2024

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Impact of Nanofertilizers for the Mitigation of Multiple Environmental Stresses
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Abhishek Singh; Sapna Rawat; Vishnu D. Rajput; Karen Ghazaryan; Tatiana Minkina; Abdel Rahman Mohammad Al Tawaha; Ashi Varshney
The global farming system has been detrimentally influenced by environmental transformations in recent years, leading to dilemmas with plant growth, physiology, and output due to changes in nonliving factors. These consequences have grown to be a serious danger to global food security and agricultural development, necessitating creative measures for long-term viability. By utilizing nanoscale goods like nanofertilizers, nanofungicides, nanoherbicides, and nanopesticides, nanotechnology has emerged as a helpful strategy for overcoming these challenges. Nanoparticles are particularly useful in agriculture due to their ability to easily traverse cellular barriers, small size, and efficient uptake by plants. Numerous studies have shown that nanoparticle applications can increase both the quality and quantity of harvests, even under various biotic and abiotic stresses. This paper examines the various abiotic stresses that plants face and how nanoparticles can help combat them. It also looks at the molecular, metabolic, and anatomical modifications that plants go through in order to adapt to challenging environments. However, it has been mentioned that there may be environmental and human health dangers related to the extensive usage of nanotechnology. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Green Synthesis of Nanofertilizers and Their Application for Crop Production
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Abhishek Singh; Ragini Sharma; Vishnu D. Rajput; Karen Ghazaryan; Tatiana Minkina; Abdel Rahman Mohammad Al Tawaha; Ashi Varshney
The unique characteristics and broad range of nanotechnology’s potential uses have garnered considerable attention. Nanotechnology is a novel method for boosting agricultural output without compromising on quality while also being safe for the environment, useful to living organisms, and affordable. Eco-friendly technologies are gaining prominence as viable alternatives to conventional agricultural inputs like fertilizers and insecticides. The limitations of traditional farming methods can be addressed with the use of nanotechnology. Hence, the most recent research on using nanoparticles (NPs) in farming should be prioritized. This study offered a fresh viewpoint on the biological development of NPs, their uses in agriculture as nanofertilizers and nanopesticides, and how they can improve the performance of biofactors. We also provide recent research on the interactions of NPs with plants, the hazards and fate of nanomaterials in plants, and the role of NPs in the mitigation of stress brought on by abiotic factors and heavy metal toxicity. To reduce the environmental harm caused by conventional, inorganic fertilizers, nanofertilizer application is crucial. Because of their heightened responsiveness and capacity to pierce the epidermis, nanofertilizers can reduce nutrient surplus while increasing nutrient usage efficiency. The importance of NPs in mitigating abiotic stress and heavy metal toxicity was also established. Some research has shown that NPs can be hazardous to higher plants by depositing themselves on the cell surface or in organelles, hence generating signs of oxidative stress. It is crucial to comprehend the advantages and disadvantages of using nanofertilizers as an alternative to conventional fertilizers, as we have done in this book chapter. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.
Incorporation of nanotechnology in wastewater remediation: Advancement and challenges
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Gurudatta Singh; Nisha Yadav; Priya Yadav; Sandeep Kumar Singh; Ajay Kumar
Water is a basic human necessity, and its availability is crucial to the growth of every community and any economy. Water pollution and contamination have become widespread problems due to rapid population growth, increasing industrialization, increasing urbanization, and intensive agricultural operations. Diseases spread by drinking water contaminated with harmful bacteria kill millions of people annually. Despite the fact that several wastewater treatment systems have been investigated over the last few decades, their widespread implementation is obstruct by a number of drawbacks. The removal of heavy metals and other impurities from polluted water using nanotechnology has been shown to be a sustainable technique. However, because to high operational expenses, this technique is not commonly employed in waste wastewater treatment plants. Studies are focusing on environmentally friendly methods for production of nanoparticles which have increased in response to rising demand for their use in wastewater treatment, where nanotechnology promises significant cost reducing. It has also been observed that biological techniques of nanoparticle synthesis are promising and cost-effective. It has been proven in certain research that recycled nanoparticles may be used at a lower cost than newly manufactured nanoparticles. In this chapter we will discuss sustainable wastewater treatment with nanomaterials. Nanoparticles (NPs) have characteristics that might make them a viable alternative to traditional approaches in this context. This chapter provides an in-depth look of the NPs now in use for wastewater treatment, the benefits of doing so, the drawbacks of utilizing nanotechnology, and the research needs for commercial applications. © 2024 Elsevier Inc.
Impact of nanoparticles on biochemical reactions
(Elsevier, 2024) Alka Raj; Sonam Sriwastaw; Krishna Kumar Rai; Ruchi Rai; Shilpi Singh; L.C. Rai
Nanotechnology is a promising field with various applications devoted to manipulating atoms and molecules on a nanoscale (dimensions having a range of a few nanometers). The implication of its developing technology on the environment raised concerns about the metabolism, physiology, and biochemistry of biological systems, mainly producers, that is, plants and algae. Nanoparticles (NPs) enhance abiotic stress tolerance ability and positively affect growth and development in plants and algae depending on various factors like size, nature, concentration, and exposure duration. But it can also have some adverse and unwanted effects like mineral toxicity and the generation of oxidative stress. Interaction of NPs at the biochemical level regarding catalytic NPs such as nanozymes can serve as reactive oxygen species activating or scavenging enzymes involved in plant and algal antioxidant systems. This chapter summarizes the interaction of NPs with such biochemical reactions and their associated pathways in plants and algae. The potential role of NPs, like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, and deoxyribonucleic acid cleavage activities, is also elucidated. Furthermore, we have also discussed the role of NPs on plants and algae in abiotic stress management. Case studies are discussed as examples which will serve as a powerful tool to understand and evaluate research paradigms related to NP impacts in this context. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Nanomedicine in Cardiovascular Diseases: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Innovations for Better Health
(Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Prasoon Madhukar; Vishal Kumar Singh; Shashi Bhushan Chauhan; Rahul Tiwari; Awnish Kumar; Rajneesh; Rajiv Kumar
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a major cause of global mortality, responsible for approximately 17.9 million deaths in 2019 and 20.5 million deaths in 2021. Limited access to specialised testing, especially for marginalised population, complicate the diagnosis of cardiovascular conditions. Disparities in treatment, sub-optimal pharmaceuticals, toxicity from conventional drugs, diagnostic errors, and the underutilization of non-invasive diagnostic methods contribute to adverse outcomes. Additionally, cost and insurance barriers hinder access to necessary tests, delaying diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improved therapies for CVDs. Additionally, cost and insurance barriers hinder access to necessary tests, delaying diagnosis and treatment. Therefore, there is an urgent need for improved therapies for CVDs. Nanotechnology, which involves the precise control and manipulation of materials at the atomic and molecular levels, shows promise in addressing cardiovascular diseases. Nanoparticles, with their unique properties such as ultra-small size, tunable physicochemical characteristics, and biocompatibility, offer potential for targeted drug delivery. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can enhance therapeutic effectiveness, prolong drug action, improve drug absorption, target specific areas passively or actively, reduce drug resistance, and minimize adverse drug reactions. This chapter comprehensively examines the use of nanoparticle-based diagnostic methods, targeting strategies, and therapeutic interventions for cardiovascular diseases, providing a thorough explanation of the fundamental principles and key considerations in this field. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
Synthesis methods of chitosan nanoparticles: A review
(Elsevier, 2024) Jitha S Jayan; Athira Sreedevi Madhavikutty; Partha Kumbhakar; Ramesh Achayalingam; M. Saigayathri; Kalim Deshmukh; Appukuttan Saritha
Biopolymeric nanoparticles are found to be very effective in potential applications in different fields, especially in biomedical field. Chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) are one of those kind of nanoparticle with great research potential owing to its nontoxicity, biodegradability, and high permeability. The extraction of chitosan biopolymer and the production of CSNPs are both vibrant research areas. Emulsification, complexing, phase inversion etc. are the conventional synthesis methods; new synthesis methods are being developed to overcome the disadvantages of traditional approaches. Here we provide a glimpse into the methodological and mechanistic underpinnings of the synthesis methods of CSNPs. This chapter provides a complete overview of the synthesis methods used for the production of CSNPs, their benefits, drawbacks, and obstacles, as well as their future prospects. © 2025 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Emerging nanotechnologies in drug delivery: Insights and regulatory challenges
(Elsevier, 2024) Sandip Debnath; Sourish Pramanik; Dibyendu Seth; Nobendu Mukerjee; Jyi Cheng Ng; Wireko Andrew Awuah; Toufik Abdul-Rahman; Edouard Lansiaux; Abubakar Nazir; Pearl Ohenewaa Tenkorang; Mubarak Jolayemi Mustapha; Jacob Kalmanovich; Kateryna Sikora; Flora Narli; Rohit Sharma; Arabinda Ghosh; Ghulam Md Ashraf; Athanasios Alexiou
With the evolving unnatural lifestyle of human beings, the potential difficulties also evolve. One such threatening disaster is cancer, now a prevalent disease affecting more than millions of people worldwide. Researchers have been preparing potential drugs to be used in cancer treatment. The main focus has been plant-derived compounds due to their minimum side effects, solubility, stability, and low toxicity. Unfortunately, chemotherapy mismanages to fulfill the aforesaid advantages of plant-derived compounds. Including nanocarriers in the fields has opened a new direction by increasing solubility, enhancing circulation, and improving their uptake by cancer cells. Several research efforts have been made to integrate plant-derived compounds as nanocarriers for cancer therapy. Plant-derived polysaccharides and polyphenols have been found to be associated with mechanical support, targeting ligands, or triggering pH responses for drug release. Besides its promising use as an anti-cancer agent, nanoparticles are also being developed to treat neurodegenerative disorders, becoming a public health threat as the global population ages. As the current neurodegenerative disorders therapy regimens could only provide symptomatic relief, nanotechnology techniques are promising as they were able to slow neuron death, reduce inflammation, and improve medicine transport to the brain. This chapter is a narrative review of the different types of green nanocarriers and their potential role in treating cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Microbial synthesized nanoparticles application in plant growth and disease management
(Elsevier, 2024) Rohini Yadav; Neha Basera; Kanak Raj; Anisha Rupashree; Nishesh Sharma; Monika Singh
Agriculture is a basic necessity of humans and animals. Every person requires healthy food to survive a healthy life. However, the increasing population of the world is a global concern. Therefore, new approaches to crop productivity are required such as nanotechnology. In this context, nanoparticles that form the basis of nanotechnology have emerged as a versatile platform for solving the problems encountered. Increased crop production and maintaining sustainability in agriculture are the thrusts of modern technologies. Nowadays nanoparticles play a major role in every field of science, such as medical sciences, environmental sciences, veterinary sciences, and agricultural sciences. In this era, nanotechnology has a wide range of applications in the field of agricultural sciences such as in pesticide delivery, enhanced nutrient supply, managing pathogenicity, and increasing photosynthetic capacity and germination rate. The microbes and plants are natural reservoirs of metallic nanoparticles. Therefore, researchers have shown keen interest in synthesizing nanoparticles using microbial and plant sources. This chapter highlights the impact of nanoparticles on the growth and development of plants synthesized via microbes. © 2025 Elsevier Inc. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.
Nano-assisted delivery tools for plant genetic engineering: a review on recent developments
(Springer, 2024) Pradeep Kumar; Vishnu D. Rajput; Amit Kumar Singh; Shreni Agrawal; Richa Das; Tatiana Minkina; Praveen Kumar Shukla; Ming Hung Wong; Ajeet Kaushik; Salim Albukhaty; Kavindra Nath Tiwari; Sunil Kumar Mishra
Conventional approaches like Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, viral transduction, biolistic particle bombardment, and polyethylene glycol (PEG)-facilitated delivery methods have been optimized for transporting specific genes to various plant cells. These conventional approaches in genetically modified crops are dependent on several factors like plant types, cell types, and genotype requirements, as well as numerous disadvantages such as time-consuming, untargeted distribution of genes, and high cost of cultivation. Therefore, it is suggested to develop novel techniques for the transportation of genes in crop plants using tailored nanoparticles (NPs) of manipulative and controlled high-performance features synthesized using green and chemical routes. It is observed that site-specific delivery of genes exhibits high efficacy in species-independent circumstances which leads to an increased level of productivity. Therefore, to achieve these outcomes, NPs can be utilized as gene nano-carriers for excellent delivery inside crops (i.e., cotton, tobacco, rice, wheat, okra, and maize) for desired genetic engineering modifications. As outcomes, this review provides an outline of the conventional techniques and current application of numerous nano-enabled gene delivery needed for crop gene manipulation, the benefits, and drawbacks associated with state-of-the-art techniques, which serve as a roadmap for the possible applicability of nanomaterials in plant genomic engineering as well as crop improvement in the future. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
In vitro cytotoxic potential of cow dung and expired tomato sauces-derived carbon nanodots against A-375 human melanoma cell line
(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Gaurav Gopal Naik; Reena Madavi; Tarun Minocha; Debadatta Mohapatra; Ravi Pratap; Singh Shreya; Pradeep Kumar Patel; Sanjeev Kumar Yadav; Avanish Parmar; Arjun Patra; Nishant Sudhir Jain; Swaha Satpathy; Mohsin Kazi; Muhammad Delwar Hussain; Alakh N Sahu
Converting biowaste into a functional product is put to the test by the growing amount of biowaste in the world and the environmental problems it causes. In this research study, we synthesized, characterized, and evaluated bluish-green luminescent carbon nanodots (CNDs) from cow dung and expired tomato sauces via a hydrothermal synthesis method at 160 °C for 8 h. The carbon nanodots were fabricated without additional passivating agents and exhibited good physicochemical and optical properties. The intrinsic properties of carbon nanodots were characterized using various spectral techniques. First, we evaluated the cytotoxic potential of carbon nanodots against A-375 human melanoma cell lines. This study revealed that carbon nanodots exhibited potent cytotoxicity and significantly inhibited the proliferation of A-375 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Next, we demonstrated these carbon nanodot's free radical scavenging potential by employing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay. The bluish-green fluorescent carbon nanodots fabricated using a green synthesis approach have broad potential for biological applications. © 2023 The Authors

2024

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