Microalgae: A sustainable tool for microplastic degradation

Abstract

Microplastics, pervasive pollutants in aquatic and terrestrial environments, pose significant ecological and health risks due to their persistence and accumulation in ecosystems. Conventional methods for addressing microplastic pollution, such as filtration and chemical degradation, are often energy-intensive and inefficient, underscoring the need for alternative approaches. In this context, microalgae present a promising, eco-friendly solution for the degradation and removal of microplastics. By harnessing their unique biological mechanisms such as bioaccumulation, biodegradation, and enzymatic activity. Microalgae can interact with microplastics in ways that reduce their environmental impact. Moreover, their role in bioremediation highlights the potential of microalgae to serve as a green alternative to traditional micrplastic removal methods. Understanding the specific interactions between different microalgae species and microplastics, while optimizing cultivation conditions, could pave the way for innovative biotechnological applications aimed at combating the global plastic pollution crisis. This review synthesizes current research, discusses the challenges ahead, and explores the future prospects for using microalgae in microplastic degradation strategies, contributing to the development of a more sustainable and cleaner environment. © 2025