Browsing by Author "Gautam H.K."

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    Advancing Era and Rising Concerns in Nanotechnology-Based Cancer Treatment
    (American Chemical Society, 2024) Tiwari H.; Gupta P.; Verma A.; Singh S.; Kumar R.; Gautam H.K.; Gautam V.
    Cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of mortality worldwide. The arena of cancer diagnosis and therapy has undergone a tremendous revolution since the development of nanotechnology. Due to their nanosize and biocompatibility, nanoparticles are extensively employed for gene therapy and targeted drug delivery. Nanotechnology-based approaches have also shown promising advancements in the utilization of extracellular vesicles for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Apart from this, the CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9)-based nanotherapy and the development of therapeutic nanovaccines have also demonstrated encouraging results in revolutionizing cancer treatment. Nanotechnology-based molecular imaging and contrast agents can detect cancer at very early stages, allowing for prompt treatment and better patient outcomes. Although nanoparticles offer multiple benefits for drug administration, they additionally possess certain pharmacokinetic limitations, such as body clearance, restricted tissue penetration, confrontation with biological barriers, biodistribution, and accumulation. However, improvements in nanoparticle design are intended to resolve safety issues and enhance the therapeutic effects of these particles in a variety of disease complications. While nanotechnology has demonstrated immense potential in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer, there are still several challenges to overcome, including guaranteeing the safety of nanomaterials, taking into account regulatory issues, and creating scalable and affordable solutions. Nevertheless, new developments in nanotechnology and current research hold promise for further revolutionizing cancer detection and treatment. � 2024 American Chemical Society.
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    Nanoscale Prussian Blue and Its Analogues: Design and Applications in Infection Control, Wound Healing and Beyond
    (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI), 2024) Chakraborty N.; Roy I.; Kumar P.; Singh S.; Pathak R.; Gautam V.; Gautam H.K.
    Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) have gained significant attraction in the field of nanomedicine due to their excellent biocompatibility, potential for nanoscale production, exceptional photothermal conversion ability, and multi-enzyme mimicking capabilities. PBNPs have made considerable advancements in their application to biomedical fields. This review embarks with a comprehensive understanding of the physicochemical properties and chemical profiling of PB-based nanoparticles, discussing systematic approaches to tune their dimensions, shapes, and sizes, as well as their biomedical properties. Subsequently, the use of PB-based NPs in the biomedical sector is extensively discussed and categorized based on the various features of modified PBNPs, either in combination with drugs or their analogues. Finally, the article highlights the existing challenges associated with current studies and explores the latest developments in these rapidly evolving PB-based nanoplatforms and their therapeutic potentials. Overall, this review aims to deepen the understanding of PB-based NPs and provide crucial insights into their rational design in disease treatment. � 2024 by the authors.
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    Sustainable Synthesis of Novel Green-Based Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Interventions and Environmental Remediation
    (American Chemical Society, 2024) Singh S.; Tiwari H.; Verma A.; Gupta P.; Chattopadhaya A.; Singh A.; Singh S.; Kumar B.; Mandal A.; Kumar R.; Yadav A.K.; Gautam H.K.; Gautam V.
    The advancement in nanotechnology has completely revolutionized various fields, including pharmaceutical sciences, and streamlined the potential therapeutic of many diseases that endanger human life. The synthesis of green nanoparticles by biological processes is an aspect of the newly emerging scientific field known as �green nanotechnology�. Due to their safe, eco-friendly, nontoxic nature, green synthesis tools are better suited to produce nanoparticles between 1 and 100 nm. Nanoformulation of different types of nanoparticles has been made possible by using green production techniques and commercially feasible novel precursors, such as seed extracts, algae, and fungi, that act as potent reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. In addition to this, the biofunctionalization of nanoparticles has also broadened its horizon in the field of environmental remediation and various novel therapeutic innovations including wound healing, antimicrobial, anticancer, and nano biosensing. However, the major challenge pertaining to green nanotechnology is the agglomeration of nanoparticles that may alter the surface topology, which can affect biological physiology, thereby contributing to system toxicity. Therefore, a thorough grasp of nanoparticle toxicity and biocompatibility is required to harness the applications of nanotechnology in therapeutics. � 2024 American Chemical Society
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    Unveiling the cytotoxic and anti-proliferative potential of green-synthesized silver nanoparticles mediated by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Gupta P.; Singh S.; Rai N.; Verma A.; Tiwari H.; Kamble S.C.; Gautam H.K.; Gautam V.
    Fungal endophytes are a putative source of bioactive metabolites that have found significant applications in nanomedicine due to their metabolic versatility. In the present study, an aqueous extract of the fungal endophyte, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides associated with a medicinal plant Oroxylum indicum, has been used for the fabrication of green silver nanoparticles (CgAgNPs) and further evaluated their cytotoxic and anti-proliferative activity. Bioanalytical techniques including UV-Vis spectral analysis revealed a sharp band at 435 nm and functional molecules from the aqueous extract involved in the synthesis of CgAgNPs were evidenced through FTIR. Further, the crystalline nature of CgAgNPs was determined through XRD analysis and microscopy techniques including AFM, TEM and FESEM demonstrated the spherical shape of CgAgNPs exhibiting a crystalline hexagonal lattice and the size was found to be in the range of 9-29 nm. The significant cytotoxic potential of CgAgNPs was observed against breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 with IC50 values of 18.398 � 0.376 and 38.587 � 1.828 ?g mL?1, respectively. The biochemical study revealed that the treatment of MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells with CgAgNPs reduces glucose uptake, suppresses cell proliferation, and enhances LDH release, indicating reduced cell viability and progression. Moreover, our research revealed differential expression of genes associated with apoptosis, cell cycle inhibition and metastasis suppression, evidencing anti-proliferative activity of CgAgNPs. The main objective of the present study is to harness anti-breast cancer activity of novel biogenic nanoparticles synthesized using the aqueous extract of O. indicum associated C. gloeosporioides and study the underlying mechanistic pathway exerted by these mycogenic nanoparticles. � 2024 The Royal Society of Chemistry.