BHU Institutional Repository :: Browsing by Author "Gautam, Vibhav"

Browsing by Author "Gautam, Vibhav"

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A simple TICT/ICT based molecular probe exhibiting ratiometric fluorescence Turn-On response in selective detection of Cu2+
(Elsevier B.V., 2023) Rai, Ravisen; Bhandari, Rimpi; Kaleem, Mohammed; Rai, Nilesh; Gautam, Vibhav; Misra, Arvind
The work reported herein describes photophysical behavior of a new fluorescent probe APDA. The probe exhibited sensitivity for Cu2+ ion in 80% aqueous acetonitrile medium. Probe shows dual emission due to TICT and ICT states and upon interaction with different metal ions Cu2+ induces hydrolysis of imine bond to rejuvenate aldehyde derivative with ratiometric �turn�On� fluorescence response, through ICT state while emission due to TICT state get diminished. Similarly, the synthesized model compound ADA under similar experimental condition supported hydrolysis of imine bond in the presence of copper. Jobs plot analysis, based on emission titration data suggested a 1:1 binding stoichiometry between probe APDA and Cu2+ ion. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 4.4 � 10-8 M (44 nM). The probe has been applied on test paper strip to detect Cu2+ ion with naked-eye sensitive response. Also, the cell imaging studies revealed the potential applicability of probe to detect Cu2+ ion in live cells. The mechanism of sensing was confirmed by 1H, 13C NMR, FTIR and mass spectrometry data analysis. � 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Advancement in the molecular perspective of plant-endophytic interaction to mitigate drought stress in plants
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2022) Salvi, Prafull; Mahawar, Himanshu; Agarrwal, Ruchi; Kajal; Gautam, Vibhav; Deshmukh, Rupesh
Change in global climate has started to show its effect in the form of extremes of temperatures and water scarcity which is bound to impact adversely the global food security in near future. In the current review we discuss the impact of drought on plants and highlight the ability of endophytes, microbes that inhabit the plants asymptomatically, to confer stress tolerance to their host. For this we first describe the symbiotic association between plant and the endophytes and then focus on the molecular and physiological strategies/mechanisms adopted by these endophytes to confer stress tolerance. These include root alteration, osmotic adjustment, ROS scavenging, detoxification, production of phytohormones, and promoting plant growth under adverse conditions. The review further elaborates on how omics-based techniques have advanced our understanding of molecular basis of endophyte mediated drought tolerance of host plant. Detailed analysis of whole genome sequences of endophytes followed by comparative genomics facilitates in identification of genes involved in endophyte-host interaction while functional genomics further unveils the microbial targets that can be exploited for enhancing the stress tolerance of the host. Thus, an amalgamation of endophytes with other sustainable agricultural practices seems to be an appeasing approach to produce climate-resilient crops. Copyright � 2022 Salvi, Mahawar, Agarrwal, Kajal, Gautam and Deshmukh.
Advancements and Challenges in Developing Malaria Vaccines: Targeting Multiple Stages of the Parasite Life Cycle
(American Chemical Society, 2023) Rajneesh, None; Tiwari, Rahul; Singh, Vishal K.; Kumar, Awnish; Gupta, Rohit P.; Singh, Akhilesh K.; Gautam, Vibhav; Kumar, Rajiv
Malaria, caused by Plasmodium species, remains a major global health concern, causing millions of deaths annually. While the introduction of the RTS,S vaccine has shown promise, there is a pressing need for more effective vaccines due to the emergence of drug-resistant parasites and insecticide-resistant vectors. However, the complex life cycle and genetic diversity of the parasite, technical obstacles, limited funding, and the impact of the 2019 pandemic have hindered progress in malaria vaccine development. This review focuses on advancements in malaria vaccine development, particularly the ongoing clinical trials targeting antigens from different stages of the Plasmodium life cycle. Additionally, we discuss the rationale, strategies, and challenges associated with vaccine design, aiming to enhance the immune response and protective efficacy of vaccine candidates. A cost-effective and multistage vaccine could hold the key to controlling and eradicating malaria. � 2023 American Chemical Society.
Antimicrobial Potential of Essential Oils from Aromatic Plant Ocimum sp.; A Comparative Biochemical Profiling and In-Silico Analysis
(MDPI, 2022) Salvi, Prafull; Kumar, Gulshan; Gandass, Nishu; Kajal; Verma, Ashish; Rajarammohan, Sivasubramanian; Rai, Nilesh; Gautam, Vibhav
Medicinal and aromatic plants (MAPs) are a rich source of bioactive compounds that are immensely important due to their potential use in pharmacological and agricultural applications. Here, we have evaluated the antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) from three different species of Ocimum: O. gratissimum (EO1), O. tenuiflorum (EO2), and O. sanctum (EO3). The EOs were screened for antibacterial activity against pathogenic strains of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The essential oils EO1 and EO3 showed significant growth inhibition of the tested bacteria. Likewise, all EOs exhibited antifungal potential against the broad-spectrum plant fungal pathogen Sclerotinia sclerotiorum that causes white-mould disease in plants. Moreover, the antimicrobial potential of the EOs correlates well with their antioxidant activity determined by DPPH free radical scavenging activity. The biochemical analysis of the EOs employing high-performance thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, revealed the presence of distinct phytoconstituents that might be responsible for their differential bioactivity. Furthermore, an in-silico evaluation of the candidate phytoconstituents using molecular docking analysis suggests their potential for antimicrobial applications. Altogether, our results clearly show that EO1 and EO3 possess promising antimicrobial properties, and therefore could be utilized as a potential antimicrobial agent. � 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Assessment of Biological Activities of Fungal Endophytes Derived Bioactive Compounds Isolated from Amoora rohituka
(MDPI, 2022) Verma, Ashish; Gupta, Priyamvada; Rai, Nilesh; Tiwari, Rajan Kumar; Kumar, Ajay; Salvi, Prafull; Kamble, Swapnil C.; Singh, Santosh Kumar; Gautam, Vibhav
Fungal endophytes have remarkable potential to produce bioactive compounds with numerous pharmacological significance that are used in various disease management and human welfare. In the current study, a total of eight fungal endophytes were isolated from the leaf tissue of Amoora rohituka, and out of which ethyl acetate (EA) extract of Penicillium oxalicum was found to exhibit potential antioxidant activity against DPPH, nitric oxide, superoxide anion and hydroxyl free radicals with EC50 values of 178.30 � 1.446, 75.79 � 0.692, 169.28 � 0.402 and 126.12 � 0.636 �g/mL, respectively. The significant antioxidant activity of EA extract of P. oxalicum is validated through highest phenolic and flavonoid content, and the presence of unique bioactive components observed through high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) fingerprinting. Moreover, EA extract of P. oxalicum also displayed substantial anti-proliferative activity with IC50 values of 56.81 � 0.617, 37.24 � 1.26 and 260.627 � 5.415 �g/mL against three cancer cells HuT-78, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, respectively. Furthermore, comparative HPTLC fingerprint analysis and antioxidant activity of P. oxalicum revealed that fungal endophyte P. oxalicum produces bioactive compounds in a host-dependent manner. Therefore, the present study signifies that fungal endophyte P. oxalicum associated with the leaf of A. rohituka could be a potential source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant and anticancer activity. � 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Beyond the synthetic drugs: Fungal endophytes derived bioactive compounds in the management of neurodegenerative disorders
(Bentham Science Publishers, 2023) Verma, Ashish; Rai, Nilesh; Kamble, Swapnil C.; Mishra, Pradeep; Barik, Suvakanta; Kumar, Rajiv; Singh, Santosh Kumar; Salvi, Prafull; Gautam, Vibhav
Fungal endophytes are a group of fungi that reside in plant tissues and show a symbiotic relationship with the host plants. They protect against pathogens and increase food availability without causing any harmful effects on the host plant. Fungal endophytes are known to produce a wide range of bioactive compounds with several biological activities, including neuroprotective effects. Neurodegenerative disorders lead to miscommunication between nerve cells, damage or loss in structure and function of the central nervous system (CNS) or peripheral nervous system (PNS). Reactive oxygen species, neuroinflammation, protein degradation or aggregation, familial history, mutation in mitochondrial genes, and aging contribute to neurodegenerative disorders. Plant-associated fungal endophytes produce bioactive compounds, which show anti-neuroinflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-cholinesterase activities. Several pro-inflammatory (TNF-? and NF-?B) and depressant (serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline) molecules or neuronal signaling pathways leading to neurodegenerative disorders are known to be inhibited or down-regulated by fungal endophyte-derived bioactive compounds. Therefore, bioactive compounds produced from fungal endophytes could be a promising approach to treating various health ailments. The present chapter discusses selected fungal endophyte-derived potential bioactive compounds with neuroprotective effects for managing neurodegenerative disorders. � 2023 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.
Biological potential of bioactive metabolites derived from fungal endophytes associated with medicinal plants
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Keshri, Priyanka Kumari; Rai, Nilesh; Verma, Ashish; Kamble, Swapnil C.; Barik, Suvakanta; Mishra, Pradeep; Singh, Santosh Kumar; Salvi, Prafull; Gautam, Vibhav
Endophytes are endosymbiotic fungi or bacteria that invade and colonize the plant tissue without harming their respective host. Since fungal endophytes live inside the host tissues, their effective isolation and identification is an important step. Endophytic fungi produce bioactive metabolites with unique chemical structures, which may help in improving the physiological condition of both the plants and endophytes. Endophytic fungi are a potent source of all major classes of secondary metabolites including terpenoids, non-ribosomal peptides, polyketides, and alkaloids. With the increase in the number of diseases and human health problems, an intensive search for new sources and effective metabolites is now in progress. The bioactive metabolites produced by the fungal endophytes are competent and effective against various diseases such as cancer, diabetes, infectious diseases, immunological disorders, and cardiovascular diseases. The present review summarizes the efficient approaches used for the screening of fungal endophytes, extraction, and purification of bioactive metabolites along with OMICS based study of endophytes. Along with this, the pharmaceutical importance of novel bioactive metabolites and their efficient production from fungal endophytes using various approaches like genetic engineering, use of elicitors, and precursor feeding are also discussed. � 2021, German Mycological Society and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
Bioprospecting of fungal endophytes from Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz with antioxidant and cytotoxic activity
(Public Library of Science, 2022) Rai, Nilesh; Keshri, Priyanka Kumari; Gupta, Priyamvada; Verma, Ashish; Kamble, Swapnil C.; Singh, Santosh Kumar; Gautam, Vibhav
Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz, a medicinal plant, shows numerous pharmacological properties which may be attributed to the bioactive compounds produced by O. indicum or due to associated endophytes. In the present study, leaf of O. indicum was evaluated for the presence of associated fungal endophytes, and antioxidant and cytotoxic activities of bioactive compounds produced from them. Using culture-dependent approach, eight fungal endophytes belonging to five different genera were identified. Two endophytes Daldinia eschscholtzii and Ectophoma multirostrata have been reported for the first time from the leaf of O. indicum plant. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) of ethyl acetate (EA) extract of isolated fungal endophytes showed a distinct fingerprinting profile in EA extract of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Among identified endophytes, EA extract of C. gloeosporioides showed significant antioxidant activity against DPPH free radical, superoxide anion radical, nitric oxide radical and hydroxyl radical with EC50 values of 22.24�1.302 ?g/mL, 67.46 �0.576 ?g/mL, 80.10�0.706 ?g/mL and 61.55�1.360 ?g/mL, respectively. EA extract of C. gloeosporioides exhibited potential cytotoxicity against HCT116, HeLa and HepG2 cancer cell lines with IC50 values of 76.59 ?g/mL, 176.20 ?g/mL and 1750.70 ?g/mL, respectively. A comparative HPTLC fingerprinting and the antioxidant activity of C. gloeosporioides associated with two different hosts (leaf of O. indicum and dead twigs of other plant) showed that C. gloeosporioides produces bioactive compounds in a host-dependent manner. Copyright: � 2022 Rai et al.
Conserved LBL1-ta-siRNA and miR165/166-RLD1/2 modules regulate root development in maize
(Company of Biologists Ltd, 2021) Gautam, Vibhav; Singh, Archita; Yadav, Sandeep; Singh, Sharmila; Kumar, Pramod; Das, Shabari Sarkar; Sarkar, Ananda K.
Root system architecture and anatomy of monocotyledonous maize is significantly different from dicotyledonous model Arabidopsis. The molecular role of non-coding RNA (ncRNA) is poorly understood in maize root development. Here, we address the role of LEAFBLADELESS1 (LBL1), a component of maize trans-acting short-interfering RNA (ta-siRNA), in maize root development. We report that root growth, anatomical patterning, and the number of lateral roots (LRs), monocot-specific crown roots (CRs) and seminal roots (SRs) are significantly affected in lbl1-rgd1 mutant, which is defective in production of ta-siRNA, including tasiR-ARF that targets AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ARF3) in maize. Altered accumulation and distribution of auxin, due to differential expression of auxin biosynthesis and transporter genes, created an imbalance in auxin signalling. Altered expression of microRNA165/166 (miR165/166) and its targets, ROLLED1 and ROLLED2 (RLD1/2), contributed to the changes in lbl1-rgd1 root growth and vascular patterning, as was evident by the altered root phenotype of Rld1-O semi-dominant mutant. Thus, LBL1/tasiRNA module regulates root development, possibly by affecting auxin distribution and signalling, in crosstalk with miR165/166-RLD1/2 module. We further show that ZmLBL1 and its Arabidopsis homologue AtSGS3 proteins are functionally conserved. � 2021. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd
Editorial: Investigating the impact of bioactive metabolites and extracts in human health and disease
(Frontiers Media SA, 2023) Kumar, Sanjeev; Gautam, Vibhav; Singh, Bhim Pratap; Kumar, Deepak
[No abstract available]
Epigenetic manipulation for secondary metabolite activation in endophytic fungi: current progress and future directions
(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2023) Verma, Ashish; Tiwari, Harshita; Singh, Swati; Gupta, Priyamvada; Rai, Nilesh; Kumar Singh, Santosh; Singh, Bhim Pratap; Rao, Sombir; Gautam, Vibhav
Fungal endophytes have emerged as a promising source of secondary metabolites with significant potential for various applications in the field of biomedicine. The biosynthetic gene clusters of endophytic fungi are responsible for encoding several enzymes and transcriptional factors that are involved in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. The investigation of fungal metabolic potential at genetic level faces certain challenges, including the synthesis of appropriate amounts of chemicals, and loss of the ability of fungal endophytes to produce secondary metabolites in an artificial culture medium. Therefore, there is a need to delve deeper into the field of fungal genomics and transcriptomics to explore the potential of fungal endophytes in generating secondary metabolites governed by biosynthetic gene clusters. The silent biosynthetic gene clusters can be activated by modulating the chromatin structure using chemical compounds. Epigenetic modification plays a significant role by inducing cryptic gene responsible for the production of secondary metabolites using DNA methyl transferase and histone deacetylase. CRISPR-Cas9-based genome editing emerges an effective tool to enhance the production of desired metabolites by modulating gene expression. This review primarily focuses on the significance of epigenetic elicitors and their capacity to boost the production of secondary metabolites from endophytes. This article holds the potential to rejuvenate the drug discovery pipeline by introducing new chemical compounds. � 2023 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Epinephrine facilitates the growth of T cell lymphoma by altering cell proliferation, apoptosis, and glucose metabolism
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2023) Tiwari, Rajan Kumar; Rawat, Shiv Govind; Gupta, Vishal Kumar; Jaiswara, Pradip Kumar; Sonker, Pratishtha; Kumar, Santosh; Gautam, Vibhav; Mishra, Manoj K.; Kumar, Ajay
In recent years, studies have reported the role of stress-regulatory hormones, including epinephrine, in regulating the progression of a few cancers. However, the tumor-promoting action of epinephrine is not yet investigated in T cell malignancy, a rare and complicated neoplastic disorder. More so, very little is known regarding the implication of epinephrine in the glucose metabolic rewiring in tumor cells. The present investigation showed that epinephrine enhanced the proliferation of T lymphoma cells through up- and down-regulating the expression of PCNA, cyclin D, and p53, respectively. In addition, epinephrine inhibited apoptosis in T lymphoma cells possibly by increasing the level of BCL2 (an anti-apoptotic protein) and decreasing PARP level (a pro-apoptotic protein). Intriguingly, epinephrine is reported to stimulate glycolysis in T lymphoma cells by increasing the expression of crucial glycolysis regulatory molecules, namely HKII and PKM2, in a HIF-1?-dependent manner. Moreover, augmented production of ROS has been observed in T lymphoma cells, which might be a central player in epinephrine-mediated T cell lymphoma growth. Taken together, our study demonstrates that epinephrine might have a significant role in the progression of T cell lymphoma. � 2022
Ethyl Acetate Extract of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Promotes Cytotoxicity and Apoptosis in Human Breast Cancer Cells
(American Chemical Society, 2023) Rai, Nilesh; Gupta, Priyamvada; Verma, Ashish; Tiwari, Rajan Kumar; Madhukar, Prasoon; Kamble, Swapnil C.; Kumar, Ajay; Kumar, Rajiv; Singh, Santosh Kumar; Gautam, Vibhav
Fungal endophytes are known to be a paragon for producing bioactive compounds with a variety of pharmacological importance. The current study aims to elucidate the molecular alterations induced by the bioactive compounds produced by the fungal endophyte Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in the tumor microenvironment of human breast cancer cells. GC/MS analysis of the ethyl acetate (EA) extract of C. gloeosporioides revealed the presence of bioactive compounds with anticancer activity. The EA extract of C. gloeosporioides exerted potential plasmid DNA protective activity against hydroxyl radicals of Fenton�s reagent. The cytotoxic activity further revealed that MDA-MB-231 cells exhibit more sensitivity toward the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides as compared to MCF-7 cells, whereas non-toxic to non-cancerous HEK293T cells. Furthermore, the anticancer activity demonstrated by the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides was studied by assessing nuclear morphometric analysis and induction of apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The EA extract of C. gloeosporioides causes the alteration in cellular and nuclear morphologies, chromatin condensation, long-term colony inhibition, and inhibition of cell migration and proliferation ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. The study also revealed that the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides treated cells undergoes apoptosis by increased production of reactive oxygen species and significant deficit in mitochondrial membrane potential. Our study also showed that the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides causes upregulation of pro-apoptotic (BAX, PARP, CASPASE-8, and FADD), cell cycle arrest (P21), and tumor suppressor (P53) related genes. Additionally, the downregulation of antiapoptotic genes (BCL-2 and SURVIVIN) and increased Caspase-3 activity suggest the induction of apoptosis in the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides treated MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Overall, our findings suggest that the bioactive compounds present in the EA extract of C. gloeosporioides promotes apoptosis by altering the genes related to the extrinsic as well as the intrinsic pathway. Further in vivo study in breast cancer models is required to validate the in vitro observations. � 2023 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.
Exploration of in vitro cytotoxic and in ovo antiangiogenic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Penicillium oxalicum
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Verma, Ashish; Rai, Nilesh; Gupta, Priyamvada; Singh, Swati; Tiwari, Harshita; Chauhan, Shashi Bhushan; Kailashiya, Vikas; Gautam, Vibhav
Fungal endophytes have established new paradigms in the area of biomedicine due to their ability to produce metabolites of pharmacological importance. The present study reports the in vitro cytotoxic and in ovo antiangiogenic activity of the ethyl acetate (EA) extract of Penicillium oxalicum and their chemical profiling through Gas Chromatography�Mass Spectrometry analysis. Treatment of the EA extract of P. oxalicum to the selected human breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7) leads to the reduced glucose uptake and increased nitric oxide production suggesting the cytotoxic activity of EA extract of P. oxalicum. Our results further show that�treatment of EA extract of P. oxalicum attenuates the colony number, cell migration ability and alters nuclear morphology in both the human breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, the treatment of EA extract of P. oxalicum mediates apoptosis by increasing the�expression of BAX, P21, FADD, and CASPASE-8 genes, with increased Caspase-3 activity. Additionally, in ovo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay showed that the treatment of EA extract of P. oxalicum leads to antiangiogenic activity with perturbed formation of blood vessels. Overall, our findings suggest that the EA extract of P. oxalicum show in vitro cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity against human breast cancer cell lines, and in ovo antiangiogenic activity in CAM model. � 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Fungal Endophytes: an Accessible Source of Bioactive Compounds with Potential Anticancer Activity
(Springer, 2022) Rai, Nilesh; Gupta, Priyamvada; Keshri, Priyanka Kumari; Verma, Ashish; Mishra, Pradeep; Kumar, Deepak; Kumar, Ajay; Singh, Santosh Kumar; Gautam, Vibhav
Endophytes either be bacteria, fungi, or actinomycetes colonize inside the tissue of host plants without showing any immediate negative effects on them. Among numerous natural alternative sources, fungal endophytes produce a wide range of structurally diverse bioactive metabolites including anticancer compounds. Considering the production of bioactive compounds in low quantity, genetic and physicochemical modification of the fungal endophytes is performed for the�enhanced production�of�bioactive compounds. Presently, for the treatment of cancer, chemotherapy is majorly used, but the side effects of chemotherapy are of prime concern in clinical practices. Also, the drug-resistant properties of carcinoma cells, lack of cancer cells-specific medicine, and the side effects of drugs are the biggest obstacles in cancer treatment. The interminable requirement of potential drugs has encouraged researchers to seek alternatives to find novel bioactive compounds, and fungal endophytes seem to be a probable target for the discovery of anticancer drugs. The present review focuses a comprehensive literature on the major fungal endophyte-derived bioactive compounds which are presently been used for the management of cancer, biotic factors influencing the production of bioactive compounds and about the challenges in the field of fungal endophyte research. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
Green-Based Approach to Synthesize Silver Nanoparticles Using the Fungal Endophyte Penicillium oxalicum and Their Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, and in Vitro Anticancer Potential
(American Chemical Society, 2022) Gupta, Priyamvada; Rai, Nilesh; Verma, Ashish; Saikia, Dimple; Singh, Surya Pratap; Kumar, Rajiv; Singh, Santosh Kumar; Kumar, Deepak; Gautam, Vibhav
A green-based approach for the synthesis of silver nanoparticles has gained tremendous attention in biomedical applications. Fungal endophytes have been recognized as a remarkable biological source for the synthesis of potential nanodrugs. The present study focuses on the fabrication of silver nanoparticles using the fungal endophyte Penicillium oxalicum (POAgNPs) associated with the leaf of the Amoora rohituka plant. Sharp UV-visible spectra at 420 nm appeared due to the surface plasmon resonance of POAgNPs and the reduction of silver salt. FT-IR analysis revealed the presence of functional groups of bioactive compounds of P. oxalicum responsible for the reduction of silver salt and validated the synthesis of POAgNPs. A high degree of crystallinity was revealed through XRD analysis, and microscopy-based characterizations such as AFM, TEM, and FESEM showed uniformly distributed, and spherically shaped nanoparticles. Furthermore, POAgNPs showed a potential inhibitory effect against bacterial and fungal strains of pathogenic nature. POAgNPs also exhibited potential antioxidant activity against the synthetically generated free radicals such as DPPH, superoxide, hydroxyl, and nitric oxide with EC50 values of 9.034 � 0.449, 56.378 � 1.137, 34.094 � 1.944, and 61.219 � 0.69 ?g/mL, respectively. Moreover, POAgNPs exhibited cytotoxic potential against the breast cancer cell lines, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 with IC50 values of 20.080 � 0.761 and 40.038 � 1.022 ?g/mL, respectively. POAgNPs showed anticancer potential through inhibition of wound closure and by altering the nuclear morphology of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. Further anticancer activity revealed that POAgNPs induced apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells by differential expression of genes related to apoptosis, tumor suppression, and cell cycle arrest and increased the level of Caspase-3. The novel study showed that P. oxalicum-mediated silver nanoparticles exhibit potential biological activity, which can be exploited as nanodrugs in clinical applications. � 2022 American Chemical Society.
Imperative role of sugar signaling and transport during drought stress responses in plants
(Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2021) Kaur, Harmeet; Manna, Mrinalini; Thakur, Tanika; Gautam, Vibhav; Salvi, Prafull
Cellular sugar status is essentially maintained during normal growth conditions but is impacted negatively during various environmental perturbations. Drought presents one such unfavorable environmental cue that hampers the photosynthetic fixation of carbon into sugars and affects their transport by lowering the cellular osmotic potential. The transport of cellular sugar is facilitated by a specific set of proteins known as sugar transporters. These transporter proteins are the key determinant of influx/ efflux of various sugars and their metabolite intermediates that support the plant growth and developmental process. Abiotic stress and especially drought stress-mediated injury results in reprogramming of sugar distribution across the cellular and subcellular compartments. Here, we have reviewed the imperative role of sugar accumulation, signaling, and transport under typical and atypical stressful environments. We have discussed the physiological effects of drought on sugar accumulation and transport through different transporter proteins involved in monosaccharide and disaccharide sugar transport. Further, we have illustrated sugar-mediated signaling and regulation of sugar transporter proteins along with the overall crosstalk of this signaling with the phytohormone module of abiotic stress response under osmotic stress. Overall, the present review highlights the critical role of sugar transport, distribution and signaling in plants under drought stress conditions. � 2021 Scandinavian Plant Physiology Society
Infection, immunity, and vaccine development
(Elsevier, 2022) Singh, Bhawana; Kumar, Awnish; Tiwari, Rahul; Chauhan, Shashi Bhushan; Singh, Om Prakash; Singh, Santosh K.; Gautam, Vibhav; Sundar, Shyam; Kumar, Rajiv
Vaccination has emerged as one of the cheapest and most important healthcare interventions, saving millions of lives in both developed and developing countries. Currently, the development of drug-resistant pathogen strains and the emergence of new human pathogens due to changes in climate and human behavior have challenged vaccinologists to develop novel strategies for the development of new and effective vaccines. While most classical vaccines were developed pragmatically without a precise understanding about how they elicit immune responses and provide protection, current advancements in the fields of immunology, microbiology, genetics, molecular biology, and host-pathogen interactions have opened new opportunities for modern vaccine development with greater impact. This impact must not only be directed against established and newly emerging pathogens but should also provide protection for immune-compromised and elderly individuals. In this chapter, we will discuss host immune responses against pathogens, basic concepts about vaccine immunology and how they mediate protection against infectious agents. We will not discuss vaccine development strategies in detail, but only overview the key consideration in vaccine development programs. � 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Insight of oral vaccines as an alternative approach to health and disease management: An innovative intuition and challenges
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Debnath, Nabendu; Thakur, Mony; Khushboo; Negi, Neelam P.; Gautam, Vibhav; Kumar Yadav, Ashok; Kumar, Deepak
Vaccination is the most suitable and persuasive healthcare program for the prohibition of various deadly diseases. However, the higher production cost and purification strategies are out of reach for the developing nations. In this scenario, development of edible vaccine turns out to be the most promising alternative for remodeling the pharmaceutical industry with reduced production and purification costs. Generally, oral route of vaccination is mostly preferred due to its safety, compliance, low manufacturing cost and most importantly the ability to induce immunity in both systemic and mucosal sites. Genetically modified microorganisms and plants could efficiently be used as vehicles for edible vaccines. Edible vaccines are supposed to reduce the risk associated with traditional vaccines. Currently, oral vaccines are available in the market for several viral and bacterial diseases like cholera, hepatitis B, malaria, rabies etc. Herein, the review focuses on the breakthrough events in the area of edible vaccines associated with dietary microbes and plants for better control over diseases. � 2021 Wiley Periodicals LLC
Isolation and characterization of N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamide from Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with apoptosis-inducing potential in breast cancer cells
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Rai, Nilesh; Gupta, Priyamvada; Verma, Ashish; Singh, Santosh Kumar; Gautam, Vibhav
Endophytic fungi are a well-established reservoir of bioactive compounds that are pharmaceutically valuable and therefore, contribute significantly to the biomedical field. The present study aims to identify the bioactive anticancer compound from ethyl acetate extract of fungal endophyte, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides associated with the leaf of the medicinal plant Oroxylum indicum. The fatty acid amide compound N-(2-Hydroxyethyl)hexadecanamide (Palmitoylethanolamide; PEA) was identified using antioxidant activity-guided fractionation assisted with tandem liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry, Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, time-of-flight mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance. In-Silico molecular docking analysis showed that PEA potentially docked to the active sites of apoptosis-inducing proteins including BAX, BCL-2, P21, and P53. Further validation was done using in vitro study that showed PEA inhibitsthe proliferation, alters nuclear morphology and attenuates the wound closure ability of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells.�PEA induces apoptosis via upregulating cell-cycle arrest (P21), tumor suppression (P53), pro-apoptotic (BAX, CASPASE-8, and FADD) genes, and downregulating anti-apoptotic gene BCL-2. The upregulation of the active form of Caspase-3 was also reported. This is the first-ever report for the isolation of PEA from C. gloeosporioides with anticancer activity against human breast cancer cells and therefore holds great potential for future therapeutics. � 2023 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.

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