2005
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PublicationArticle Bladder mucosal autografts for repair of vesicovaginal fistula(2005) Nachiket Vyas; Priya Ranjan Nandi; Mufti Mahmood; Vipul Tandon; Udai Shankar Dwivedi; Pratap Bahadur SinghTwenty-two women with primary and secondary (five patients) vesicovaginal fistula attending a tertiary level urological unit in India were treated by repair of the fistula using bladder mucosal autografts. The fistula was approached transabdominally or via a combined abdominal and vaginal approach (for those involving the trigone). After closure of the vaginal layer, bladder mucosa was harvested from the dome of the bladder and laid over the fistula with sutures at each corner to fix it in place. Patients were catheterised for 12-14 days. At follow up after 3 to 12 months, 20 out of 22 patients were continent, with no other symptoms. The two failures had undergone two previous repairs each. This series is the first from India, and demonstrates the efficacy of bladder mucosal autografts for managing large fistulae, those where a previous repair has failed and fistulae adjacent to the ureteric orifice without the need for uretero-neocystostomy.PublicationArticle Evaluation of nested PCR in diagnosis of typhoid fever(2005) Pradyot Prakash; Om Prakash Mishra; Alok Kumar Singh; Anil Kumar Gulati; Gopal NathIn this study, nested PCR using H1-d primers, which is specific for Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, was compared to blood culture and the single-tube Widal test. Results indicate that nested PCR can be used as a gold standard to determine the cutoff titer of the Widal test for diagnosis of typhoid fever.PublicationArticle Optical properties of Dy3+ doped in oxyfluoroborate glass(2005) K.K. Mahato; Anita Rai; S.B. RaiOptical absorption, fluorescence and photoacoustic spectra of Dy 3+ doped in oxyfluoroborate glass has been studied. Lifetime of 4F9/2 level has been measured for different concentration of Dy3+. Effect of concentration quenching on the lifetime and the fluorescence yield has been observed and the mechanism of energy transfer discussed. The energy transfer from Pr3+ to Dy3+ has been observed and explained in a codoped glass containing Pr3+ + Dy 3+. © 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.PublicationReview Fighting tuberculosis: An old disease new challenges(2005) Rama P. Tripathi; Neetu Tewari; Namrata Dwivedi; Vinod K. TiwariTuberculosis (TB) caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis remains a leading cause of mortality worldwide into 21st century. The mortality and spread of this disease has further been aggravated because of synergy of this disease with HIV. A number of anti-TB drugs are ineffective against this disease because of development of resistance strains. Internationally efforts are being made to develop new anti-tubercular agents. A number of drug targets from cell wall biosynthesis, nucleic acid biosynthesis, and many other biosynthetic pathways are being unraveled throughout the world and are being utilized for drug development. In this review, socioeconomic problems in developing countries, efforts to control this disease in different individuals, the targets (known already and newly discovered), existing anti-tubercular agents including natural products and lead molecules, and the future prospects to develop new anti-TB agents are described. © 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.PublicationReview Biological effects of heavy metals: An overview(Triveni Enterprises, 2005) Rajesh Kumar Sharma; Madhoolika AgrawalHeavy metals constitute a very heterogeneous group of elements widely varied in their chemical properties and biological functions. Heavy metals are kept under environmental pollutant category due to their toxic effects on plants, animals and human being. Heavy metal contamination of soil results from anthropogenic as well as natural activities. Anthropogenic activities such as mining, smelting operation and agriculture have locally increased the levels of heavy metals such as Cd, Co, Cr, Pb, As and Ni in soil up to dangerous levels. Heavy metals are persistent in nature, therefore get accumulated in soils and plants. Heavy metals interfere with physiological activities of plants such as photosynthesis, gaseous exchange and nutrient absorption, and cause reductions in plant growth, dry matter accumulation and yield. Heavy metals also interfere with the levels of antioxidants in plants, and reduce the nutritive value of the produce. Dietary intake of many heavy metals through consumption of plants has long term detrimental effects on human health.PublicationArticle Measurement of single electron event anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV(American Physical Society, 2005) S.S. Adler; S. Afanasiev; C. Aidala; N.N. Ajitanand; Y. Akiba; J. Alexander; R. Amirikas; L. Aphecetche; S.H. Aronson; R. Averbeck; T.C. Awes; R. Azmoun; V. Babintsev; A. Baldisseri; K.N. Barish; P.D. Barnes; B. Bassalleck; S. Bathe; S. Batsouli; V. Baublis; A. Bazilevsky; S. Belikov; Y. Berdnikov; S. Bhagavatula; J.G. Boissevain; H. Borel; S. Borenstein; M.L. Brooks; D.S. Brown; N. Bruner; D. Bucher; H. Buesching; V. Bumazhnov; G. Bunce; J.M. Burward-Hoy; S. Butsyk; X. Camard; J.-S. Chai; P. Chand; W.C. Chang; S. Chernichenko; C.Y. Chi; J. Chiba; M. Chiu; I.J. Choi; J. Choi; R.K. Choudhury; T. Chujo; V. Cianciolo; Y. Cobigo; B.A. Cole; P. Constantin; D. d'Enterria; G. David; H. Delagrange; A. Denisov; A. Deshpande; E.J. Desmond; A. Devismes; O. Dietzsch; O. Drapier; A. Drees; K.A. Drees; R. du Rietz; A. Durum; D. Dutta; Y.V. Efremenko; K. El Chenawi; A. Enokizono; H. En'yo; S. Esumi; L. Ewell; D.E. Fields; F. Fleuret; S.L. Fokin; B.D. Fox; Z. Fraenkel; J.E. Frantz; A. Franz; A.D. Frawley; S.-Y. Fung; S. Garpman; T.K. Ghosh; A. Glenn; G. Gogiberidze; M. Gonin; J. Gosset; Y. Goto; R. Granier de Cassagnac; N. Grau; S.V. Greene; M. Grosse Perdekamp; W. Guryn; H.-A. Gustafsson; T. Hachiya; J.S. Haggerty; H. Hamagaki; A.G. Hansen; E.P. Hartouni; M. Harvey; R. Hayano; N. Hayashi; X. He; M. Heffner; T.K. Hemmick; J.M. Heuser; M. Hibino; J.C. Hill; W. Holzmann; K. Homma; B. Hong; A. Hoover; T. Ichihara; V.V. Ikonnikov; K. Imai; D. Isenhower; M. Ishihara; M. Issah; A. Isupov; B.V. Jacak; W.Y. Jang; Y. Jeong; J. Jia; O. Jinnouchi; B.M. Johnson; S.C. Johnson; K.S. Joo; D. Jouan; S. Kametani; N. Kamihara; J.H. Kang; S.S. Kapoor; K. Katou; S. Kelly; B. Khachaturov; A. Khanzadeev; J. Kikuchi; D.H. Kim; D.J. Kim; D.W. Kim; E. Kim; G.-B. Kim; H.J. Kim; E. Kistenev; A. Kiyomichi; K. Kiyoyama; C. Klein-Boesing; H. Kobayashi; L. Kochenda; V. Kochetkov; D. Koehler; T. Kohama; M. Kopytine; D. Kotchetkov; A. Kozlov; P.J. Kroon; C.H. Kuberg; K. Kurita; Y. Kuroki; M.J. Kweon; Y. Kwon; G.S. Kyle; R. Lacey; V. Ladygin; J.G. Lajoie; A. Lebedev; S. Leckey; D.M. Lee; S. Lee; M.J. Leitch; X.H. Li; H. Lim; A. Litvinenko; M.X. Liu; Y. Liu; C.F. Maguire; Y.I. Makdisi; A. Malakhov; V.I. Manko; Y. Mao; G. Martinez; M.D. Marx; H. Masui; F. Matathias; T. Matsumoto; P.L. McGaughey; E. Melnikov; F. Messer; Y. Miake; J. Milan; T.E. Miller; A. Milov; S. Mioduszewski; R.E. Mischke; G.C. Mishra; J.T. Mitchell; A.K. Mohanty; D.P. Morrison; J.M. Moss; F. Mühlbacher; D. Mukhopadhyay; M. Muniruzzaman; J. Murata; S. Nagamiya; J.L. Nagle; T. Nakamura; B.K. Nandi; M. Nara; J. Newby; P. Nilsson; A.S. Nyanin; J. Nystrand; E. O'Brien; C.A. Ogilvie; H. Ohnishi; I.D. Ojha; K. Okada; M. Ono; V. Onuchin; A. Oskarsson; I. Otterlund; K. Oyama; K. Ozawa; D. Pal; A.P.T. Palounek; V. Pantuev; V. Papavassiliou; J. Park; A. Parmar; S.F. Pate; T. Peitzmann; J.-C. Peng; V. Peresedov; C. Pinkenburg; R.P. Pisani; F. Plasil; M.L. Purschke; A.K. Purwar; J. Rak; I. Ravinovich; K.F. Read; M. Reuter; K. Reygers; V. Riabov; Y. Riabov; G. Roche; A. Romana; M. Rosati; P. Rosnet; S.S. Ryu; M.E. Sadler; N. Saito; T. Sakaguchi; M. Sakai; S. Sakai; V. Samsonov; L. Sanfratello; R. Santo; H.D. Sato; S. Sato; S. Sawada; Y. Schutz; V. Semenov; R. Seto; M.R. Shaw; T.K. Shea; T.-A. Shibata; K. Shigaki; T. Shiina; C.L. Silva; D. Silvermyr; K.S. Sim; C.P. Singh; V. Singh; M. Sivertz; A. Soldatov; R.A. Soltz; W.E. Sondheim; S.P. Sorensen; I.V. Sourikova; F. Staley; P.W. Stankus; E. Stenlund; M. Stepanov; A. Ster; S.P. Stoll; T. Sugitate; J.P. Sullivan; E.M. Takagui; A. Taketani; M. Tamai; K.H. Tanaka; Y. Tanaka; K. Tanida; M.J. Tannenbaum; P. Tarján; J.D. Tepe; T.L. Thomas; J. Tojo; H. Torii; R.S. Towell; I. Tserruya; H. Tsuruoka; S.K. Tuli; H. Tydesjö; N. Tyurin; H.W. van Hecke; J. Velkovska; M. Velkovsky; V. Veszprémi; L. Villatte; A.A. Vinogradov; M.A. Volkov; E. Vznuzdaev; X.R. Wang; Y. Watanabe; S.N. White; F.K. Wohn; C.L. Woody; W. Xie; Y. Yang; A. Yanovich; S. Yokkaichi; G.R. Young; I.E. Yushmanov; W.A. Zajc; C. Zhang; S. Zhou; S.J. Zhou; L. ZolinThe transverse momentum dependence of the azimuthal anisotropy parameter v2, the second harmonic of the azimuthal distribution, for electrons at midrapidity (|η|<0.35) has been measured with the PHENIX detector in Au+Au collisions at sNN=200 GeV. The measurement was made with respect to the reaction plane defined at high rapidities (|η|=3.1-3.9). From the result we have measured the v2 of electrons from heavy flavor decay after subtraction of the v2 of electrons from other sources such as photon conversions and Dalitz decay from light neutral mesons. We observe a nonzero single electron v2 with a 90% confidence level in the intermediate-pT region. The precision of the present data set does not permit us to conclude definitively that heavy quarks exhibit thermalization with the transverse flow of the bulk matter. © 2005 The American Physical Society.PublicationArticle A generation mechanism for discrete very low frequency emissions observed at Varanasi(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2005) A.K. Singh; S.B. Singh; R.P. SinghA new type of discrete VLF emissions recorded at the low-latitude ground station Varanasi (geomag. lat. 14°55′ N, geomag. long. 154°E; L = 1.07) during the strong magnetic activity on 29-30 April 1990 have been reported. A generation mechanism for various temporal and spectral features of discrete VLF emissions recorded at Varanasi is presented on the basis of cyclotron resonance interaction between whistler mode wave and energetic electrons ejected by substorm electric fields. An attempt is also made to determine parallel energy and wave growth relevant to the generation process of discrete VLF emissions. Finally, our results are discussed with other published works. © Indian Academy of Sciences.PublicationArticle Coincidence electron spectroscopy of electron-impact multiple ionization of argon(American Physical Society, 2005) S. Mondal; R. ShankerMeasurements of the partial double differential ionization cross sections of argon atoms have been made by performing coincidences between recoil ions and energy- and angle-selected slow electrons produced in 12-24 keV e- -Ar collisions. Results show that the Ar3+ ions are formed mainly by a two-step-one process via electron shake-off. These measurements have enabled determination of the shake-off probability S=0.14±0.01 for L2,3 subshell, which is in good agreement with a theoretical predication. Additionally, Ar2+ and Ar+ ions are found to arise respectively from the filling of L -shell vacancy by an auger transition and from the direct ionization of M -shell of the argon atom. © 2005 The American Physical Society.PublicationArticle Color Doppler ultrasound as an objective assessment tool for chemotherapeutic response in advanced breast cancer(2005) Seema Singh; Satyajit Pradhan; Ram Chandra Shukla; Mumtaz Ahmad Anson; Anand KumarBackground: In our part of the world, the majority of the patients with breast cancer present with locally advanced disease and require neo-adjuvant chemotherapy as the primary treatment modality. It is essential to monitor the response to chemotherapy in these patients. Clinical examination as the sole criterion of response assessment is entirely subjective and fallacious. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) are expensive. The role of Doppler ultrasonography as an imaging modality for this purpose is therefore being evaluated. Methods: A prospective study was undertaken of 25 cases of locally advanced breast carcinoma (LABC) and Color Doppler sonography was used for the sequential assessment of chemotherapeutic response. The response assessed on the basis of clinical examination and Color Doppler was compared with the histological response. The parameters assessed on color Doppler were a change in the number of flow signals, maximum flow velocity (V max), pulsatility index (PI) and resistivity index (RI). Responses were analysed statistically using the Pearson correlation coefficient and Kappa statistics (κ). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive & negative predictive values for predicting complete histological response were calculated. Results: Color Doppler showed a sensitivity of 88.88% for predicting complete histological response. The negative predictive value of color Doppler was 92.3%. A significant correlation was obtained between color Doppler & histopathological response. Conclusions: Color Doppler was found to be an objective and effective tool or modality compared with clinical evaluation in sequential response assessment, especially for predicting complete histological response.PublicationArticle Development of ground vegetation under exotic tree plantations on restored coal mine spoil land in a dry tropical region of India(Triveni Enterprises, 2005) Raman Kumar Dutta; Madhoolika AgrawalRestoration of mine spoil is a prime need for coal industry. The study of ground cover vegetation provides essential information about the species diversity and their successionel trends during the restoration. The present study was conducted to analyze the structure and biomass accumulation of ground vegetation developing in different plantation stands of an opencast coal mine spoil in a dry tropical region. Different plantation stands showed variations in species diversities. Exotic herbs were more dominant in comparison to native herbs. Pennisetum pedicillatum, an exotic herb showed maximum Importance Value Index in most of the plantation stands. Total number of species varied between 12-18 in different plantation stands. Speces richness and evenness increased with increasing age of the plantations. Variations in total biomass accumulation of ground vegetation were also significant among different plantations. These results suggest that reforestation programme with exotic species on coal mine spoil has been successful in colonization of ground vegetation under different plantations. Gravellia pteridifolia plantations showed most successful ground cover among different plantation stands.