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Biodeterioration of some herbal raw materials by storage fungi and aflatoxin and assessment of Cymbopogon flexuosus essential oil and its components as antifungal
(2009) Ashok Kumar; Ravindra Shukla; Priyanka Singh; Nawal Kishore Dubey
Deterioration of raw materials of six medicinal plants viz. Terminalia arjuna, Acorus calamus, Rauvolfia serpentina, Holarrhena antidysenterica, Withania somnifera and Boerhaavia diffusa was examined. Some of the contaminated raw materials were found to be deteriorated by toxigenic strains of Aspergillus flavus and contain aflatoxin B1 (41.0-95.4 μg kg-1) which is above the permissible limit. Essential oil of Cymbopogon flexuosus and its components was found efficient in checking fungal growth and aflatoxin production. C. flexuosus essential oil absolutely inhibited the growth of A. flavus and aflatoxin B1 production at 1.3 μl ml-1 and 1.0 μl ml-1 respectively. The individual oil components were more efficacious than the Cymbopogon oil as such which emphasizes masking of their efficacy when combined together. Eugenol exhibited potent antifungal and aflatoxin inhibitory activity at 0.3 μl ml-1 and 0.1 μl ml-1 respectively. Eugenol was found superior over some prevalent synthetic antimicrobials and exhibited broad fungitoxic spectrum against some biodeteriorating moulds. Prospects of exploitation of the oil and its components as acceptable plant based antimicrobials in qualitative as well as quantitative control of biodeterioration of herbal raw materials have been discussed. © 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Efficacy of Artabotrys odoratissimus oil as a plant based antimicrobial against storage fungi and aflatoxin B1 secretion
(2009) Bhawana Srivastava; Priyanka Singh; Anjil Kumar Srivastava; Ravindra Shukla; Nawal Kishore Dubey
The essential oil of Artabotrys odoratissimus R.Br. was evaluated for antifungal activity against some storage fungi causing contamination of food stuffs. Minimum inhibitory concentration of the oil was found to be 750 μL L-1 against Aspergillus flavus Link. It was found superior over different prevalent synthetic fungicides which inhibited the growth of A. flavus between 1000-5000 μL L-1. The oil exhibited broad fungitoxic spectrum against fourteen different storage fungi. Aspergillus fumigatus was inhibited at 1000 μL L-1 whereas Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata, Fusarium oxysporum, Helminthosporium oryzae, Macrophomina phaseolina, Microsporum gypseum, Mucor racemosus, Penicillium italicum, Pythium debaryanum, Rhizoctonia solani, Sclerotium rolfsii and Trichoderma viride at 500 μL L-1. Aspergillus niger was found to be inhibited only 84.9% at 1000 μL L-1. In addition, the oil showed significant efficacy in arresting aflatoxin B1 secretion by the toxigenic strain (Navjot 4NSt) of A. flavus at 750 μL L-1. The efficacy of A. odoratissimus oil as aflatoxin suppressor is being reported for the first time. © 2009 Institute of Food Science and Technology.

2009

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