2009

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2.45 GHz low level CW microwave radiation affects embryo implantation sites and single strand DNA damage in brain cells of mice, mus musculus
(IEEE Computer Society, 2009) Vineet Prakash Singh; Priyanka Singh; Chandra Mohini Chaturvedi; Ritesh K. Shukla; Alok Dhawan; Ravi Kumar Gangwar; Surya Pal Singh
To study the effect of microwave radiation on the early stages of pregnancy (implantation) and DNA damage in brain cells, female mice were exposed to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic field (EMF) for 2 hours/ day at power density of 0.1250 mW/cm2 for the period of 30 days (pre-mating period, 22 days; mating period, 5 days; post mating period, 3 days). The results indicate asymmetrical implantation in the two horns of the uterus in addition to alteration in embryo positioning and altered embryo spacing in exposed mice as compared to control. The microwave radiation also induced significant DNA break in brain cells. Our findings point towards microwave radiation induced adverse effects on early embryonic development (implantation) as well as increased DNA damage in brain cells, although further studies are required to understand the extent and the mechanism of these effects. In view of the increased use of microwaves in the modern society and MW induced pathogenesis reported earlier as well as in the present study, it is necessary to define the safer use and threshold limit of the non-ionizing radiation in terms of its biological effects.
4-[2-(1-Acetyl-2-oxopropyl-idene)-hydrazino]-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl) benzene-sulfonamide
(2009) Priyanka Rai; Shalini Upadhyay; M. Nethaji; K.K. Upadhyay
In the title compound, C15H15N5O 4S, the dihedral angle between the pyrimidine and benzene rings is 84.56 (2)°. Intra-molecular hydrazine-carbonyl N - H⋯O and inter-molecular sulfonamide-pyridimine N - H⋯N hydrogen bonds stabilize the mol-ecular and crystal structures, respectively.
5-HT-induced depression of the spinal monosynaptic reflex potential utilizes different types of 5-HT receptors depending on Mg2+ availability
(Polish Academy of Sciences, 2009) Shripad B. Deshpande; Amar N. Maurya; Jitendra N. Singh
Receptor subtypes involved in the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced depression of synaptic transmission in neonatal rat spinal cords in vitro were evaluated in the absence or presence of Mg2+ in the medium. Stimulation of a dorsal root evoked monosynaptic reflex potential (MSP) and polysynaptic reflex potential (PSP) in the segmental ventral root in Mg2+-free medium where the voltage-dependent blockade of NMDA receptors is absent. The 5-HT (0.3-50 μM) in the Mg2+-free medium depressed the MSP and PSP in a concentration-dependent manner. At 30 μM of 5-HT, the depression was 57% and 95% for MSP and PSP, respectively, and no further depression was seen at 50 μM. The 5-HT-induced depression of the reflexes in the Mg2+-free medium was blocked by ondansetron (5-HT3 receptor antagonist), but not by spiperone (5-HT2A/2C antagonist). In the Mg2+-free medium, phenylbiguanide (5-HT3 agonist) also depressed the MSP and PSP in a concentration-dependent manner and was blocked by ondansetron. Addition of Mg2+ (1.3 mM) to the medium abolished the PSP and decreased the MSP by 30%. In the presence of Mg2+, 5-HT (1-50 μM) also depressed the MSP in a concentration-dependent manner. At 10 μM of 5-HT, there was approximately 20% depression and at 50 μM the depression was 100%. The 5-HT-induced depression of MSP in the Mg2+-containing medium was antagonized by spiperone (p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA), but not by ondansetron. The results indicate that the 5-HT-induced depression of MSP involves 5-HT3 receptors in the Mg2+-free medium and 5-HT2A/ 2C in the presence of Mg2+ when NMDA receptors are in the closed state. Copyright © 2009 by Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences.
A case of Actinomycotic mycetoma involving the right foot
(Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2009) Ragini Tilak; Sanjay Singh; Atul Garg; Jaya Bassi; Vijai Tilak; Anil K. Gulati
A 45-year-old male presented with history of multiple swellings over the foot with sinuses discharging seropurulent pus. Actinomadura madurae was demonstrated and identified by microbiological culture from the pus obtained directly of the lesion. This case is reported to emphasize the importance of laboratory diagnosis in the management and assessment of the prognosis of such cases.
A case report of tinea nigra from North India
(2009) Ragini Tilak; Sanjay Singh; Pradyot Prakash; Dharmendra Singh; Anil Gulati
[No abstract available]
A case series describing 118 patients with lower limb necrotizing fasciitis
(2009) A.K. Khanna; Satyendra K. Tiwary; Puneet Kumar; Rahul Khanna; Anuradha Khanna
Necrotizing fasciitis of the lower limb is not uncommon, with poor outcome. This study reviewed 118 cases (78 males and 40 females) with mean age of 45 + 16.5 years (range 12-95 years) of lower limb necrotizing fasciitis admitted to the Department of Surgery, BHU in India between 1995 and 2007. Most patients (n = 97) presented with fever. Other presenting symptoms included painful swelling, bullae, erythema, ulcer, and necrosis. Comorbid conditions such as diabetes, tuberculosis, malignancy, and immunosuppressive therapy were associated in 72 (61%) cases. Amputations were done in 24 patients. Thirty one patients developed septic shock. Renal dialysis was done in 16 patients and ventilatory support was needed in 12 patients. The most common organism identified was 2-hemolytic streptococci (n = 42). Eighteen patients died, a mortality of 15%. The authors consider early diagnosis and aggressive surgical intervention to be crucial for the successful treatment of disease. © 2009 Sage Publications.
A child presented with bilateral congenital constriction ring in lower extremity: A case report
(2009) Richa Jaiman; Ajay N. Gangopadhyay; Dinesh K. Gupta; Punit Srivastava; Vijay D. Upadhyaya; Shiv P. Sharma; Vijayendra Kumar
Introduction: The congenital constriction ring of lower extremity is very uncommon and rare condition. The actual incidence in general population is not known. In English literature, very few cases are reported time to time as congenital constriction band syndrome associated with musculoskeletal disorder like congenital talipes equino varus. The lesion can involve skin only or goes to deeper structure up to bone, which can lead to gangrene of foot or auto amputation. Case presentation: We are presenting a case of bilateral congenital constriction ring in lower limb who presented at age of 4 year without any other associated congenital anomaly, simply managed by Z-plasty, which improves quality of life after physiotherapy. Conclusion: Congenital constriction ring of lower limb is extremely rare condition in children. Early diagnosis and management is mandatory, either in single stage or by stage procedure, to prevent auto-amputation of limb and to improve quality of life on feet. © 2009 Jaiman et al.; licensee Cases Network Ltd.
A class of Hankel convolutions
(2009) R.S. Pathak; S.M. Tripathi
Hankel translations and Hankel convolutions of three different orders are defined. Their properties are investigated. An application to the Bessel differential operator is given. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.
A comparative account of the microbial biomass-N and N-mineralization of soils under natural forest, grassland and crop field from dry tropical region, India
(Institute of Agricultural and Food Information, 2009) Jay S. Singh; D.P. Singh; A.K. Kashyap
This study investigated microbial biomass-N (MB-N) and N-mineralization in soils of four different vegetation systems including forest (sal), mixed forest, savanna and cropland ecosystems in the Vindhyan region, India. A change was noted in the above region due to physiographic differences and anthropogenic disturbances. Annually the soil moisture (SM) content across the different study sites ranged from 7.5 to 24.3% being maximum in forest sites compared to savanna and cropland sites. The NH4+-N, NO 3--N and MB-N concentrations varied from 4.3 to 10.2 μg/g; 1.1 to 5.8 μg/g and 21.3 to 90.2 μg/g dry soil, respectively, with minimum values in the wet and maximum values in the dry season. The trend of seasonal variation in net N-mineralization was similar to that of moisture content but counter to the concentrations of inorganic-N and MB-N. The net N-mineralization rates at different investigated sites ranged from 4.5 to 37.6 μg/g month. Cultivation reduced the N-mineralization and MB-N by 58.5% and 63.5%, respectively. Experiments showed that the percentage contribution of MB-N to total-N was 8.01 to 19.15%. MB-N was positively correlated with the inorganic-N (n=180, r=0.80, P<0.001) but negatively with soil moisture (n=180, r=0.79, P<0.001) and net N-mineralization rates (n=180, r=0.92, P<0.0001). The higher N-mineralization and MB-N in the soil of forest ecosystem was reported compared to savanna and cropland and the order of soil MB-N levels and net N-mineralization followed the sequence: forest (sal) > mixed forest > savanna > cropland.
A comparative study on the oscillatory behaviour of isomers of hydroxybenzoic acid with and without methyl ketones
(2009) Masood A. Nath; R.P. Rastogi; M. Peerzada
The oscillatory behaviour of isomers of hydroxybenzoic acid has been studied in 1.0 M H2S04 with and without methyl ketones as mixed substrates. The presence of Br̄ and the critical bromide ion concentration have been found to have a key role in the present study. Moreover, the effect of ketones such as acetone, butanone and pentanone has also been found to affect the oscillatory characteristics such as induction period, time period, frequency and number of oscillations. The oscillations arise in such systems provided the inhibitory reaction and autocatalysis balance each other.
A comparison of North American and Asian exposure-response data for ozone effects on crop yields
(2009) L.D. Emberson; P. Büker; M.R. Ashmore; G. Mills; L.S. Jackson; M. Agrawal; M.D. Atikuzzaman; S. Cinderby; M. Engardt; C. Jamir; K. Kobayashi; N.T.K. Oanh; Q.F. Quadir; A. Wahid
Modelling-based studies to assess the extent and magnitude of ozone (O3) risk to agriculture in Asia suggest that yield losses of 5-20% for important crops may be common in areas experiencing elevated O3 concentrations. These assessments have relied on European and North American dose-response relationships and hence assumed an equivalent Asian crop response to O3 for local cultivars, pollutant conditions and climate. To test this assumption we collated comparable dose-response data derived from fumigation, filtration and EDU experiments conducted in Asia on wheat, rice and leguminous crop species. These data are pooled and compared with equivalent North American dose-response relationships. The Asian data show that at ambient O3 concentrations found at the study sites (which vary between ∼35-75 ppb 4-8 h growing season mean), yield losses for wheat, rice and legumes range between 5-48, 3-47 and 10-65%, respectively. The results indicate that Asian grown wheat and rice cultivars are more sensitive to O3 than the North American dose-response relationships would suggest. For legumes the scatter in the data makes it difficult to reach any equivalent conclusion in relative sensitivities. As such, existing modelling-based risk assessments may have substantially underestimated the scale of the problem in Asia through use of North American derived dose-response relationships. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A computational method of forecasting based on high-order fuzzy time series
(2009) Shiva Raj Singh
This paper presents a computational method of forecasting based on high-order fuzzy time series. The developed computational method provides a better approach to overcome the drawback of existing high-order fuzzy time series models. Its simplicity lies with the use of differences in consecutive values of various orders as forecasting parameter and a w-step fuzzy predictor in place of complicated computations of fuzzy logical relations. The objective of the present study is to examine the suitability of various high-order fuzzy time series models in forecasting. The general suitability of the developed method has been tested by implementing it in the forecasting of student enrollments of the University of Alabama and in the forecasting of crop (Lahi) production, a case of high uncertainty in time series data. The results obtained have been compared in terms of average error of forecast to show superiority of the proposed model. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A finite speed Curzon-Ahlborn engine
(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2009) D.C. Agrawal
Curzon and Ahlborn achieved finite power output by introducing the concept of finite rate of heat transfer in a Carnot engine. The finite power can also be achieved through a finite speed of the piston on the four branches of the Carnot cycle. The present paper combines these two approaches to study the behaviour of output power in terms of isothermal expansion ratio V*2 and the temperature differences x and y present at the hot source and cold sink branches, respectively, for the benefit of undergraduate students. © 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd.
A kinetically stable plant subtilase with unique peptide mass fingerprints and dimerization properties
(2009) Subhash Chandra Yadav; M.V. Jagannadham; Suman Kundu; Medicherla V. Jagannadham
Milin, a potent molluscicide from the latex of Euphorbia milii, holds promise in medicinal biochemistry. Electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry and other biochemical characteristics identify milin as a homodimeric, plant subtilisin-like serine protease, the first of its kind. The subunits of milin are differentially glycosylated affecting dimer association, solubility and proteolytic activity. The dimeric dissociation is SDS-insensitive and strongly temperature dependent but does not appear to be linked by disulfide bridges. N-terminal sequence of acid hydrolyzed peptide fragments shows no homology to known serine protease. Peptide mass fingerprinting and de novo sequencing of the tryptic fragments also did not identify putative domains in the protein. Milin seems to be a novel plant enzyme with subunit association partly similar to human herpes virus serine proteases and partly to penicillin binding proteins. Its behaviour on SDS-PAGE gels and other properties is like "kinetically stable" proteins. Such subunit association and properties might play a critical role in its physiological function and in controlling Schistosomiasis. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A maturity model for CBSE
(2009) Ratneshwer
The Capability Maturity Model (proposed by SEI-CMU) does not consider Component Based Software Engineering (CBSE) principles in its considerations of levels and KPAs. It is therefore necessary to consider a model that is based on peculiarities and importance of CBSE and hence a new model under the name ICMM (Integrated Component Maturity Model) for this purpose is being proposed herein. The model, ICMM, is applicable for many types of organizations like organizations that develop components only, organizations that develop CBS or organizations that develop components along with CBS. This work starts a discussion and calls for more extensive research oriented studies by professionals and academicians for perfection of the model. Copyright is held by the author/owner(s).
A new find of boninite dyke from the Palaeoproterozoic Dongargarh Super group: Inference for a fossil subduction zone in the Archaean of the Bastar craton, Central India
(2009) N.V. Chalapathi Rao; Rajesh K. Srivastava
The Dongargarh Supergroup (DSG), a bimodal Large igneous province (LIP), is one of the Palaeoproterozoic greenschist facies-metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary belts in the Bastar craton of the Central Indian shield. Two contrasting models are in vogue for the generation of the mafic volcanics from the DSG - a continental rifting model and an arc related model. In this paper, we report the occurrence of a boninite dyke from the Bijli rhyolite Formation, which is the lower volcanic horizon in the Nandgaon Group of the DSG. The boninite dyke is characterised by high magnesium (MgO : 18.32-18.80 wt.%), primitive Mgnumber (Mg# >80), abundance of silica (SiO2: 51.63-51.95 wt.%), high Ni (-369 ppm), Cr (-2703 ppm). extremely low titania (TiO2: 0.04 wt.%), enrichment of LREE over MREE and HFSE and pronounced negative anomalies in Nb, Ti and Zr on primitive mantle normalized multi-element plots. The Dongargarh boninite dyke is inferred to have been derived from a primary magma and shares geochemical characteristics of modern- as well as Archaean-boninites. It comes under the high-Ca boninite category and displays distinct geochemical traits compared to the so far reported boninites from the Bastar craton. Its petrogenesis necessitates a two stage-model involving a refractory mantle as well as fluids derived from subducted sediments. Crustal assimilation (contamination) or a direct plume-derived melt cannot account for its observed geochemical characters. Even though we cannot constrain the generation of the mafic volcanics of DSG vis-à-vis rifting vs convergence with the available data, the occurrence and geochemistry of the boninite dyke indeed demonstrates that this domain represents a fossil subduction zone. © by E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 2009.
A new indole alkaloid from Alstonia scholaris
(2009) Luna Jain; M.B. Pandey; Sarita Singh; A.K. Singh; V.B. Pandey
A new indole alkaloid, N-formylscholarine, together with picrinine, strictamine and nareline has been isolated from the fruit pods of Alstonia scholaris, and their structures were established by various spectral data. This is the first report of these alkaloids in A. scholaris fruit pods. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.
A new technique for determination of melting temperature of poly(ethylene glycol) by ultrasonic velocimetry
(2009) Manish Pratap Singh; Rajendra Kumar Singh; Suresh Chandra
Ultrasonic velocity and density of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (mol. wt. 2000 and 8000) solutions in water and benzene have been studied as a function of temperature from which respective isentropic compressibility has also been calculated. The velocity (as well as isentropic compressibility) undergoes a sudden change near melting temperature, Tm, of the solute polymer. Normally, we expect only one peak in viscoelastic properties at the Tm of PEG. However, we see two peaks (Tm1 and Tm2) in the case of the aqueous solution of PEG while there is only one peak for the case of benzene solution. This has been interpreted on the basis that one of the peaks (Tm1) is for unsolvated PEG and the other peak (Tm2) is that of PEG with water solvation shell. Such solvation shell is not formed with the aprotic solvent (benzene). © 2009 Taylor & Francis.
A nonlinear mathematical model to study the interactions of hot gases with cloud droplets and raindrops
(2009) Shyam Sundar; Ram Naresh; A.K. Misra; J.B. Shukla
In this paper, a nonlinear mathematical model is proposed and analyzed to study the interactions of hot gases with cloud droplets as well as with raindrops and their removal by rain from the stable atmosphere. The atmosphere, during rain, is assumed to consist of five nonlinearly interacting phases i.e. the vapour phase, the phase of cloud droplets, the phase of raindrops, the phase of hot gaseous pollutants and the absorbed phase of hot gases in the raindrops (if it exists). It is further assumed that these phases undergo ecological type growth and nonlinear interactions. The proposed model is analyzed using stability theory of differential equations and by numerical simulation. It is shown that the cumulative concentration of gaseous pollutants decreases due to rain and its equilibrium level depends upon the density of cloud droplets, the rate of formation of raindrops, emission rate of pollutants, the rate of falling absorbed phase on the ground, etc. It is noted here that if gases are very hot, cloud droplets are not formed and rain may not take place. In such a case gaseous pollutants may not be removed from the atmosphere due to non-occurrence of rain. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A novel approach to the interpretation of PAL spectra in glycerol
(Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2009) S.V. Stepanov; D.S. Zvezhinskii; G. Duplatre; V.M. Byakov; V.S. Subrahmanyam
A new strategy for the treatment of positron annihilation lifetime (PAL) spectra in viscous liquids is proposed, enabling to extract values of the Ps reaction rate constants with intratrack radiolytic products as well as parameters of the free volume distribution in viscous media. © (2009) Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland.