Browsing by Author "Biswas S."
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Item Impact of Thirty-Four Years of Fertilization and Manuring on Soil Nutrients Availability, Yield and Quality of Crops in Indo-Gangetic Plains(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Singh P.; Biswas S.; Ghoshal N.; De N.; Singh D.Dryland rainfed agriculture needs an appropriate fertilization strategy to achieve sustainable yield with good soil health. This study was aimed at assessing the impact of long-term fertilization on soil available nutrients, its enzymatic activities, and yield and quality of crops. Depth-wise soil samples were collected from a 34-year-old long-term fertilizer experiment (LTFE) with a rainfed rice-lentil cropping system. Treatments used for comparison were: control, 100% NPK (recommended NPK), 50% NPK, 50% FYM (50% of recommended nitrogen from farmyard manure), 100% FYM, and 50% NPK + FYM. Collected samples were analyzed for the physico-chemical and biological properties of soils along with the quality and yield of crops harvested. Among the treatments, 50%NPK + FYM showed the highest activities of dehydrogenase (DHA) (72.7%), alkaline phosphatase (ALKP) (48%), arylsulphatase (ASP) (92.8%) and urease (URE) (112%) compared with the control at the surface layer. It (NPK + FYM) also enhanced soil macro- (available N, P, K and S) and micro-nutrients (available Zn, Cu, Fe, Mn and B). The use of FYM either alone or in combination with inorganic fertilizer, had significant impacts on uptake of macro- and micro-nutrients by grains and straw of rice. Conjoint use of FYM and inorganic fertilizer also improved grain yield of rice (2038�kg ha-1) and lentil (965�kg ha-1), values of sustainable yield index (SYI), and quality of rice in terms of enrichment of N, P and K (1.34%, 0.37% and 0.24%) in grains. Results also revealed an improved agronomic efficiency (AE) and apparent recovery efficiency (ARE) of N (38.8%), P (33.7%) and K (91.4%) with FYM. With the exception of control, there was a positive apparent N and P balance shown in all the treatments, whereas negative apparent K balance in all except the FYM-treated plots. Application of NPK with FYM improves soil physico-chemical and biological properties, crop productivity and also its quality. It also ensures a steady supply of N, P and K to crops enhancing their use efficiencies. A balanced and conjoint application of inorganic fertilizer and FYM to rainfed rice-lentil cropping system is recommended for upkeeping soil health, improving crop productivity and its quality under Indo-Gangetic Plains. � The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo 2024.Item Moringa pod derived antioxidant dietary fibre as a quality enhancer in goat meat nuggets(Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Das A.; Biswas S.; Nanda P.K.; Chatterjee N.; Pal S.; Dhar P.; Verma A.K.; Bhattacharya D.; Koshy R.; Das A.K.This study evaluated the quality traits and oxidative storage stability of meat nuggets enriched with immature moringa pod powder (MPP) at 1.5% and 3.0% levels in comparison to control samples over a 12 day storage period under refrigerated conditions. MPP is a rich source of protein (18.96%), ash (7.42%), dietary fiber (DF, 43.64%), and a notable concentration of total phenolics (TP, 9.20 mg GAE g?1). The MPP analyzed by GC-MS showed the presence of different phenolic acids, such as cinnamic, benzoic, phthalic, vanillic, p-coumaric, ferulic, and caffeic acids and catechin, with concentrations ranging from 1.031 ppm to 2.949 ppm. Incorporating MPP as a source of DF had a negligible impact (p > 0.05) on the pH levels of both the emulsion and meat nuggets. However, it notably improved the emulsion stability, cooking yield, ash content, DF content, and TP content of the nuggets. Immature MPP at the 3% level significantly (p < 0.05) influenced the lightness and redness of the nuggets. Moreover, the MPP in meat formulations demonstrated a significant (p < 0.05) ability to inhibit lipid oxidation and had no adverse effect on the sensory attributes of meat nuggets. This finding highlights the potential of MPP to enhance oxidative stability during refrigerated storage for up to 12 days. This study suggests that immature moringa pods can serve as a natural functional ingredient by improving the nutritional quality and functionality of meat products while extending their shelf life through their antioxidative properties. � 2024 RSCItem Projected impact of fast-tracking of antiretroviral treatment coverage on vertical transmission of HIV in India(Public Library of Science, 2024) Kumar P.; Das C.; Biswas S.; Priyam N.; Kharayat L.S.; Sahu D.; Rai S.K.; Godbole S.V.; Arumugam E.; Lakshmi P.V.M.; Dutta S.; Devi H.S.; Pandey A.; Reddy D.C.S.; Mehendale S.; Rajan S.One of the five high-level goals under Phase V of the National AIDS and STD Control Programme (NACP) of the Government of India is the elimination of vertical transmission of HIV. In this paper, we estimate the potential impact of maintaining and enhancing the antiretroviral treatment under the NACP in terms of averting new infections and vertical transmission rates vis-�-vis no intervention scenario. We used India�s HIV Estimates 2022 models to create treatment coverage scenarios of no interventions, status quo, business as usual, on-track and fast-track scenarios from 2023 to 2030. Our analysis indicates that fast-tracking scale-up of treatment services would avert almost 41000 child infections from 2023 to 2030 leading to a vertical transmission rate of around 7.70% in 2030 vis-a-vis no interventions scenario. Higher and sustained ART coverage would not only take the country closer to the elimination goals but would also prevent thousands of vertical transmissions, thus bringing a lot of benefits to HIV-positive pregnant women and their families. Supported by efforts for the prevention of new infections in the general population, India is on track for the attainment of elimination of vertical transmission of HIV by 2030. � 2024 Kumar et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.Item Raman Spectroscopy-Based Chemometrics for Pesticide Residue Detection: Current Approaches and Future Challenges(American Chemical Society, 2024) Sharma S.; Kola�inac S.; Jiang X.; Gao J.; Kumari D.; Biswas S.; Sur U.K.; Daji?-Stevanovi? Z.; Rao Q.; Raha P.; Mukherjee S.Inappropriate pesticide usage leads to unsustainable agricultural practices and deteriorates the quality of fruits and vegetables by introducing potentially hazardous substances. Raman spectroscopy, specifically surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), offers high-sensitivity in situ monitoring of pesticide residues. This review emphasizes the importance of advanced databases and algorithms in interpreting Raman signals. Various statistical models are introduced for spectral analysis, including self-modeling curve resolution, multivariate curve resolution, and self-modeling mixture analysis. Additionally, this study provides comprehensive information on different SERS substrates and shows great potential in the determination of food pesticide residues. However, a multicomponent analysis is needed for pesticide mixtures. The overlapping of the bands needs to be considered due to the complex matrices of biological samples. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) are applied as nonlinear models when the analytes are in a multicomponent mixture. Further research is needed to establish standardized protocols for SERS-based pesticide quantitative detection, including sample preparation and data analysis. � 2024 American Chemical SocietyItem Ratanjot (Alkanna tinctoria L.) Root Extract, Rich in Antioxidants, Exhibits Strong Antimicrobial Activity against Foodborne Pathogens and Is a Potential Food Preservative(Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Das A.; Biswas S.; Satyaprakash K.; Bhattacharya D.; Nanda P.K.; Patra G.; Moirangthem S.; Nath S.; Dhar P.; Verma A.K.; Biswas O.; Tardi N.I.; Bhunia A.K.; Das A.K.Natural and sustainable plant-based antioxidants and antimicrobials are highly desirable for improving food quality and safety. The present investigation assessed the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of active components from Alkanna tinctoria L. (herb) roots, also known as Ratanjot root. Two methods were used to extract active components: microwave-assisted hot water (MAHW) and ethanolic extraction. MAHW extract yielded 6.29%, while the ethanol extract yielded 18.27%, suggesting superior Ratanjot root extract powder (RRP) solubility in ethanol over water. The ethanol extract showed significantly higher antioxidant activity than the MAHW extract. Gas Chromatography�Mass Spectrometry analysis revealed three major phenolic compounds: butanoic acid, 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-; arnebin 7, and diisooctyl pthalate. The color attributes (L*, a*, b*, H�ab, C*ab) for the ethanolic and MAHW extracts revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) in all the above parameters for both types of extracts, except for yellowness (b*) and chroma (C*ab) values. The ethanol extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against 14 foodborne bacteria, with a significantly higher inhibitory effect against Gram-positive bacteria (Listeria monocytogenes and Staphylococcus aureus) than the Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were both 25 mg/mL for the Gram-negative bacteria, while the MIC and MBC concentrations varied for Gram-positive bacteria (0.049�0.098 mg/mL and 0.098�0.195 mg/mL) and the antimicrobial effect was bactericidal. The antimicrobial activities of RRP extract remained stable under broad temperature (37�100 �C) and pH (2�6) conditions, as well as during refrigerated storage for 30 days. Application of RRP at 1% (10 mg/g) and 2.5% (25 mg/g) levels in a cooked chicken meatball model system prevented lipid oxidation and improved sensory attributes and retarded microbial growth during refrigerated (4 �C) storage for 20 days. Furthermore, the RRP extract was non-toxic when tested with sheep erythrocytes and did not inhibit the growth of probiotics, Lacticaseibacillus casei, and Lactiplantibacillus plantarum. In conclusion, the study suggests that RRP possesses excellent antimicrobial and antioxidant activities, thus making it suitable for food preservation. � 2024 by the authors.
