Browsing by Author "Dutta, Asik"
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Publication A state of the art review in crop residue burning in India: Previous knowledge, present circumstances and future strategies(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Dutta, Asik; Patra, Abhik; Hazra, Kali K.; Nath, Chaitanya P.; Kumar, Narendra; Rakshit, AmitavaSustainable management of surplus paddy residue in the Indo-Gangetic plain is a back-breaking task for farmers due to lack of viable options. Eventually, farmers prefer to incinerate it mindlessly. Sustainable residue management is important because paddy straws are rich in nutrients and can be translated into value added products. Several important reasons like short time span for sowing wheat, limited farm mechanisation, scarce manpower and poor acceptability of paddy straw as fodder are the root causes behind this residue burning. The aim of this paper is to find the fundamental causes behind this illicit practice and mark the harmful effects of residue burning on ecosystem. This manuscript also deciphers in depth strategies, environmental laws, socio-economic policy frameworks and future thrusts which would offer multifaceted avenues for the sustainable management of crop residues. Losses of essential nutrients from the soil and in the residue, along with emission of potential greenhouse gases (GHGs) are the major repercussions of this mal-practice. Adaption and commercialisation of resource conservation technologies like conservation agriculture (CA) with low silica content in rice varieties are excellent opportunities to look after. Value addition by preparation of compost, mushroom production, biogas/oil generation, and producing energy in the power plants are new avenues to convert this waste into wealth. Respective state and central government along with different private organisations are working hand in hand to spread awareness and control stubble burning. Fostering the current technologies through policy interventions and organising training camps in the village level with monetary incentives are the important strategies to look for. � 2022 The Author(s)Publication Conventional and Zero Tillage with Residue Management in Rice�Wheat System in the Indo-Gangetic Plains: Impact on Thermal Sensitivity of Soil Organic Carbon Respiration and Enzyme Activity(MDPI, 2023) Dutta, Asik; Bhattacharyya, Ranjan; Jim�nez-Ballesta, Raimundo; Dey, Abir; Saha, Namita Das; Kumar, Sarvendra; Nath, Chaitanya Prasad; Prakash, Ved; Jatav, Surendra Singh; Patra, AbhikThe impact of global warming on soil carbon (C) mineralization from bulk and aggregated soil in conservation agriculture (CA) is noteworthy to predict the future of C cycle. Therefore, sensitivity of soil C mineralization to temperature was studied from 18 years of a CA experiment under rice�wheat cropping system in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). The experiment comprised of three tillage systems: zero tillage (ZT), conventional tillage (CT), and strip tillage (ST), each with three levels of residue management: residue removal (NR), residue burning (RB), and residue retention (R). Cumulative carbon mineralization (Ct) in the 0�5 cm soil depth was significantly higher in CT with added residues (CT-R) and ZT with added residues (ZT-R) compared with the CT without residues (CT-NR). It resulted in higher CO2 evolution in CT-R and ZT-R. The plots, having crop residue in both CT and ZT system, had higher (p < 0.05) Van�t-Hoff factor (Q10) and activation energy (Ea) than the residue burning. Notably, micro-aggregates had significantly higher Ea than bulk soil (~14%) and macro-aggregates (~40%). Aggregate-associated C content was higher in ZT compared with CT (p < 0.05). Conventional tillage with residue burning had a reduced glomalin content and ?-D-glucosidase activity than that of ZT-R. The ZT-R improved the aggregate-associated C that could sustain the soil biological diversity in the long-run possibly due to higher physical, chemical, and matrix-mediated protection of SOC. Thus, it is advisable to maintain the crop residues on the soil surface in ZT condition (~CA) to cut back on valuable C from soils under IGP and similar agro-ecologies. � 2023 by the authors.Publication Ecological aspects of the soil-water-plant-atmosphere system(Elsevier, 2021) Rekwar, Ravindra Kumar; Patra, Abhik; Jatav, Hanuman Singh; Singh, Satish Kumar; Mohapatra, Kiran Kumar; Kundu, Arnab; Dutta, Asik; Trivedi, Ankita; Sharma, Laimayum Devarishi; Anjum, Mohsina; Anil, Ajin S.; Sahoo, Sanjib KumarThe soil-water-plant-atmosphere system (SWPAS) is a �physically integrated, dynamic system in which interacting processes of mass and energy are performed.� The SWPAS system is comprised of four different components with varying physical and chemical properties that ultimately poses a complex mechanism. Water stress is primarily caused due to nonuniform precipitation. The exhaustion of this reservoir by a crop requires its artificial reloading, which is the case of irrigation. Soil moisture has been shown to have major implications for carbon storage and related climatic feedbacks. Therefore, it is more important than ever to understand how the flow of water interacts with ecosystem health and the mechanisms controlling water fluxes at the land-atmosphere interface. Atmosphere acts as an upper buffer that takes up, transforms, and protects water, as a substance, in the climatic system. The soil-plant-atmosphere continuum (SPAC) is the pathway for water moving from soil through plants to the atmosphere. Movement of water occurs in response to differences in the potential energy of water. The flow path of water through SPAC is complex with a series of resistances offered by different components of the system. Different atmospheric, plant canopy, and soil factors affect the water flow through SPAC. With increasing water scarcity, improvement in crop water productivity will be vital in terms of food security for the future generation. As a result, the effect of soil-plant-atmosphere interactions on how ecosystems respond to and exert influence on, the global environment remains difficult to predict. � 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Publication Enhanced Efficiency N Fertilizers: an Effective Strategy to Improve Use Efficiency and Ecological Sustainability(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Suman, Jarupula; Rakshit, Amitava; Patra, Abhik; Dutta, Asik; Tripathi, Vinod Kumar; Mohapatra, Kiran Kumar; Tiwari, Rudramani; Krishnamoorthi, S.In the face of climate change, improving the efficacy of applied nitrogen (N) with a low environmental footprint is crucial for feeding hungry stomachs and making production systems sustainable. Across the globe and specifically in India, with the advent of the green revolution, the need for synthetic N fertilizers increased exponentially with the crop production trends. But, applying an enormous volume of N fertilizers has boundless pessimistic impacts, and cutting-edge technologies such as enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers (EENFs) are an upstanding approach. The EENFs (limited release and balanced urea-based N fertilizers) have synchronized release of N as per crop need leading to enhanced efficacy and lessening the losses in contrast to conventional urea. EENFs with substantiating enhanced efficiency is emerging as intelligent formulations compared to an appropriate reference in reducing the probable nutrient losses to the surroundings by regulating the momentum of release or soil fertilizer transformation dynamics. The augmented expenditure of more frequently used soluble N fertilizers improved crop performance; the speed of environmental impairment related to N application prompted us for EENFs. This manuscript has outlined EENFs with a particular emphasis on constituent, its classification schemes and the mode of action implicated in N release, soil factors affecting its efficient use, and delineation of the performance of EENFs on crop productivity under varied agroecosystems in greater detail. In a nutshell, it can be said that EENFs could be an effective strategy to mitigate environmental degradation while sustaining crop yield. Still, their judicious use warrants exclusion of any fertilizer mismanagement, addiction, and implementing knowledge-based N management practices. Graphical Abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] � 2023, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo.Publication Impact of long term integrated nutrient management (INM) practice on aluminium dynamics and nutritional quality of rice under acidic Inceptisol(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2022) Patra, Abhik; Sharma, V.K.; Nath, D.J.; Purakayastha, T.J.; Barman, Mandira; Kumar, Sarvendra; Chobhe, Kapil A.; Dutta, Asik; Anil, Ajin SApplications of enriched compost (ECM) with reduced doses of inorganic fertilizers over ten consecutive years reduced phytotoxic aluminium (Al) fractions, whereas, improved nutritional quality of rice in acid soil. The long-term field trial with integrated nutrient management (INM) practices was initiated in kharif�2006 at Instructional-cum-Research (ICR) farm under rice mono-cropping system. Treatments consisted of T1; absolute control, T2; 100% recommended doses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K), T3; 50% recommended doses of NP + 100% K +�biofertilizer, T4; 50% recommended doses of NP + 100% K +�ECM at 1�tonne ha?1 and T5; 25% recommended doses of NP + 100% K +�ECM at 2�tonne ha?1. Exchangeable Al (~31%) and strongly organically bound and interlayer Al (~26%) fractions decreased with an increasing dose of ECM application at all soil depths. However, weakly organically bound Al (~25%), amorphous Al (~7.3%), and free Al (~13%) significantly increased over 100% NPK. Long-term use of ECM had a significant positive impact on micronutrient content in post-harvest soil. Micronutrient accumulation (Zn, Fe, Cu, Mn and Ni) in rice increased with continuous application of manuring and fertilization, while the accumulation of Al decreased significantly. � 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Publication Iron in the soil-plant-human continuum(Elsevier, 2021) Patra, Abhik; Sharma, Vinod Kumar; Jatav, Hanuman Singh; Dutta, Asik; Rekwar, Ravindra Kumar; Chattopadhyay, Arghya; Trivedi, Ankita; Mohapatra, Kiran Kumar; Anil, Ajin S.Iron (Fe) is essential for plants and animals and it is the fourth most common element and second most common metal in the Earth�s crust. In cultivated soils, Fe is mostly present in the Fe3+ and Fe2+ forms under oxic and anoxic environments, respectively. Iron should be present in the range >10-7.7 M in soil solution with a redox potential of soil-root environments under <12 to avoid its deficiency. The accessibility of Fe to plants is influenced by soil reaction, soil organics, aeration of the soil, presence or absence of other macro- and micronutrients, etc. Iron is required for the biogenesis and functioning of chlorophyll, energy transmission, metabolism of cells, fixation of nitrogen (N), and respiration of plants. Deficiency symptoms of Fe are first seen as the yellowish color between leaf veins, especially in young leaves, which could result in the necrosis at a later stage. Available soil test methods are not very effective in assessing available Fe in soils, whereas Fe2+ content in soil is a reasonably good predictor of plant Fe status. The supply of iron sulfate to the soil proved to be successful to eradicate Fe deficiency only when used along with compost and manure. As a comparison to soil application, foliar application of Fe had a major advantage to rectify its deficiency. To increase Fe level in edible parts of crops, agricultural techniques (e.g., agronomic biofortification and genetic biofortification) seem to be economic and efficient. The path to genetic biofortification is a long-term method that needs significant energy and money, but agronomic biofortification provides a simple solution to the overwhelming Fe deficiency problem. � 2021 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Publication Long-term impact of integrated nutrient management on sustainable yield index of rice and soil quality under acidic inceptisol(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Patra, Abhik; Sharma, Vinod Kumar; Nath, Dhruba Jyoti; Dutta, Asik; Purakayastha, Tapan Jyoti; Kumar, Sarvendra; Barman, Mandira; Chobhe, Kapil Atmaram; Nath, Chaitanya Prasad; Kumawat, ChiranjeevAn in-depth knowledge on impact of integrated nutrient management (INM) practice on yield sustainability and soil quality is important to scale INM practice across regions. Therefore, field experiment was initiated in 2006, which consisted of five treatments: absolute control, 100% recommended doses of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) (RDF), 50% recommended doses of NP + 100% K +�biofertilizers, 50% recommended doses of NP + 100% K +�1�t ha?1 enriched compost (ECM) and 25% recommended doses of NP + 100% K +�2 t ha?1 ECM (25RDF + 2ECM). The use of 25RDF + 2ECM increased soil organic carbon by 32 and 24% over control and RDF, respectively, at 0�5 cm soil layer. It also increased soil microbial biomass carbon, microbial phosphorus and phenol oxidase activity by 13.7, 20.9 and 55.7% than RDF, respectively, at 0�5 cm layer. Notably, phenol oxidase activity, pH, DTPA-extractable iron, available K, mineral N and microbial biomass phosphorus came out as the key indicators of soil quality in acidic soil after 10�years. The study recommends that INM practice comprising ECM and reduced inorganic fertilizers could enhance soil quality and yield sustainability of rice in the long-run in acidic soil ecology. � 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Publication Residual Effects of Nickel and Its Interaction with Applied Zinc and NPK Improve the Growth, Yield, and Nutritional Quality of Cowpea and Urease Activity of Soil Grown in Vertisols(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Goswami, Sarbasree; Singh, Satish Kumar; Patra, Abhik; Dutta, Asik; Mohapatra, Kiran KumarSoil application of nickel (Ni) has low efficiency and expected to produce enough residual effect to cater the need of the next crop in the sequence. A pot experiment was conducted on the soil of previous season pot study, wherein Ni and zinc (Zn) were applied with recommended dose of fertilizers (RDF). This study with cowpea as test crop was conducted on residual level of Ni in soil along with the application of RDF and Zn. The result showed significant increase in plant height, greenness index, number of branches, number of pods plant?1, number of seed pod?1, stover yield, seed yield, and weight of 100 seed of cowpea. All these attributes were highest at 10�mg Ni kg?1 applied in the previous crop along with Zn at the rate of 10�mg�kg?1 in the current experiment (T10). The concentration of iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), and Zn in grain and stover significantly increased up to 10�mg�kg?1 residual Ni (T10), and beyond this, a reduction in concentration was observed. The behavior of these elements with respect to uptake in both grain and stover was similar as that of their concentration. The urease activity and available N content in post-harvest soil increased as the residual Ni content in the soil increased. � 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Sociedad Chilena de la Ciencia del Suelo.Publication Soil biochemical properties and nutritional quality of rice cultivated in acidic inceptisols using long-term organic farming practices(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Didawat, R.K.; Sharma, V.K.; Nath, D.J.; Patra, Abhik; Kumar, Sarvendra; Biswas, D.R.; Chobhe, K.A.; Bandyopadhyay, K.K.; Trivedi, Ankita; Chopra, Indu; Dutta, Asik; Mohapatra, K.K.; Anil, Ajin S.The enriched compost (ECM) comprising rock phosphate and biofertilizer consortia (BC) is a cheap source of organic input. A long-term field trial was initiated in kharif�2011 with the following treatment combinations used for rice sole-cropping: T1, absolute control; T2, 3.5 kg ha?1 biofertilizer consortia; T3, 5.0�t ha?1 compost (CM); T4, 5.0�t ha?1 CM + 3.5 kg ha?1 BC; T5, 2.5�t ha?1 ECM; T6, 5.0�t ha?1 ECM; and T7, 0.5�t ha?1 Azolla + 3.5 kg ha?1 BC. Owing to the usage of ECM for nine consecutive years, the organic carbon pools and biochemical properties of the soil were enhanced, and the nutritional quality of rice was enriched. Further, the potassium permanganate oxidizable carbon, total organic carbon, and microbial biomass carbon increased by 46%, 20%, and 15%, respectively, in the surface soil with T6 relative to T3. Such finding highlights the benefit of ECM application relative to CM and BC in enhancing rice nutritional quality and soil biochemical properties. Overall, the study suggests the use of 5�t ECM ha�1 to improve the soil biochemical properties and nutritional quality of rice subjected to acidic inceptisol. � 2022 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Publication Urban Soil: A Review on Historical Perspective(Springer Nature, 2022) Dutta, Asik; Patra, Abhik; Rakshit, AmitavaBy the end of the twenty-first century, the global population is likely to touch 11 billion and the importance of soils in catering ecosystem services, particularly in densely packed areas, will likely be more felt. Soils are the cultivating ground from centuries providing food to all living entities either directly or indirectly but, urbanisation rather anthropogenic activities possess manifold dramatic influence in its properties. In 1847, Ferdinand Senft first mentioned the term �anthropogenic urban soils� in his soil science book, and from this, the concept of urban soil or anthropogenic urban soil came into existence (Lehmann and Stahr 2007). Before going deep into the historical perspectives concerning urban soils, we must first know its definition. From the start, pedologists or different schools of people have come out with different definitions of urban soil, depending on its influencing factors and taxonomical characteristics, but confusions exist up to now. With the progress of time the concept of urban soil modifies greatly with the inclusion of every regulating factors like transportation (road, railway networks), site disturbances (sealing of surfaces), constructional works (building), intensity of use (trampling, hydraulic pressure) engineering interventions (green roofing, avenue plantations) and majorly environmental changes (pollution, climatic anomalies) specifically in spatio-temporal basis. Studies on urban soil have been started long back, but most of them are just basic research and are based on an ecological point of view. The concept of urban soil was started in the 1960s by Zemlyanitskiy (1963) when he referred to highly disturbed soils of the urban areas as urban soils. Later, Bockheim (1974) described urban soil as �[s]oil material having a non-agricultural, manmade surface layer more than 50 cm thick that has been produced by mixing, filling, or by contamination of land surface in urban and suburban areas�. This concept was supported by future pedologists (Craul and Klein 1980; Craul 1992). By the end of the twentieth century, Effland and Pouyat (1997) suggested a new definition, where they explained that urban soils are relatively unaltered soils but subjected to urban environmental factors like atmospheric depositions. This concept has been immensely accepted by contemporary pedologists up to present (Lehmann and Stahr 2007; Morel et al. 2017). Lehmann and Stahr (2007) further classified anthropogenic soil into inner urban and extra-urban, depending on its administrative boundaries. According to another school of thought, the term urban soil is rather vague and used the term �anthropogenic soil� which broadened the concept of human influenced soils in lieu with the previous concept of only densely human inhabited areas only (Evans et al. 2000; Capra et al. 2015). The International Committee on Anthropogenic Soils (ICOMANTH), on different periods, introduced and modified terminologies related to anthropogenic soils. But they did not acknowledge any eroded (physical or chemical) soil to be anthropogenic soil (ICOMANTH 2011). However, as anthropogenic soils carry forward all historical information�s regarding cultural practices, artefacts and properties anthropological soils can be designated as �golden spikes� of the Anthropocene (Certini and Scalenghe 2011). The terminologies used over the years to describe anthropogenic soils are specified in Table 1.1 (Capra et al. 2015). To avoid confusion, it is worth mentioning that in this chapter, we are using urban or anthropogenic terms synonymously. � The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2022.
