Browsing by Author "Gogoi M.M."

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    Bioaerosol emissions from wastewater treatment process at urban environment and potential health impacts
    (Academic Press, 2024) Vishwakarma Y.K.; Mayank; Ram K.; Gogoi M.M.; Banerjee T.; Singh R.S.
    The inlet of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contains pathogenic microorganisms which during aeration and by mechanical mixing through wind typically aerosolized microbes into ambient air. Bioaerosol emission and its characterization (bacterial and fungal) was investigated considering low-flow and high-flow inlet of wastewater treatment plant. Generation of bioaerosols was found influenced by prevailing seasons while both during summer and winter, fungal concentration (winter: 1406 � 517; summer: 1743 � 271 CFU/m3) was higher compared to bacterial concentration (winter: 1077 � 460; summer: 1415 � 588 CFU/m3). Bioaerosols produced from WWTPs were predominately in the size range of 2.1�4.7 ?m while fraction of fungal bioaerosols were also in ultra-fine range (0.65 ?m). Bioaerosols reaching to the air from WWTPs varied seasonally and was calculated by aerosolization ratio. During summer, aerosolization of the bioaerosols was nearly 6 times higher than winter. To constitute potential health effects from the exposure to these bioaerosols, biological characterization, antibiotics resistance and the health survey of the nearby area were also performed. The biological characterization of the bioaerosols samples were done through metagenomic approach using 16s and ITS metagenomic sequencing. Presence of 167 genus of bacteria and 41 genus of fungi has been found. Out of this, bacillus (73%), curtobacterium (21%), pseudomonas, Exiguo bacterium, Acinetobacter bacillaceae, Enterobacteriaceae and Prevotella were the dominant genus (top 10) of bacteria. In case of fungi, xylariales (49%), Hypocreales (19%), Coperinopsis (9%), Alternaria (8%), Fusarium (6%), Biopolaris, Epicoccum, Pleosporaceae, Cladosporium and Nectriaceae were dominant. Antibiotics like, Azithromycin and cefixime were tested on the most dominant bacillus showed resistance on higher concentration of cefixime and lower concentration of azithromycin. Population-based health survey in WWTP nearby areas (50�150 m periphery) found several types of diseases/symptoms including respiratory problem, skin rash/irritation, change in smell and taste, eye irritation within the resident population and workers. � 2024 Elsevier Ltd
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    Size-segregated bioaerosols concentration and characterization under diverse microenvironments
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2024) Vishwakarma Y.K.; Ram K.; Gogoi M.M.; Banerjee T.; Singh R.S.
    Scientific research on the concentration and size distribution of bioaerosols in diverse environmental conditions is recently being prioritized. Exposure to bioaerosols, especially through inhalation, is linked to many severe health complications. The inhalation of the bioaerosols is directly linked with the size as well as the nature of the bioaerosols. However, information related to the prevalence of bioaerosols is limited in India, constituting the basis for investigating variations in bacterial and fungal bioaerosol concentrations at various indoor sites. Several observational campaigns were initiated within diverse indoor sites, including cowshed, poultry, canteen, library, auditorium, laboratory, and hospital, using a six-stage viable impactor. Bacterial bioaerosols were more prevalent for size > 7.0�?m and between 1.1 and 2.1�?m. In contrast, fungal concentration peaked in the size range of 1.1 to 3.3�?m. At all the sites, the concentration of bacterial bioaerosols exceeded fungal bioaerosols (2 to 12 times), while such variation was exceptionally high in the poultry firm (70 times higher). No significant correlation was noted between bacterial and fungal bioaerosol concentration and environmental factors. The diversity of bacteria and fungi bioaerosols was found to be different as it varied from site to site. However, species like Acinetobacter and Bacillus sp. in bacteria and Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Cladosporium in fungi were most prevalent. Some of the bioaerosols found in these sites are pathogenic in nature and may cause severe health issues (if found in significant amount). The predominance of bioaerosols is mostly within the breathable range (< 3.3�?m) in diverse microenvironments. � The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2024.
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    Size-segregated characteristics of bioaerosols during foggy and non-foggy days of winter, meteorological implications, and health risk assessment
    (Royal Society of Chemistry, 2024) Vishwakarma Y.K.; Ram K.; Gogoi M.M.; Banerjee T.; Singh R.S.
    Fog is a common atmospheric event in northern India. Frequently, dense and prolonged fog envelops the entire Indo-Gangetic Plain (IGP), especially in the winter season. During winter, conducive atmospheric conditions also facilitate the accumulation of airborne particulates near the earth surface, significantly reducing atmospheric visibility in the presence of water vapour and gases. Besides, fog formation can also change the characteristics of the biological component of the air (bioaerosols). The Anderson six-stage bioaerosol cascade impactor was therefore used to collect bioaerosols during winter-specific foggy and non-foggy days to assess how fog formation affects the loading and characteristic of bioaerosols. It has been found that the concentration of bioaerosols increases during foggy days (2223 � 553 CFU m?3) compared to non-foggy days (days including both before and after fog; 1478 � 490 CFU m?3). Nearly, a 50% rise in the total culturable microbe concentration was noted during foggy days as compared to non-foggy days in an urban habitat over the central IGP. Approximately 46% and 55% increase in bacterial and fungal bioaerosol concentration, respectively, was found to be associated with foggy days. The size of bioaerosols also varied with the change in atmospheric conditions. During foggy days, bacterial and fungal concentration increased in the coarse size fraction (4.7-7.0 ?m) compared to fine (0.65-7.0 ?m) particles. The presence of bacteria such as Bacillus; Enterobacter; Cocci and fungi such as Aspergillus, Cladosporium and Penicillium were found during foggy days. The measured concentration of bioaerosols did not exhibit strong association with meteorological variables and other atmospheric co-pollutants. Health risk assessment of the exposure to bioaerosols revealed strong possibility to cause adverse human health effects in the exposed population. � 2024 RSC.