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Mathematical modeling of emission and control of greenhouse gases
(Department of Mathematics, 2018-06-30) Mishra, A.K.
The enhanced concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the Earth’s atmosphere is significantly responsible for the menace of global warming and the associated climate changes [29]. The increment in the concentration of atmospheric CO2 is attributed to human activities such as fossil fuel burning and land use changes [29]. Deforestation accounts for nearly 90% of CO2 emissions from land use changes [28]. Forests are one of the major sinks of CO2 on the Earth. Trees during the photosynthesis process absorb CO2 from the atmosphere and stock it in the form of biomass. Every year forests absorb gigatons of carbon in this process. Clearing of forests causes increase in concentration of CO2 in two ways; firstly, it reduces the global uptake of CO2 through photosynthesis process and secondly, the carbon stored in the trees is released back to the atmosphere in the form of CO2 when the wood is burned or left to decompose after deforestation. In the last few decades, global forest biomass has declined at an alarming rate. Between 1990 to 2005, the total forest area has declined at annual rate of 0.21% and the carbon stock per hectare in forest biomass has declined at the rate 0.02% [15]. This severe destruction of forest has contributed significantly to the inexorable rise of atmospheric concentration of CO2.