength of relationship between these two approaches is not strong enough. The study strongly recommends the incorporation of the multidimensional approach along with the consumption approach to measure poverty which has high policy relevance. © 2024 Societe Royale Belge de Geographie. All rights reserved.PublicationArticle Does disinvestment affect stock prices? An event study approach on the Indian public sector stocks(Springer, 2024) Shrabana Tripathi; Bhanu Pratap SinghThe impact of privatization on the performance of firms is widely debated in the economic literature. Under the philosophy of a New Political Economy, structural reforms in the form of liberalization and privatization started in 1991 in the Indian economy. This led to the disinvestment of a large number of central and state public sector enterprises. However, due to limited studies and mixed findings, the effect of disinvestment on the performance of public sector firms is inconclusive in the Indian market. The major aim of the present study is to revisit India’s disinvestment policy and examine the market response to disinvestment events in the utility sector under the improved business environment in the past decade. The study employs an event study technique on a sample of ten leading utility sector firms. The NIFTY-50 and NIFTY-CPSE indices are used to calculate market returns. The results imply that even better institutions fail to moderate partial privatization, and successive partial privatization is insufficient to bring efficiency and change management practices. It is because successive disinvestment keeps the fundamental ownership and management ethos the same. The findings warrant regulators addressing firm moderating factors in “window dressing” before going public for better privatization outcomes. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Institute for Social and Economic Change 2024.PublicationArticle AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON CARBON DISCLOSURE PRACTICES AND STRATEGIES IN EMERGING MARKET(Virtus Interpress, 2024) Sanjay Kumar Patel; Poonam Kumari; Amit Manglani; Ashish Kant Chaudhari; Pushpender KadianIncreasing awareness of environmental sustainability, investor demands, and legal frameworks have made carbon reporting essential for businesses worldwide, including Indian corporations (Huang et al., 2023). The paper explores the disclosed accounting practices of Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) by Indian firms in their annual reports. It is based on the secondary data collected from annual reports of NSE-or BSE-listed firms that made carbon credit announcements from 2005–2022. By using content analysis, this study examines the recognition, measurement, and disclosure practices of carbon rights received by Indian firms, hosted by Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The study found that there is huge diversity in disclosure practices of CERs and no consistency in reporting the CERs in annual reports. More specifically, most companies did not even disclose full information about the treatment of CERs. The Indian government might utilize this study as a foundation for developing policies since improved carbon accounting disclosures and laws are required to safeguard stakeholders’ and investors’ interests. © 2024 The Authors.PublicationArticle Organic intellectuals from modern India: B. R. Ambedkar and R. M. Lohia on inequality, intersectionality, and justice(Routledge, 2024) Priyanka Jha; Christian Olaf ChristiansenThis article revisits the intellectual history of inequality in the thinking of Dr Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar (1891–1956) and Dr Ram Manohar Lohia (1910–1967). Both were pivotal figures in the intellectual history of inequality in colonial and postcolonial India. Yet little work has been done to systematically juxtapose the two and their thinking on inequality. This article offers a first comparison, arguing that their ideas on inequality can be seen as the emergence of a unique, Indian version of what, in this article, we term “organic intersectionality.” We build this argument on four claims. First, both were organic intellectuals whose thinking was molded in the marginalized groups from which they arose, but whose ideas developed in unique and organic ways. Second, both had a unique eye to the intersectional and holistic character of Indian inequality, cutting across caste, class, race, and gender. Third, their thinking grew from a deep engagement with religion, which they saw as both legitimizing and delegitimizing inequality. Fourth, both these figures exemplify postcolonial hybridity and thus stand in contrast both to a diffusionist approach whereby ideas are simply diffused from the West to the East, and to a nationalized, self-contained, or decolonial history of ideas. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.PublicationArticle Unveiling Poverty Dynamics in India: Examining Convergence and Determinants at Sub-National Level(Routledge, 2024) Priyabrata Sahoo; Soumyabrata Mondal; Kirtti Ranjan PaltasinghThis paper tries to investigate the question of whether the poverty ratio across Indian states is converging in the post-2000s. We addressed this question of spatial convergence of the poverty ratio using unconditional convergence over the period 2004–05 to 2018–19 for 18 major states of India, considering both rural and urban regions. We used the unit-level data of NSSO’s Consumer Expenditure Surveys (CES) for the 61st, 68th and PLFS 2018–19 rounds for the analysis. Besides, we try to assess the driving factors of poverty through a panel regression model. The results reveal that in the first period from 2004–05 to 2011–12, Indian states experienced a divergence in the overall poverty ratio and rural poverty. However, the second period, 2011–12 to 2018–19, witnessed no specific trend of convergence or divergence across states. Again, in the case of urban poverty, there is no particular pattern of poverty convergence or divergence during both periods. The study shows that the Gini coefficient, educational expenditure, household size, infant mortality, literacy rate, MPCE, primary-sector income and per capita power availability are the significant determinants of poverty in India. © 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.PublicationArticle Cancer pattern in Varanasi district from Uttar Pradesh state of India, a foundation for cancer control based on the first report of the population-based cancer registry(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2024) Atul M. Budukh; Satyajit Pradhan; Virendra B. Singh; Divya Khanna; Sonali S. Bagal; Priyal S. Chakravarti; Anand N. Sharma; Rajesh K. Vishwakarma; Shraddha S. Shinde; Naveen C. Khargekar; Pankaj Chaturvedi; Rajesh P. Dikshit; Vijay K. Shukla; Rajendra A. BadweBackground: The cancer registry provides reliable data from the population. In this article, we provide cancer burden and its patterns from the Varanasi district. Methods: The method adopted by the Varanasi cancer registry is community interaction along with regular visits to more than 60 sources to collect data on cancer patients. The cancer registry was established by the Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, in 2017 covering 4 million population (57% rural and 43% urban population). Results: The registry has recorded 1,907 incidence cases (1,058 male and 849 female). The age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 population in male and female of Varanasi district is 59.2 and 52.1, respectively. One in 15 male and one in 17 female are at risk of developing the disease. Mouth and tongue cancers are the predominant cancers in male, whereas breast, cervix uteri, and gallbladder are the leading cancer sites among the female. In female, cervix uteri cancer is significantly higher (double) in rural areas when compared with urban areas (rate ratio [RR] 0.5, 95% confidence interval [CI; 0.36, 0.72]), whereas in male, mouth cancer is higher in urban areas when compared with rural areas (RR 1.4, 95% CI [1.11, 1.72]). More than 50% of cancer cases in male are due to tobacco consumption. There may be underreporting of the cases. Conclusion: The results of the registry warrant policies and activities related to early detection services for the mouth, cervix uteri, and breast cancers. The Varanasi cancer registry is the foundation for cancer control and will play an important role in the evaluation of the interventions. © 2024 Indian Journal of Cancer.