Application of GNSS in Earth System Sciences

Abstract

The global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is extensively used to study numerous geodynamic processes consisting of tectonic plate movements, seismic activities, deformations in plate boundaries, deformations by surface loads, deformations due to volcanic events, and glacial isostatic adjustments. GNSS applications also extend to study forest dynamics as it is very cost-effective, more efficient, and accurate than many other approaches. Nowadays, multi-GNSS technology accelerates the real-time applications of GNSS in multiple Earth Science disciplines to accommodate highly reliable and accurate predictions. The applicability of GNSS to various dynamics of Earth System Sciences—such as meteorological, hydrological, ecological, hazards specific, crustal displacement, oceanography, glacial deformation, and Space weather phenomena—are discussed in this chapter. © 2025 selection and editorial matter, Dileep Kumar Gupta and Abhay Kumar Singh; individual chapters, the contributors.