Advances in extraction technologies: Isolation and purification of bioactive compounds from biological materials

Abstract

Natural bioactive compounds (NBCs) are receiving more popularity because of their various medicinal properties and huge exploitation in various commercial sectors such as food, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries. The extraction of NBCs begins with the selection of a suitable protocol, sample preparation, and extensive literature survey. During the extraction of NBCs from biological materials, the major concern of researchers is on minimizing the interference of unwanted compounds that may coextract with the focused compounds. Numerous extraction procedures have been introduced along with existing classical extraction methodology (conventional extraction methodology), but still, scientists are in search of the development of a standard single method for extracting NBCs from biological materials. There are several critical parameters such as understanding the nature of the plant matrix and chemistry of bioactive compounds and scientific expertise that impact efficiencies of conventional and nonconventional extraction. This chapter focuses on the mechanism of different extraction techniques, extraction instrumentation, and common problems encountered and their elimination. For efficient extraction of NBCs from biological materials, there is an urgent need for advancement in selective extraction procedures, from extraction to fractionation and subsequent purification that will speed up and scale up the isolation of purified compounds from biological materials. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.