Manage the CO2eq Emission and Promote Carbon Credit Trading in Indian Agriculture

Abstract

The Kyoto Protocol considers the market mechanism to be an approach to addressing the challenge of decreasing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. According to that perspective, carbon dioxide (CO[[inf]]2[[/inf]]) emissions are viewed as a commodity and part of an emissions trading system. According to the United Nations (UN), carbon (C) offsetting is especially important in accomplishing the goal of the Paris Climate Agreement. There are currently initiatives to use a C fee or credit to lessen this issue. By purchasing C credits from C reduction projects, C offsetting enables businesses and individuals to decrease their C emissions. These efforts include the planting of more trees, stopping deforestation, funding renewable energy sources, and C capture and sequestration programs. In addition to creating a C credit, a C offset signifies a genuine decrease in atmospheric CO[[inf]]2[[/inf]]. The distinction is that a project with well-defined boundaries, a title, project documentation, and a verification strategy produces the credit. C offsets typically produce reductions outside of the company and, more significantly, outside of any legal obligations. Building wind farms, solar panel-based agriculture, assisting with truck stop electrification programs to lower exhaust emissions, and planting trees or maintaining forests are examples of such projects. Both credits and offsets reduce CO[[inf]]2[[/inf]] emissions and benefit the planet in terms of climate change because CO[[inf]]2[[/inf]] has an impact on the entire planet rather than just a specific area. This chapter is focused on the limits imposed on CO[[inf]]2[[/inf]] emissions and enforcement of C markets, which coexist with the far greater voluntary C market. The trade of GHG emissions has an opportunity to develop into the world’s biggest commodity market. © 2025 The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.