2009

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4-[2-(1-Acetyl-2-oxopropyl-idene)-hydrazino]-N-(pyrimidin-2-yl) benzene-sulfonamide
(2009) Priyanka Rai; Shalini Upadhyay; M. Nethaji; K.K. Upadhyay
In the title compound, C15H15N5O 4S, the dihedral angle between the pyrimidine and benzene rings is 84.56 (2)°. Intra-molecular hydrazine-carbonyl N - H⋯O and inter-molecular sulfonamide-pyridimine N - H⋯N hydrogen bonds stabilize the mol-ecular and crystal structures, respectively.
5-HT-induced depression of the spinal monosynaptic reflex potential utilizes different types of 5-HT receptors depending on Mg2+ availability
(Polish Academy of Sciences, 2009) Shripad B. Deshpande; Amar N. Maurya; Jitendra N. Singh
Receptor subtypes involved in the 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)-induced depression of synaptic transmission in neonatal rat spinal cords in vitro were evaluated in the absence or presence of Mg2+ in the medium. Stimulation of a dorsal root evoked monosynaptic reflex potential (MSP) and polysynaptic reflex potential (PSP) in the segmental ventral root in Mg2+-free medium where the voltage-dependent blockade of NMDA receptors is absent. The 5-HT (0.3-50 μM) in the Mg2+-free medium depressed the MSP and PSP in a concentration-dependent manner. At 30 μM of 5-HT, the depression was 57% and 95% for MSP and PSP, respectively, and no further depression was seen at 50 μM. The 5-HT-induced depression of the reflexes in the Mg2+-free medium was blocked by ondansetron (5-HT3 receptor antagonist), but not by spiperone (5-HT2A/2C antagonist). In the Mg2+-free medium, phenylbiguanide (5-HT3 agonist) also depressed the MSP and PSP in a concentration-dependent manner and was blocked by ondansetron. Addition of Mg2+ (1.3 mM) to the medium abolished the PSP and decreased the MSP by 30%. In the presence of Mg2+, 5-HT (1-50 μM) also depressed the MSP in a concentration-dependent manner. At 10 μM of 5-HT, there was approximately 20% depression and at 50 μM the depression was 100%. The 5-HT-induced depression of MSP in the Mg2+-containing medium was antagonized by spiperone (p < 0.05, two-way ANOVA), but not by ondansetron. The results indicate that the 5-HT-induced depression of MSP involves 5-HT3 receptors in the Mg2+-free medium and 5-HT2A/ 2C in the presence of Mg2+ when NMDA receptors are in the closed state. Copyright © 2009 by Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences.
A case of Actinomycotic mycetoma involving the right foot
(Journal of Infection in Developing Countries, 2009) Ragini Tilak; Sanjay Singh; Atul Garg; Jaya Bassi; Vijai Tilak; Anil K. Gulati
A 45-year-old male presented with history of multiple swellings over the foot with sinuses discharging seropurulent pus. Actinomadura madurae was demonstrated and identified by microbiological culture from the pus obtained directly of the lesion. This case is reported to emphasize the importance of laboratory diagnosis in the management and assessment of the prognosis of such cases.
A case series describing 118 patients with lower limb necrotizing fasciitis
(2009) A.K. Khanna; Satyendra K. Tiwary; Puneet Kumar; Rahul Khanna; Anuradha Khanna
Necrotizing fasciitis of the lower limb is not uncommon, with poor outcome. This study reviewed 118 cases (78 males and 40 females) with mean age of 45 + 16.5 years (range 12-95 years) of lower limb necrotizing fasciitis admitted to the Department of Surgery, BHU in India between 1995 and 2007. Most patients (n = 97) presented with fever. Other presenting symptoms included painful swelling, bullae, erythema, ulcer, and necrosis. Comorbid conditions such as diabetes, tuberculosis, malignancy, and immunosuppressive therapy were associated in 72 (61%) cases. Amputations were done in 24 patients. Thirty one patients developed septic shock. Renal dialysis was done in 16 patients and ventilatory support was needed in 12 patients. The most common organism identified was 2-hemolytic streptococci (n = 42). Eighteen patients died, a mortality of 15%. The authors consider early diagnosis and aggressive surgical intervention to be crucial for the successful treatment of disease. © 2009 Sage Publications.
A child presented with bilateral congenital constriction ring in lower extremity: A case report
(2009) Richa Jaiman; Ajay N. Gangopadhyay; Dinesh K. Gupta; Punit Srivastava; Vijay D. Upadhyaya; Shiv P. Sharma; Vijayendra Kumar
Introduction: The congenital constriction ring of lower extremity is very uncommon and rare condition. The actual incidence in general population is not known. In English literature, very few cases are reported time to time as congenital constriction band syndrome associated with musculoskeletal disorder like congenital talipes equino varus. The lesion can involve skin only or goes to deeper structure up to bone, which can lead to gangrene of foot or auto amputation. Case presentation: We are presenting a case of bilateral congenital constriction ring in lower limb who presented at age of 4 year without any other associated congenital anomaly, simply managed by Z-plasty, which improves quality of life after physiotherapy. Conclusion: Congenital constriction ring of lower limb is extremely rare condition in children. Early diagnosis and management is mandatory, either in single stage or by stage procedure, to prevent auto-amputation of limb and to improve quality of life on feet. © 2009 Jaiman et al.; licensee Cases Network Ltd.
A class of Hankel convolutions
(2009) R.S. Pathak; S.M. Tripathi
Hankel translations and Hankel convolutions of three different orders are defined. Their properties are investigated. An application to the Bessel differential operator is given. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.
A comparative account of the microbial biomass-N and N-mineralization of soils under natural forest, grassland and crop field from dry tropical region, India
(Institute of Agricultural and Food Information, 2009) Jay S. Singh; D.P. Singh; A.K. Kashyap
This study investigated microbial biomass-N (MB-N) and N-mineralization in soils of four different vegetation systems including forest (sal), mixed forest, savanna and cropland ecosystems in the Vindhyan region, India. A change was noted in the above region due to physiographic differences and anthropogenic disturbances. Annually the soil moisture (SM) content across the different study sites ranged from 7.5 to 24.3% being maximum in forest sites compared to savanna and cropland sites. The NH4+-N, NO 3--N and MB-N concentrations varied from 4.3 to 10.2 μg/g; 1.1 to 5.8 μg/g and 21.3 to 90.2 μg/g dry soil, respectively, with minimum values in the wet and maximum values in the dry season. The trend of seasonal variation in net N-mineralization was similar to that of moisture content but counter to the concentrations of inorganic-N and MB-N. The net N-mineralization rates at different investigated sites ranged from 4.5 to 37.6 μg/g month. Cultivation reduced the N-mineralization and MB-N by 58.5% and 63.5%, respectively. Experiments showed that the percentage contribution of MB-N to total-N was 8.01 to 19.15%. MB-N was positively correlated with the inorganic-N (n=180, r=0.80, P<0.001) but negatively with soil moisture (n=180, r=0.79, P<0.001) and net N-mineralization rates (n=180, r=0.92, P<0.0001). The higher N-mineralization and MB-N in the soil of forest ecosystem was reported compared to savanna and cropland and the order of soil MB-N levels and net N-mineralization followed the sequence: forest (sal) > mixed forest > savanna > cropland.
A comparative study on the oscillatory behaviour of isomers of hydroxybenzoic acid with and without methyl ketones
(2009) Masood A. Nath; R.P. Rastogi; M. Peerzada
The oscillatory behaviour of isomers of hydroxybenzoic acid has been studied in 1.0 M H2S04 with and without methyl ketones as mixed substrates. The presence of Br̄ and the critical bromide ion concentration have been found to have a key role in the present study. Moreover, the effect of ketones such as acetone, butanone and pentanone has also been found to affect the oscillatory characteristics such as induction period, time period, frequency and number of oscillations. The oscillations arise in such systems provided the inhibitory reaction and autocatalysis balance each other.
A computational method of forecasting based on high-order fuzzy time series
(2009) Shiva Raj Singh
This paper presents a computational method of forecasting based on high-order fuzzy time series. The developed computational method provides a better approach to overcome the drawback of existing high-order fuzzy time series models. Its simplicity lies with the use of differences in consecutive values of various orders as forecasting parameter and a w-step fuzzy predictor in place of complicated computations of fuzzy logical relations. The objective of the present study is to examine the suitability of various high-order fuzzy time series models in forecasting. The general suitability of the developed method has been tested by implementing it in the forecasting of student enrollments of the University of Alabama and in the forecasting of crop (Lahi) production, a case of high uncertainty in time series data. The results obtained have been compared in terms of average error of forecast to show superiority of the proposed model. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
A finite speed Curzon-Ahlborn engine
(Institute of Physics Publishing, 2009) D.C. Agrawal
Curzon and Ahlborn achieved finite power output by introducing the concept of finite rate of heat transfer in a Carnot engine. The finite power can also be achieved through a finite speed of the piston on the four branches of the Carnot cycle. The present paper combines these two approaches to study the behaviour of output power in terms of isothermal expansion ratio V*2 and the temperature differences x and y present at the hot source and cold sink branches, respectively, for the benefit of undergraduate students. © 2009 IOP Publishing Ltd.
A kinetically stable plant subtilase with unique peptide mass fingerprints and dimerization properties
(2009) Subhash Chandra Yadav; M.V. Jagannadham; Suman Kundu; Medicherla V. Jagannadham
Milin, a potent molluscicide from the latex of Euphorbia milii, holds promise in medicinal biochemistry. Electrophoresis, size exclusion chromatography, mass spectrometry and other biochemical characteristics identify milin as a homodimeric, plant subtilisin-like serine protease, the first of its kind. The subunits of milin are differentially glycosylated affecting dimer association, solubility and proteolytic activity. The dimeric dissociation is SDS-insensitive and strongly temperature dependent but does not appear to be linked by disulfide bridges. N-terminal sequence of acid hydrolyzed peptide fragments shows no homology to known serine protease. Peptide mass fingerprinting and de novo sequencing of the tryptic fragments also did not identify putative domains in the protein. Milin seems to be a novel plant enzyme with subunit association partly similar to human herpes virus serine proteases and partly to penicillin binding proteins. Its behaviour on SDS-PAGE gels and other properties is like "kinetically stable" proteins. Such subunit association and properties might play a critical role in its physiological function and in controlling Schistosomiasis. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
A new find of boninite dyke from the Palaeoproterozoic Dongargarh Super group: Inference for a fossil subduction zone in the Archaean of the Bastar craton, Central India
(2009) N.V. Chalapathi Rao; Rajesh K. Srivastava
The Dongargarh Supergroup (DSG), a bimodal Large igneous province (LIP), is one of the Palaeoproterozoic greenschist facies-metamorphosed volcano-sedimentary belts in the Bastar craton of the Central Indian shield. Two contrasting models are in vogue for the generation of the mafic volcanics from the DSG - a continental rifting model and an arc related model. In this paper, we report the occurrence of a boninite dyke from the Bijli rhyolite Formation, which is the lower volcanic horizon in the Nandgaon Group of the DSG. The boninite dyke is characterised by high magnesium (MgO : 18.32-18.80 wt.%), primitive Mgnumber (Mg# >80), abundance of silica (SiO2: 51.63-51.95 wt.%), high Ni (-369 ppm), Cr (-2703 ppm). extremely low titania (TiO2: 0.04 wt.%), enrichment of LREE over MREE and HFSE and pronounced negative anomalies in Nb, Ti and Zr on primitive mantle normalized multi-element plots. The Dongargarh boninite dyke is inferred to have been derived from a primary magma and shares geochemical characteristics of modern- as well as Archaean-boninites. It comes under the high-Ca boninite category and displays distinct geochemical traits compared to the so far reported boninites from the Bastar craton. Its petrogenesis necessitates a two stage-model involving a refractory mantle as well as fluids derived from subducted sediments. Crustal assimilation (contamination) or a direct plume-derived melt cannot account for its observed geochemical characters. Even though we cannot constrain the generation of the mafic volcanics of DSG vis-à-vis rifting vs convergence with the available data, the occurrence and geochemistry of the boninite dyke indeed demonstrates that this domain represents a fossil subduction zone. © by E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung 2009.
A new indole alkaloid from Alstonia scholaris
(2009) Luna Jain; M.B. Pandey; Sarita Singh; A.K. Singh; V.B. Pandey
A new indole alkaloid, N-formylscholarine, together with picrinine, strictamine and nareline has been isolated from the fruit pods of Alstonia scholaris, and their structures were established by various spectral data. This is the first report of these alkaloids in A. scholaris fruit pods. © 2009 Taylor & Francis.
A new technique for determination of melting temperature of poly(ethylene glycol) by ultrasonic velocimetry
(2009) Manish Pratap Singh; Rajendra Kumar Singh; Suresh Chandra
Ultrasonic velocity and density of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) (mol. wt. 2000 and 8000) solutions in water and benzene have been studied as a function of temperature from which respective isentropic compressibility has also been calculated. The velocity (as well as isentropic compressibility) undergoes a sudden change near melting temperature, Tm, of the solute polymer. Normally, we expect only one peak in viscoelastic properties at the Tm of PEG. However, we see two peaks (Tm1 and Tm2) in the case of the aqueous solution of PEG while there is only one peak for the case of benzene solution. This has been interpreted on the basis that one of the peaks (Tm1) is for unsolvated PEG and the other peak (Tm2) is that of PEG with water solvation shell. Such solvation shell is not formed with the aprotic solvent (benzene). © 2009 Taylor & Francis.
A nonlinear mathematical model to study the interactions of hot gases with cloud droplets and raindrops
(2009) Shyam Sundar; Ram Naresh; A.K. Misra; J.B. Shukla
In this paper, a nonlinear mathematical model is proposed and analyzed to study the interactions of hot gases with cloud droplets as well as with raindrops and their removal by rain from the stable atmosphere. The atmosphere, during rain, is assumed to consist of five nonlinearly interacting phases i.e. the vapour phase, the phase of cloud droplets, the phase of raindrops, the phase of hot gaseous pollutants and the absorbed phase of hot gases in the raindrops (if it exists). It is further assumed that these phases undergo ecological type growth and nonlinear interactions. The proposed model is analyzed using stability theory of differential equations and by numerical simulation. It is shown that the cumulative concentration of gaseous pollutants decreases due to rain and its equilibrium level depends upon the density of cloud droplets, the rate of formation of raindrops, emission rate of pollutants, the rate of falling absorbed phase on the ground, etc. It is noted here that if gases are very hot, cloud droplets are not formed and rain may not take place. In such a case gaseous pollutants may not be removed from the atmosphere due to non-occurrence of rain. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
A one pot method of conversion of aldehydes into nitriles using iodine in ammonia water: Synthesis of 2-chloro-3-cyanoquinolines
(2009) Shraddha Upadhyay; Atish Chandra; Radhey M. Singh
One pot rapid transformations of heteroaromatic carbaldehyde to cyano group using cheap and easily available iodine in aqueous ammonia has been described.
A probe for detection of G-rich target strands through fluorescence quenching
(2009) Arvind Misra; Pratibha Dwivedi; Mohammad Shahid
A modified fluorescent probe UFAA AAT CTC CGC CGC was synthesized using the nucleoside analogue 3-O-(N,N-diisopropylamino-2- cyanoethoxyphosphinyl)-5-O-(4,4-dimethoxytrityl)-2-O-(dansyl-1- sulfonamidohexylaminocarbonyl)uridine for hybridization studies with perfectly matched (U/A) complementary DNA and with a DNA strand having similar G-rich telomeric units at their 3-ends. Data on the thermal stability and decrease in fluorescence intensity due to the presence of dG units clearly demonstrated the potential application of this approach in DNA diagnostics in homogeneous hybridization assays. © 2009 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.
A prospective, descriptive study to identify the microbiological profile of chronic wounds in outpatients
(HMP Communications, 2009) Somprakas Basu; Tetraj Ramchuran Panray; Tej Bali Singh; Anil K. Gulati; Vijay K. Shukla
Indiscriminate use of antibiotics for infected chronic wounds is a global problem that may contribute to delayed healing and the development of drug-resistant micro-organisms. A prospective, descriptive cohort study of 50 male and female outpatients (mean age 52.50 [± 14.84] years, range 18-90) with 52 chronic wounds was conducted to investigate the microbiological profile and prevalence of drug-resistant strains in chronic nonhealing wounds to develop an evidence-based approach to antibiotic therapy until drug sensitivity reports are available. Mean wound duration was 8.23 (± 12.35) months (range 1.5-72), average wound size was 29.70 (± 37.83) cm, and most patients had a lower extremity wound and diabetes mellitus (n ≤ 20). Pus and tissue samples were cultured and tested. Most (45) wounds contained a single organism and nine different genera were isolated. Of those, 39 were Gram-negative and 11 were Gram-positive (z ≤ 5.50, P ≤<0.001). The most common organisms were Pseudomonas (21 wounds) and Escherichia coli (eight wounds). Pseudomonas aeruginosa was more common in patients with diabetes mellitus, in lower extremity ulcers, and in ulcers >20 cm2 (z-test, P <0.05). The presence of two organisms was more commonly observed in postsurgical/traumatic wounds. Ten (10) out of 55 pathogens (18.18%) isolated were drug-resistant, including Pseudomonas (seven), methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (one), and extended-spectrum beta lactamase (two - E. coli and Citrobacter). Most (70%) drug-resistant pathogens were obtained from persons with diabetes mellitus. Overall sensitivity to piperacillin and tazobactum combination was high. Because the prevalence of monomicrobial flora in chronic wounds is high, if a wound infection is suspected, empiric therapy should target the most prevalent flora. The high rate of drug-resistant Pseudomonas and MRSA strains should discourage antibiotic use in chronic ulcers before obtaining culture results.
A quantum chemical study of repair of O6-methylguanine to guanine by tyrosine: Evaluation of the winged helix-turn-helix model
(2009) Saumya Tiwari; Phool Chand Mishra
The winged helix-turn-helix model for the repair of O6-MeG to guanine involving the reaction of O6-MeG with a tyrosine residue of the protein O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (AGT) was examined by studying the reaction mechanism and barrier energies. Molecular geometries of the species and complexes involved in the reaction, i.e. the reactant, intermediate and product complexes as well as transition states, were optimized employing density functional theory in gas phase. It was followed by single point energy calculations using density functional theory along with a higher basis set and second order Müller-Plesset perturbation theory (MP2) along with two different basis sets in gas phase and aqueous media. For the solvation calculations in aqueous media, the integral equation formalism of the polarizable continuum model (IEF-PCM) was employed. Vibrational frequency analysis was performed for each optimized structure and genuineness of transition states was ensured by visualizing the vibrational modes. It is found that tyrosine can repair O6-MeG to guanine by a two-step reaction. The present results have been compared with those obtained considering the helix-turn-helix model where the repair reaction primarily involves cysteine and occurs in a single-step. It is concluded that the repair through tyrosine envisaged in the winged helix-turn-helix model would be less efficient than that through cysteine envisaged in the helix-turn-helix model. © Springer-Verlag 2009.
A simple method for estimating poisson's ratio of geosynthetics at zero strain
(2009) Sanjay Kumar Shukla; Nagaratnam Sivakugan; Sitaram Mahto
A theoretical expression for the Poisson's ratio of geosynthetics as a function of axial normal strain may be very useful, particularly during the initial design stage of some geosynthetic-related projects. This technical note examines the suitability of such an expression suggested by Giroud 2004 (Geotext. Geomembr., Vol. 22, No. 4, pp. 297-305) in detail, and suggests a simple approach to estimate the appropriate values of the Poisson's ratio of the geosynthetics at zero strain (v0), which are required for use of this expression. A chart is presented for this purpose, which can be used by knowing the experimental value of the Poisson's ratio of a geosynthetic at any one nonzero strain. The suggested procedure and proposed chart can equally be applied for estimating v0 of other similar materials. Based on the limited experimental results presented in this note, the Giroud's expression is recommended for use with v0=0.57 for the high density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembranes and v0=1.75 for the nonwoven geotextiles, assuming that these values will not differ significantly for other similar geosynthetics, because v0 is dependent only on the nature of material. Copyright © 2009 by ASTM International.