Browsing by Author "Ghosh, Soumik"
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Publication Acute Cardiac Events After ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 Corona Virus Vaccine: Report of Three Cases(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2022) Singh, Rohit; Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra; Gambhir, Indrajeet Singh; Verma, Ashish; Kumar, Ishan; Ghosh, Soumik; Tiwari, Ashutosh; Chandan, Gourav; Chakrabarti, Sasanka; Kaur, Upinder[No abstract available]Publication Assessment of Lead-Lag and Spatial Changes in simulating different epochs of the Indian summer monsoon using RegCM4(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Ghosh, Soumik; Sinha, P.; Bhatla, R.; Mall, R.K.; Sarkar, AbhijitThe present study examines the efficacy of the regional climate model RegCM4 in depicting the onset, active, and break phases of the Indian summer monsoon (ISM). The model is driven by National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/NCAR Reanalysis 1 project (NNRP1) data of 28 years (1981�2008) for each monsoon separately. High-resolution gridded rainfall analysis dataset of India Meteorological Department (IMD) and the monsoon epochal report from National Climate Center (NCC) are used for verification. Besides assessment of model performance using qualitative methods, several standard statistical techniques are used to understand the capability of the model in representing monsoonal epochs. A relationship between the SST changes over the Ni�o-3.4 region and the ISM over all India and the monsoon core region (MCR) is established where a strong dependency in the rainfall variation over the MCR with the SST variation is found than all India rainfall. The performance of the model is satisfactory in portraying the spatial and temporal intraseasonal variability (ISV) of monsoon over MCR and all India regions. It is found that the model performance is higher in simulating the onset and break phases (dry days) than the active phases. The limited skill of the RegCM4 model in representing the active phase is due to the model simulated low temperature and weak pressure gradient over the MCR which prevents the convection and given rise to small and weak active phases over the region. The mechanism from the pre-onset to onset of monsoon, and the monsoon advance between the onset and the monsoon ISV is also well captured by the RegCM4. Weak tropospheric temperature gradient over the Indian subcontinent during the pre-onset period causes delay onset over the Indian subcontinent and the subsequent high tropospheric temperature gradient during the mid of June causes a faster progression of the active/break phases of monsoon. At the same time, simulation of the monsoon phase by the model is heavily regulated by the changes of SST over the Ni�o-3.4 region. The signal of ENSO variability, forces to the model through the ICBC, modulates the capability of the regional model in identifying the interannual and ISV of monsoon over the MCR region. � 2021 Elsevier B.V.Publication Changes in the mechanism of the South-Asian summer monsoon onset propagation induced by the pre-monsoon aerosol dust storm(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Ghosh, Soumik; Sarkar, Abhijit; Bhatla, R.; Mall, R.K.; Payra, Swagata; Gupta, PriyanshuA modeling effort is considered to understand the effect of dust aerosol storms in the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) onset propagation over the Indian subcontinent. The study found how the dust aerosol loading during the pre-monsoon period over the Indian subcontinent positively impacts the advancing ISM onset. The heavy loading of dust aerosol from middle east Asia to the northwest (NW) Indian region boosts the temperature gradient over the mid-troposphere. This sudden rise in the mid-tropospheric atmospheric temperature triggers the low-pressure belt over the monsoon trough. It amplifies the Elevated Heat Pump mechanism and loads enough dust for the dust storm over north India. The formation of the monsoon trough over the Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) pulls the moisture-loaded wind towards the Indian subcontinent and the IGP, followed by the onset of monsoon over Kerala within a week. Due to this storm, the intense heat gradient in the troposphere also induces the monsoon propagation and the monsoon advancement from Kerala to BoB within a short time. However, it makes up for the naturally delayed monsoon on time. Plain language summary: Study shows how the pre-monsoon dust storm modulates the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) propagation over the Indian region. The onset of the monsoon was delayed in a particular year, and the pre-monsoon dust storm over northwest India changed the regular monsoon mechanism and generated an entirely different mechanism. The elevated heat pump theory applies that pushes the monsoon advancement faster than usual. A dust storm over north India causes a sudden rise in the mid-tropospheric temperature gradient and more rapid monsoon advancement than usual. � 2023Publication Clinical and demographic profile of patients of rheumatic valvular heart disease: A cross?sectional analysis of Varanasi heart valve registry(Wolters Kluwer, 2023) Ghosh, Soumik; Prajapati, Rajpal; Kela, Dheeraj; Mumtaz, Aqdas; Shankar, O.M.Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is a preventable structural heart disease involving cardiac valves affecting the young population of productive age-group having considerable morbidity and mortality due to associated complications. Aims and Objectives: To evaluate the clinic-demographical characteristics and complications of RHD patients and thus to build up a RHD valvular registry. Materials and Methods: In this study, we enrolled 570 consecutive patients diagnosed with rheumatic valvular affection as defined by echocardiographic criteria, and studied their demographic, valvular pathology, symptomatology, prophylaxis and complication profile. Results: Female patients dominated the population in number, mitral being the most affected valve, mitral stenosis the commonest lesion. Newly diagnosed patients constituting 20% of study population. One-fourth of the patients gave a proper history of acute rheumatic fever and oral prophylaxis was noted to be more compliant than parenteral. Case proportionality ratio for atrial fibrillation was highest with severe MS with AR and for pulmonary hypertension with severe MR with or without MS. Conclusion: RHD is a preventable disease and health professionals and policy making institutions at all levels should strive in unison to mitigate its incidence, disease severity and complications. � 2023 Heart India | Published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow.Publication Factors associated with unexplained sudden deaths among adults aged 18-45 years in India � A multicentric matched case�control study(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Ponnaiah, Manickam; Bhatnagar, Tarun; Abdulkader, Rizwan Suliankachi; Elumalai, Rajalakshmi; Surya, Janani; Jeyashree, Kathiresan; Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh; Govindaraju, Ranjithkumar; Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian; Aggarwal, Hari Krishan; Balan, Suresh; Baruah, Tridip Dutta; Basu, Ayan; Bavaskar, Yogita; Bhadoria, Ajeet Singh; Bhalla, Ashish; Bhardwaj, Pankaj; Bhat, Rachana; Chakravarty, Jaya; Chandy, Gina Maryann; Gupta, Bal Kishan; Kakkar, Rakesh; Karnam, Ali Hasan Faiz; Kataria, Sushila; Khambholja, Janakkumar; Kumar, Dewesh; Kumar, Nithin; Lyngdoh, Monaliza; Meena, M. Selva; Mehta, Kedar; Sheethal, M.P.; Mukherjee, Subhasis; Mundra, Anuj; Murugan, Arun; Narayanan, Seetharaman; Nathan, Balamurugan; Ojah, Jutika; Patil, Pushpa; Pawar, Sunita; Pon Ruban, A. Charles; Vadivelu, R.; Rana, Rishabh Kumar; Boopathy, S. Nagendra; Priya, S.; Sahoo, Saroj Kumar; Shah, Arti; Shameem, Mohammad; Shanmugam, Karthikeyan; Shivnitwar, Sachin K.; Singhai, Abhishek; Srivastava, Saurabh; Sulgante, Sudheera; Talukdar, Arunansu; Verma, Alka; Vohra, Rajaat; Wani, Rabbanie Tariq; Bathula, Bhargavi; Kumari, Gayathri; Kumar, Divya Saravana; Narasimhan, Aishwariya; Krupa, N.C.; Senguttuvan, Thirumaran; Surendran, Parvathi; Tamilmani, Dharsikaa; Turuk, Alka; Kumar, Gunjan; Murkherjee, Aparna; Aggarwal, Rakesh; Murhekar, Manoj Vasant; Talukdhar, Anjan Jyoti; Das, Raj Prathim; Bhattacharyya, Pranab Jyoti; Barman, Pankaj Jyoti; Das, Partha Pratim; Lakshmi, P.V.M.; Panday, Naveen; Pannu, Ashok Kumar; Dhibar, Debaprasad; Kanauje, Pankaj Kumar; Singh, Satyajit; Siddiqui, Sabah; Borkar, Nitin Bhajandas; Adalja, Mayur; Godbole, Sandip Shah Varsha; Raj, Rikin; Shah, Nehal; Suthar, Nilay; Purohit, Hemang; Patel, Bhargav; Pathkjee, Rutika; Pandit, Niraj; Shah, Siddharth; Patel, Bhavesh; Agrawal, Anuja; Jain, Deepak; Bansal, Manish; Deswal, Vikas; Sharma, Pooja; Siraj, Farhana; Rashid, Aamir; Fazili, Anjum Bashir; Bhattacharya, Pradip Kumar; Birua, Hirendra; Prasad, Manoj Kumar; Singh, Shashi Bhushan; Ojha, Umendra Kumar; Jha, Ravi Ranjan; Manuja, L.M.; Raghavendra, S.K.; Hugar, Vijay; Radha, R.; Kesari, Pallavi; Tapse, Sunil; Avate, Ambrish; Kumar, Prasanna; Unnikrishnan, Bhaskaran; Rekha, T.; Basavaprabhu, A.; Rao, Mithun; Ravindra, Prithvishree; Rao, Chythra R.; Balakrishnan, Jayaraj Mymbilly; Palimar, Vikram; Ashwini, S.; Hiremath, Bhavana; Malapur, Rajnikanth; Joshi, Ankur; Nagar, Manoj; Keche, Atul S.; Kakrani, Arjun Lal; Kanitkar, Shubhangi; Tripathy, Srikanth; Mahajan, Savita; Shinde, Akshada; Patil, Sunil; Gaikwad, Vijay; Lokhande, Ganesh; Ganeriwal, Astha; Wasnik, Ramesh; Kalantri, Ashwini; Bhandari, Dhiraj; Salunkhe, Preetam; Raut, Abhishek; Pala, Star; Lynrah, K.G.; Lyngdoh, Nari; Thabah, Rajani; Kapoor, Manish; Barik, Sadananda; Mohanty, Chitta Ranjan; Subba, Sonu Hangma; Guru, Satyabrata; Ayyan, Manu; Kar, Sitanshu Sekhar; Maroju, Nanda Kishore; Kumar, Naveen; Mohandas, Roselin; Tamilselvan, Charulatha; Rajaram, Saranya; Kankaria, Ankita; Mirza, Moonis; Dhoat, Preeti Singh; Shergill, Jaspreet; Gupta, Manoj Kumar; Goel, Akhil Dhanesh; Rohila, Amit Kumar; Meena, Durga Shankar; Paliwal, Archana; Gahlot, Niti; Sharma, Nikita; Kumar, Harkesh; Choudhary, Dinesh; Meena, Shyam Lal; Bhambhu, Dinesh; Gupta, Jigyasa; Priya, G.; Samuel, Sonia; Bagyalakshmi, S.; Kumar T, Sathish; Mohamed, Aazmi; Kumar, G. Rathna; Rajesh, A.; Rajendran, V.; Soorya, M.; Sridevi, P.N.; Karthika, A.; Kumari, K. Santha Sheela; Kumar, K. Sathish; Gnanavel, Pavithra; Ramesh, Dasarathan; Gunasekaran, Aravind; Kaverikannan, R.; Manohar, Madhumitha; Sofia, P.; Abishek, R.; Shanmugam, Jeevithan; Kumar, Mohan; Periyasamy, Aparnavi; Kumar, Dhilipan; Selvarani, G.; Ramasamy, Thirukumaran; Suresh, N.; Alagappan, Kannan Muthuraman; Vijayageetha, Mathavasami; Ramalingam, Sudha; Velammal, Petchiappan; Subramani, Yamini; Marappa, Lakshmi; Pandurangan, Viswanathan; Muralidharan, T.R.; Rajkumar, M.; Ramasamy, Senthil Murugan; Trupti, Bodhare; Rajh, Bharath; Reddy, Duvuru Amareswar; Upadhyay, Rashmi; Srivastava, Anurag; Gupta, Rakesh; Bhattnagar, Ranjan; Chaubey, Manaswi; Ghosh, Soumik; Kumar, Nilesh; Azharuddin, Mohammad; Khan, Nafees A.; Aslam, Mohammad; Mahmood, Asad; Singh, R.K.; Yadav, Priyank; Kapoor, Aditya; Sanjeev, Om Prakash; Sundar, Shyam; Panda, Prasan Kumar; Bairwa, Mukesh; Gehlot, Mahendera Singh; Bhadoria, Pooja; Chakravorty, Arup; Chakravorty, Sarmistha; Ray, Arindam; Dhua, Aparup; Pal, Amitava; Ghosh, Priyanka; Roy, Yogiraj; Dutta, Sinjita; Basu, Subhro SamujjalBackground & objectives: In view of anecdotal reports of sudden unexplained deaths in India�s apparently healthy young adults, linking to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection or vaccination, we determined the factors associated with such deaths in individuals aged 18-45 years through a multicentric matched case�control study. Methods: This study was conducted through participation of 47 tertiary care hospitals across India. Cases were apparently healthy individuals aged 18-45 years without any known co-morbidity, who suddenly (<24 h of hospitalization or seen apparently healthy 24 h before death) died of unexplained causes during 1st October 2021-31st March 2023. Four controls were included per case matched for age, gender and neighborhood. We interviewed/perused records to collect data on COVID-19 vaccination/infection and post-COVID-19 conditions, family history of sudden death, smoking, recreational drug use, alcohol frequency and binge drinking and vigorous-intensity physical activity two days before death/interviews. We developed regression models considering COVID-19 vaccination ?42 days before outcome, any vaccine received anytime and vaccine doses to compute an adjusted matched odds ratio (aOR) with 95 per cent confidence interval (CI). Results: Seven hundred twenty nine cases and 2916 controls were included in the analysis. Receipt of at least one dose of COVID-19 vaccine lowered the odds [aOR (95% CI)] for unexplained sudden death [0.58 (0.37, 0.92)], whereas past COVID-19 hospitalization [3.8 (1.36, 10.61)], family history of sudden death [2.53 (1.52, 4.21)], binge drinking 48 h before death/interview [5.29 (2.57, 10.89)], use of recreational drug/substance [2.92 (1.1, 7.71)] and performing vigorous-intensity physical activity 48 h before death/interview [3.7 (1.36, 10.05)] were positively associated. Two doses lowered the odds of unexplained sudden death [0.51 (0.28, 0.91)], whereas single dose did not. Interpretation & conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination did not increase the risk of unexplained sudden death among young adults in India. Past COVID-19 hospitalization, family history of sudden death and certain lifestyle behaviors increased the likelihood of unexplained sudden death. � 2023 Indian Journal of Medical Research, published by Wolters Kluwer - Medknow for Director-General, Indian Council of Medical Research.Publication Projected changes in the mean and intra-seasonal variability of the�Indian summer monsoon in the RegCM CORDEX-CORE simulations under higher warming conditions(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Shahi, Namendra Kumar; Das, Sushant; Ghosh, Soumik; Maharana, Pyarimohan; Rai, ShailendraThe present study employed the latest high-resolution regional climate model (RegCM4), driven by MPI-ESM-MR boundary conditions from the CORDEX-CORE South Asia framework to investigate the possible projected changes in the mean and intra-seasonal variability of the�Indian summer monsoon (ISM) precipitation and their associated dynamics during near future (NF; 2041�2060) and far future (FF; 2080�2099) with respect to the historical period (1995�2014) under RCP8.5 scenario. Extensive evaluation analysis indicates that the RegCM4 is fairly able to simulate the spatial�temporal distribution of the observed mean and extreme precipitation, low-level jet, and intra-seasonal variability i.e. active and break composite patterns of the precipitation anomalies over India during the historical period. A substantial decline in the projected precipitation during ISM is estimated over central and northwest India in NF (about 10�30%) as well as in FF (upto 50%), which may be attributed to the weakening and northward shift of low-level winds. The occurrences as well as the intensity of the extreme precipitation events are expected to increase over India in the future. The precipitation during the projected active spells will escalate over the monsoon core region. This is supported by the decrease in sea level pressure over land, which favors the winds to transport more moisture from the adjoining seas for the formation of convective clouds, which is partly indicated through the decline in net surface longwave radiation. On the other hand, the precipitation intensity during the projected break spells is expected to further decrease in the future. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Publication Signals of northward propagating monsoon intraseasonal oscillations (MISOs) in the RegCM4.7 CORDEX-CORE simulation over South Asia domain(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2023) Ghosh, Soumik; Miller, Arthur J.; Subramaniam, Aneesh C.; Bhatla, R.; Das, SushantNorthward propagating summer monsoon intraseasonal oscillations (MISOs) in the Indian Ocean region remain poorly understood and difficult to predict. Here we examine a free-running high-resolution regional atmospheric model (RegCM4.7 with 25�km resolution), forced distantly at the boundaries by atmospheric observations (ERA-Interim, 0.75?) and forced locally by observed sea-surface temperature (SST) over the period 1979�2016, to assess its ability to reproduce key aspects of these MISOs. We find that the model MISO exhibits spatial structures and northward propagation characteristics broadly similar to observed MISO when confining the analysis to the 25�90 day period band. The MISO precipitation anomalies are then shown to be consistent with previously known observed relationships to broad-scale sea-level pressure patterns, Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) positioning, and changes in the regional Hadley Cell component. The total simulated seasonal (JJAS) rainfall anomalies over India are not significantly correlated with observations, indicating that intrinsic variations in the regional model atmosphere dominate most of the precipitation variability. However, the bandpass-filtered MISO anomalies surprisingly exhibit a significant correlation (0.61) with observations. This suggests that instabilities in the regional broad-scale atmospheric circulation, e.g., linked to the ITCZ position or strength, may be partly controlled by the large-scale atmospheric flows specified at the domain boundaries and/or that specified local SST anomalies may help to guide some fraction of the developing model MISO to follow observations. This result motivates further research on MISO initiation and development using this type of regional atmospheric model. � 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Publication Simulation of an extreme rainfall event over Mumbai using a regional climate model: a case study(Springer, 2022) Pant, Manas; Ghosh, Soumik; Verma, Shruti; Sinha, Palash; Mall, R.K.; Bhatla, R.An endeavor has been made to utilize the ICTP�s regional climate model RegCM for simulating one of the most catastrophic rainfall events recorded in the history of Mumbai, India on 26th July 2005. The recent version of the model, i.e., RegCM4.6 has been used to dynamically downscale this extreme event at 25�km horizontal resolution over the South-Asia Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiment (SA-CORDEX) domain with initial and lateral boundary conditions from ERA-Interim reanalysis (EIN15). Due to the coarse resolution of the EIN15, the rainfall pattern during the extreme rainfall event that occurred over Mumbai is fairly unviable. However, the implementation of the dynamical downscaling using RegCM4.6 successfully able to capture the extreme events. The results indicate the RegCM4.6 using mixed cumulus parameterization scheme (CPS; where the Emanuel scheme is considered over land and the Grell scheme is forced over ocean (EL_GO) capable of downscaling the heavy rainfall event with higher accuracy compared to forcing data. This highly confined event over Mumbai might be a manifestation of the low-pressure area formed over Orissa and the adjoining regions associated with mid-tropospheric cyclonic (MTC) circulation over the western coastal region. A detailed analysis suggests that the RegCM4.6 is able to reproduce the localized event satisfactorily as far as the spatial and temporal aspects are concerned. There is a significant improvement in the model simulated output closer to the observations in terms of qualitative and quantitative analysis of rainfall and large-scale fields. Furthermore, the RegCM satisfactorily simulates the features such as the convergence at the lower level accompanied with the divergence at the upper level, higher cyclonic vorticity near lower level, and presence of an enormous amount of moisture content at different pressure levels. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Austria, part of Springer Nature.Publication Spatio-temporal variability of summer monsoon surface air temperature over India and its regions using Regional Climate Model(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021) Verma, Shruti; Bhatla, Rajeev; Ghosh, Soumik; Sinha, Palash; Kumar Mall, Rajesh; Pant, ManasIn this study, a dynamically downscaled regional climate model (RegCM4.3) is used to study the Indian summer monsoon (ISM) surface air temperature over the South-Asia CORDEX domain using six convection schemes during 1986�2010. The spatial and temporal variability of mean surface air temperature has been analysed with reference to the India Meteorological Department (IMD) analysis data using various statistical scores. The sensitivity experiments in selecting the best convective parameterized schemes have been performed in simulating the surface air temperature during the summer monsoon season (June�September) over India and its five sub-regions such as Northwest India, Northcentral India, West Peninsular India, Eastern Peninsular India, and Southern Peninsular India. The model results show the tendency of overestimation of surface air temperature mainly in four cumulus parameterization schemes (CPSs) that is, Tiedtke, Emanuel, Mix98, and Mix99 of RegCM4.3 during the JJAS, where Grell and Kuo CPSs show better agreement with the IMD data. Overall, Grell CPS has a close resemblance to the observation data with a minimum root mean square error, mean absolute error, lowest mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and higher correlation coefficient. The model simulated results have also been investigated further using modified Nash Sutcliffe efficiency and modified Willmott's degree of index. These analyses confirm the potentiality of the Grell CPS followed by the Kuo CPS in simulating interannual variability of the surface air temperature over Indian and its five sub-regions. The MAPE in Grell and Kuo CPSs are 0.004 and 0.013�C during monsoon season over India, respectively. The inter-scheme difference in simulating surface air temperature is linked with the generation of low cloud convection and warming-induced atmospheric moisture advection in the schemes. Therefore, Emanuel, Tiedtke, and Mix98 CPSs have shown a persistent nature of overestimation in surface air temperature variability during JJAS. It is also inferred that after removing the systematic mean bias from the RegCM4.3 model simulated outputs; the skill of Emanuel, Mix98, and Mix99 could be useful over the Indian subcontinent except for the southern peninsular region. � 2021 Royal Meteorological SocietyPublication Will Warming Climate Affect the Characteristics of Summer Monsoon Rainfall and Associated Extremes Over the Gangetic Plains in India?(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2023) Pant, Manas; Bhatla, R.; Ghosh, Soumik; Das, Sushant; Mall, R.K.The Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP) bears great agricultural importance and contributes to a major share of national GDP of India. In present study, a location-specific comprehensive analysis of rainfall extremes over IGP, using second generation CORDEX-CORE simulations in the present and future scenarios (under high emission RCP8.5 scenario) have been performed. Here, the high-resolution CORDEX-CORE simulations with International Centre for Theoretical Physics's regional climate model (RegCM4.7) have been considered for the detailed rainfall characteristics assessment. Twelve thresholds-based climate indices have been analyzed to investigate the characteristics of rainfall extremes during three-time slices: 1986�2005 (historical), 2041�2060 (near future) and 2080�2099 (far future). The RegCM4 projections suggested a substantial decline in mean Indian Summer monsoon rainfall (ISMR) and wet days (rainfall ? 1�mm; 7%�14%) over IGP under high-emission RCP8.5 scenario. The contribution of 90th and 99th percentile days and total�rainfall on wet days, seems to be�get enhanced in future by 14%�35%, which implies the increase and intensification in rainfall extremes over IGP by the end of the 21st century. Further, the decline in ISMR and negligible changes in annual rainfall over IGP suggest the possible shift of monsoon regime during the later months of the year in warming climate. Thus, findings of present study may play a crucial role in predicting the ISMR and rainfall extremes over the IGP. Therefore, it can be useful for scientists and policymakers to plan and implement mitigation strategies. � 2023 The Authors. Earth and Space Science published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Geophysical Union.
