2009
Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://dl.bhu.ac.in/bhuir/handle/123456789/18515
Browse
Search Results
Now showing 1 - 10 of 871
PublicationArticle Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) reveals genetic homogeneity of Leishmania donovani strains in the Indian subcontinent(2009) Mohammad Zahangir Alam; Katrin Kuhls; Carola Schweynoch; Shyam Sundar; Suman Rijal; Abul Khair M. Shamsuzzaman; Balaraju Venkata Subba Raju; Poonam Salotra; Jean-Claude Dujardin; Gabriele SchönianIn this population genetic study of Leishmania donovani parasites in the Indian subcontinent, 132 isolates obtained from patients in Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Sri Lanka suffering from Kala-azar (100), post-Kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) (25) and cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) (2), and from 5 patients whose clinical patterns were not defined, were analysed by using 15 hyper-variable microsatellite loci. Multilocus microsatellite typing (MLMT) data were analysed by using a Bayesian model-based clustering algorithm and constructing phylogenic tree based on genetic distances. In total, 125 strains from Bangladesh, Bihar (India) and Nepal formed a very homogeneous population regardless of geographical origin, clinical manifestation, and whether they presented in vitro or in vivo susceptibility to antimonial drugs. Identical multilocus microsatellite profiles were found for 108 strains, other strains differed in only one marker. Considerably different microsatellite profiles were identified for three Indian strains most closely related to L. donovani from Kenya, and for four strains from Indian and Sri Lankan CL cases. The circulation of a single homogeneous population of L. donovani in Bihar (India), Bangladesh and Nepal is, most probably, related to the epidemic spread of visceral leishmaniasis in this area. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.PublicationArticle Effect of Terminalia arjuna on antioxidant defense system in cancer(2009) Nibha Verma; Manjula VinayakConstant production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) during aerobic metabolism is balanced by antioxidant defense system of an organism. Although low level of ROS is important for various physiological functions, its accumulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of age-related diseases such as cancer and coronary heart disease and neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. It is generally assumed that frequent consumption of phytochemicals derived from vegetables, fruits, tea and herbs may contribute to shift the balance towards an adequate antioxidant status. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of aqueous extract of medicinal plant Terminalia arjuna on antioxidant defense system in lymphoma bearing AKR mice. Antioxidant action of T. arjuna is monitored by the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S transferase which constitute major antioxidant defense system by scavenging ROS. These enzyme activities are low in lymphoma bearing mice indicating impaired antioxidant defense system. Oral administration of different doses of aqueous extract of T. arjuna causes significant elevation in the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S transferase. T. arjuna is found to down regulate anaerobic metabolism by inhibiting the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in lymphoma bearing mice, which was elevated in untreated cancerous mice. The results indicate the antioxidant action of aqueous extract of T. arjuna, which may play a role in the anti carcinogenic activity by reducing the oxidative stress along with inhibition of anaerobic metabolism. © 2008 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.PublicationArticle Coumarinolignans from the seeds of Annona squamosa Linn.(WWW Publications PTE India, 2009) Rakesh Ranjan; Mahendra SahaiPhytochemical investigations of Annona squamosa seeds have led to the isolation of three lignans consisting of coumarin moiety, cleomiscosin A(1), cleomiscosin B(2) and cleomiscosin C(3). Their structures were arrived at by detailed spectroscopic analysis. Cleomiscosin A and cleomiscosin B are position isomer.PublicationArticle Lingual Mucosal Graft Urethroplasty for Anterior Urethral Strictures(2009) Suren K. Das; Abhay Kumar; Girish K. Sharma; Ashwani K. Pandey; Harbans Bansal; Sameer Trivedi; Udai S. Dwivedi; Visweswar Bhattacharya; Pratap B. SinghObjective: To evaluate the effectiveness of a lingual mucosal graft (LMG) urethroplasty for anterior urethral strictures and the donor site complications. Methods: A total of 30 patients underwent urethroplasty for anterior urethral strictures using dorsal on-lay of a LMG from March 2006 to December 2006. Most patients had balanitis xerotica obliterans as the etiology. The mean stricture length was 10.2 cm (range 3.7-16.5). Postoperatively, all patients underwent pericatheter urethrography at 3 weeks, followed by retrograde urethrography with micturating cystourethrography, and uroflowmetry at 3 and 6 months. Repeat uroflowmetry was done as, and when, required. Results: The mean period of follow-up was 9 months (range 4-12). The overall success rate was 83.3%. The mean peak flow rate increased postoperatively from 4.36 mL/s to 35.5 mL/s at 3 months and 25.06 mL/s at 6 months of follow-up. One patient developed repeat stricture at the anastomotic site, and 4 patients developed recurrent meatal stenosis. Conclusions: The results of LMG urethroplasty were comparable to that of buccal mucosal graft urethroplasty. LMG is easy to harvest. Most importantly, the donor site complications were minimal without any functional or esthetic deficiency. © 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.PublicationArticle Use of sewage sludge as fertiliser supplement for Abelmoschus esculentus plants: Physiological, biochemical and growth responses(Inderscience Publishers, 2009) R.P. Singh; M. AgrawalThis study was conducted to assess the usefulness of sewage sludge amendment (SSA) at 20 and 40% ratios for lady's finger (Abelmoschus esculentus L. var Varsha uphar) by evaluating the morphological, physiological, biochemical and yield responses. Lipid peroxidation, protein and antioxidant levels increased whereas photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and variable fluorescence ratio decreased in plants at higher SSA ratio. Biomass, yield and heavy metal concentration increased significantly at both the amendment ratios. The study suggests that SSA ratio below 20% could be an alternative option of fertilisers for good yield of lady's finger and also a useful management option for this solid waste. Copyright © 2009, Inderscience Publishers.PublicationArticle Osmotic stress induced alteration in the expression of arginine vasotocin receptor VT2 in the pituitary gland and adrenal function of domestic fowl(Academic Press Inc., 2009) Dharmendra Sharma; Lawrence E. Cornett; Chandra Mohini ChaturvediThe role of arginine vasotocin in the regulation of the pituitary-adrenal axis of domestic fowl was analyzed by studying the expression of its recently cloned pituitary receptor VT2 and adrenal activity following osmotic stress. Four days of water deprivation induced an increase in plasma osmolality-a known stimulator of AVT synthesis and release from hypothalamic magnocellular neurons. Water deprivation also decreased pituitary mRNA levels for both the VT2 receptor and for pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC). Despite a decrease in the expression of VT2 mRNA, immunoreactive-VT2 receptor levels in the pituitary increased, suggesting a possible role for post-transcriptional mechanisms in the regulation of this receptor. Further, adrenal activity (as judged by adrenal weight, cholesterol content, 3β hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, cortical cord width and cortico-medullary ratio) showed stimulation in water-deprived chicken as compared to control. On the basis of present findings, it is concluded that water deprivation down regulates the mRNA expression of AVT receptor VT2 as well as POMC but stimulates adrenal function. It is also suggested that in addition to the release of magnocellular AVT into the neurohypophysis to act as antidiuretic hormone following water deprivation, AVT may also modulate HPA axis to cope with the osmotic stress. © 2008 Elsevier Inc.PublicationLetter In favor of axillary lymph node dissection: The need for a pragmatic view(2009) Durgatosh Pandey[No abstract available]PublicationArticle Sr'Nd isotope geochemistry of the early Precambrian sub-alkaline mafic igneous rocks from the southern Bastar craton, Central India(Springer Wien, 2009) Rajesh K. Srivastava; Rob M. Ellam; Gulab C. GautamSr-Nd isotope data are reported for the early Precambrian sub-alkaline mafic igneous rocks of the southern Bastar craton, central India. These mafic rocks are mostly dykes but there are a few volcanic exposures. Field relationships together with the petrological and geochemical characteristics of these mafic dykes divide them into two groups; Meso-Neoarchaean sub-alkaline mafic dykes (BD1) and Paleoproterozoic (1.88 Ga) sub-alkaline mafic dykes (BD2). The mafic volcanics are Neoarchaean in age and have very close geochemical relationships with the BD1 type. The two groups have distinctly different concentrations of high-field strength (HFSE) and rare earth elements (REE). The BD2 dykes have higher concentrations of HFSE and REE than the BD1 dykes and associated volcanics and both groups have very distinctive petrogenetic histories. These rocks display a limited range of initial 143Nd/144Nd but a wide range of apparent initial 87Sr/86Sr. Initial 143Nd/ 144Nd values in the BD1 dykes and associated volcanics vary between 0.509149 and 0.509466 and in the BD2 dykes the variation is between 0.510303 and 0.510511. All samples have positive εNd values; the BD1 dykes and associated volcanics have εNd values between +0.3 and +6.5 and the BD2 dykes between +1.9 to +6.0. Trace element and Nd isotope data do not suggest severe crustal contamination during the emplacement of the studied rocks. The positive εNd values suggest their derivation from a depleted mantle source. Overlapping positive εNd values suggest that a similar mantle source tapped by variable melt fractions at different times was responsible for the genesis of BD1 (and associated volcanics) and BD2 mafic dykes. The Rb-Sr system is susceptible to alteration and resetting during post-magmatic alteration and metamorphism. Many of the samples studied have anomalous apparent initial 87Sr/86Sr suggesting post-magmatic changes of the Rb-Sr system which severely restricts the use of Rb-Sr for petrogenetic interpretation. © Springer-Verlag 2009.PublicationArticle Dermatomyositis presenting with rhabdomyolysis and acute renal failure; An uncommon manifestation(2009) Deepika Joshi; Niraj Kumar; Anand RaiRhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria are a rare complication of dermatomyositis. Such patient can land up in acute renal failure. Recognition of this fact has important therapeutic implications as patients require immunotherapy in addition to the symptomatic treatment for renal failure. We report a case of dermatomyositis with evidence of rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria presenting with acute renal failure. The patient responded dramatically to corticosteroid therapy.PublicationArticle Bio-control potential in Cladosporium sp. (MCPL - 461), against a noxious weed Parthenium hysterophorus L(Triveni Enterprises, 2009) Anuj Kumar; V.C. Verma; S.K. Gond; V. Kumar; R.N. KharwarThe phenological survey of Parthenium hysterophorus L., in and around the campus of Banaras Hindu University (BHU) was done for about two years (2004-06). During Nov. 2004, a few Parthenium plants were found diseased, and symptoms were restricted to the flowers, buds, and inflorescences. The disease causes sterility and reduces seed viability, which was observed with seed germination test from infected and healthy plants. The fungal pathogen was isolated and identified as Cladosporium sp. (MCPL-461). The severity of pathogen to the reproductive organs led to serious damages of the Parthenium plants. Thus in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to determine the bio-control potential of Cladosporium sp. (MCPL 461) against Parthenium weed. A combinatorial effort of Cladosporium sp. (MCPL 461) bio-control potential was evaluated with different culture media, incubation periods and spores strength. Spore suspension of 105 to 1012 spores ml-1 were used to spray on healthy Parthenium plants, and it was found that severe infection symptoms were appeared at 1010 to 1012 spores ml-1 suspension. LD50 was found at 107 spores ml-1. To enhance the myco-herbicide activity 3% sucrose was added to the spore suspension, which further resolute the bio-control efficacy of the isolates. Only 20-30% seeds of infected plants could germinate. However the safety of non-targeted and wild plants was also tested with Lantana camera, Chromolaena odorata and found that suspension up to 1012 spores ml-1 were not sufficient for disease outbreak in them. © Triveni Enterprises, Lucknow (India).