Browsing by Author "Gupta P."
Now showing 1 - 20 of 24
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item Advancing Era and Rising Concerns in Nanotechnology-Based Cancer Treatment(American Chemical Society, 2024) Tiwari H.; Gupta P.; Verma A.; Singh S.; Kumar R.; Gautam H.K.; Gautam V.Cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of mortality worldwide. The arena of cancer diagnosis and therapy has undergone a tremendous revolution since the development of nanotechnology. Due to their nanosize and biocompatibility, nanoparticles are extensively employed for gene therapy and targeted drug delivery. Nanotechnology-based approaches have also shown promising advancements in the utilization of extracellular vesicles for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy. Apart from this, the CRISPR/Cas9 (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats and CRISPR-associated protein 9)-based nanotherapy and the development of therapeutic nanovaccines have also demonstrated encouraging results in revolutionizing cancer treatment. Nanotechnology-based molecular imaging and contrast agents can detect cancer at very early stages, allowing for prompt treatment and better patient outcomes. Although nanoparticles offer multiple benefits for drug administration, they additionally possess certain pharmacokinetic limitations, such as body clearance, restricted tissue penetration, confrontation with biological barriers, biodistribution, and accumulation. However, improvements in nanoparticle design are intended to resolve safety issues and enhance the therapeutic effects of these particles in a variety of disease complications. While nanotechnology has demonstrated immense potential in the treatment and diagnosis of cancer, there are still several challenges to overcome, including guaranteeing the safety of nanomaterials, taking into account regulatory issues, and creating scalable and affordable solutions. Nevertheless, new developments in nanotechnology and current research hold promise for further revolutionizing cancer detection and treatment. � 2024 American Chemical Society.Item Application of deep learning models for accurate classification of fluid collections in acute necrotizing pancreatitis on computed tomography: a multicenter study(Springer, 2024) Gupta P.; Siddiqui R.; Singh S.; Pradhan N.; Shah J.; Samanta J.; Jearth V.; Singh A.; Mandavdhare H.; Sharma V.; Mukund A.; Birda C.L.; Kumar I.; Kumar N.; Patidar Y.; Agarwal A.; Yadav T.; Sureka B.; Tiwari A.; Verma A.; Kumar A.; Sinha S.K.; Dutta U.[No abstract available]Item Deciphering the landscape of triple negative breast cancer from microenvironment dynamics and molecular insights to biomarker analysis and therapeutic modalities(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Tiwari H.; Singh S.; Sharma S.; Gupta P.; Verma A.; Chattopadhaya A.; Kumar B.; Agarwal S.; Kumar R.; Gupta S.K.; Gautam V.Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) displays a notable challenge in clinical oncology due to its invasive nature which is attributed to the absence of progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2). The heterogenous tumor microenvironment (TME) of TNBC is composed of diverse constituents that intricately interact to evade immune response and facilitate cancer progression and metastasis. Based on molecular gene expression, TNBC is classified into four molecular subtypes: basal-like (BL1 and BL2), luminal androgen receptor (LAR), immunomodulatory (IM), and mesenchymal. TNBC is an aggressive histological variant with adverse prognosis and poor therapeutic response. The lack of response in most of the TNBC patients could be attributed to the heterogeneity of the disease, highlighting the need for more effective treatments and reliable prognostic biomarkers. Targeting certain signaling pathways and their components has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for improving patient outcomes. In this review, we have summarized the interactions among various components of the dynamic TME in TNBC and discussed the classification of its molecular subtypes. Moreover, the purpose of this review is to compile and provide an overview of the most recent data about recently discovered novel TNBC biomarkers and targeted therapeutics that have proven successful in treating metastatic TNBC. The emergence of novel therapeutic strategies such as chemoimmunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells-based immunotherapy, phytometabolites-mediated natural therapy, photodynamic and photothermal approaches have made a significant positive impact and have paved the way for more effective interventions. � 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Item Designer probiotics: Opening the new horizon in diagnosis and prevention of human diseases(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Debnath N.; Yadav P.; Mehta P.K.; Gupta P.; Kumar D.; Kumar A.; Gautam V.; Yadav A.K.Probiotic microorganisms have been used for therapeutic purposes for over a century, and recent advances in biotechnology and genetic engineering have opened up new possibilities for developing therapeutic approaches using indigenous probiotic microorganisms. Diseases are often related to metabolic and immunological factors, which play a critical role in their onset. With the help of advanced genetic tools, probiotics can be modified to produce or secrete important therapeutic peptides directly into mucosal sites, increasing their effectiveness. One potential approach to enhancing human health is through the use of designer probiotics, which possess immunogenic characteristics. These genetically engineered probiotics hold promise in providing novel therapeutic options. In addition to their immunogenic properties, designer probiotics can also be equipped with sensors and genetic circuits, enabling them to detect a range of diseases with remarkable precision. Such capabilities may significantly advance disease diagnosis and management. Furthermore, designer probiotics have the potential to be used in diagnostic applications, offering a less invasive and more cost-effective alternative to conventional diagnostic techniques. This review offers an overview of the different functional aspects of the designer probiotics and their effectiveness on different diseases and also, we have emphasized their limitations and future implications. A comprehensive understanding of these functional attributes may pave the way for new avenues of prevention and the development of effective therapies for a range of diseases. � 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Item Differential binding of CREB and REST/NRSF to NMDAR1 promoter is associated with the sex-selective cognitive deficit following postnatal PBDE-209 exposure in mice(Springer, 2024) Gupta P.; Gupta R.K.; Gandhi B.S.; Singh P.Neonatal exposure to decabromodiphenyl ether (PBDE-209), a widely used flame retardant, affects cognitive performances in the later stage of life in a sex-dependent manner. PBDE-209 interferes with glutamatergic signaling and N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) subunits with unresolved regulatory mechanisms. This study exposed male and female mice pups through postnatal day (PND) 3-10 to PBDE-209 (oral dose: 0, 6, or 20�mg/kg body weight). The frontal cortex and hippocampus, collected from neonate (PND 11) and young (PND 60) mice, were analyzed for cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) and RE1-silencing transcription factor/ Neuron-restrictive silencer factor (REST/NRSF) binding to NMDAR1 promoter and expression of NMDAR1 gene by electrophoretic mobility shift assay and semi-quantitative RT-PCR respectively. Behavioral changes were assessed using spontaneous alternation behavior and novel object recognition tests in young mice. In neonates, the binding of CREB was increased, while REST/NRSF was decreased significantly to their cognate NMDAR1 promoter sequences at the high dose of PBDE-209 in both the sexes. This reciprocal pattern of CREB and REST/NRSF interactions correlates with the up-regulation of NMDAR1 expression. Young males followed a similar pattern of CREB and REST/NRSF binding and NMDAR1 expression as in neonates. Surprisingly, young females did not show any alteration when compared to age-matched controls. Also, we found that only young males showed working and recognition memory deficits. These results indicate that early exposure to PBDE-209 interferes with CREB- and REST/NRSF-dependent regulation of the NMDAR1 gene in an acute setting. However, long-term effects persist only in young males that could be associated with cognitive impairment. Graphical abstract: (Figure presented.) � The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2023.Item Fidelity of WRF model in simulating heat wave events over India(Nature Research, 2024) Gupta P.; Verma S.; Mukhopadhyay P.; Bhatla R.; Payra S.The evaluation of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been performed for simulating episodic Heat Wave (HW) events of 2015 and 2016 with varied horizontal resolutions of 27�km for the�entire India (d01), 9�km for the�North West (NW (d02)) and South East (SE (d03)) domain. Study compares the maximum temperature (Tmax) simulated by WRF model, using six different combination of parameterization schemes, with observations from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) during the HW events. Among the six experiments, Exp2 (i.e., combination of WSM6 microphysics (MP) together with radiation parameterization CAM, Yonsei (PBL), NOAH land surface and Grell-3D convective schemes) is found closest to the observations in reproducing the temperature. The model exhibits an uncertainty of � 2��C in maximum temperature (Tmax) for both the regions, suggesting regional temperature is influenced by the location and complex orography. Overall, statistical results reveal that the best performance is achieved with Exp2. Further, to understand the dynamics of rising HW intensity, two case studies of HW days along with influencing parameters like Tmax, RH and prevailing wind distribution have been simulated. Model simulated Tmax during 2015 reaches up to 44��C in NW and SE part of India. In 2016, HW is more prevailing towards NW, while in SE region Tmax reaches upto 34�38��C with high RH (60�85%). The comparative research made it abundantly evident that these episodic events�are unique in terms of duration and geographical spread which can be used to assess the WRF performance for future projections of HW. � 2024, The Author(s).Item Fungal endophyte-mediated green synthesis of silver nanoparticles as potential anticancer agent: current perspective and challenges(Springer Nature, 2024) Rai N.; Gupta P.; Verma A.; Singh S.; Tiwari H.; Kumar R.; Singh S.K.; Gautam V.Endophytic microorganisms establish symbiotic relationship with their host plants and also have a unique ability to mimic bioactive metabolite produced from host plants. Bioactive compounds produced from fungal endophyte have tendency to reduce metallic ions such as silver, gold, platinum, and zinc into nanoparticles. Biosynthesis of fungal endophyte-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has evolved as a frontier of nanotechnology. For decades, silver has been observed as a nontoxic and harmless inorganic agent which is utilized as antibacterial or antifungal agent. Silver exhibits an exceptional physical, chemical, and a wide range of potential biological activities, predominantly in the form of nanoparticles. Although the effective biosynthesis of fungal endophytemediated AgNPs and their antiapoptotic and antiproliferative property have been accounted as of now, the exact mechanism of synthesis of nanoparticles remains unclear. The current chapter gives a brief outline of the possible mechanism of fungal endophyte-mediated synthesis of AgNPs and its anticancer properties. Moreover, it also provides an insight for the mycogenic synthesis and characterization of AgNPs mediated by fungal endophyte using various highthroughput techniques including UV-Visible spectrophotometer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDAX), and X-ray Powder Diffraction (XRD). Additionally, it also describes bottlenecks in the field of myconanotechnology including manufacturing at large scale, improved stability, and reduced time to acquire compatible size and shape of AgNPs and their potential uses in cancer research. � Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024. All rights reserved.Item Generic Drugs Vs Branded Drugs: Navigating Antitrust Law Issues in India(Ashdin Publishing, 2024) Mehra S.; Gupta P.; Moitra D.; Baeraiya B.; Patel R.K.; Majhi R.; SupriyaGeneric drugs vs branded drugs has been a long-standing dispute in the pharmaceutical sector. The right to health is considered a basic human right, and through various judicial pronouncements, it has been included within the purview of Article 21 of the Indian Constitution. However, the exorbitant prices of medicines and the expensive bills incurred in hospitals have created a roadblock for the common man to effectively exercise this right. In such a scenario, generic drugs play a pivotal role in protecting people from financial hardship. Generic drugs are available at a cheaper price than branded drugs. However, due to some preconceived notions among the public regarding the safety and efficacy of generic drugs, there has been a conflict in preferring generic drugs over branded drugs. In order to understand the differences between generic and branded drugs, there is a dire need to revisit the structure of the pharmaceutical sector. The monopoly in the pharma sector and the rise in medicine prices due to unfair trade practices necessitate a discussion of the provisions of competition law in light of the aforementioned issues. The objective of this research paper is to analyze the current legal framework pertaining to the pharmaceutical industry and the competition law issues involved. The paper seeks to gather data through a questionnaire to understand the preference of people for generic or branded drugs. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role played by doctors in promoting generic drugs. Lastly, the paper attempts to study the impact of increased usage of generic drugs on economic efficiency in India. � 2024 Surender Mehra, et al.Item Holling Type-II Functional Response in Aquatic Ecosystem Models Shaping Spatial Heterogeneous Distribution of Phytoplankton Data at Tokyo Bay(American Institute of Physics, 2024) Chandra R.; Gupta P.; Priyadarshi A.The grazing functional responses shaped the underlying dynamics of theoretical and experimental bio-geochemical models and assumed to be potential to control the top-down dynamics of aquatic ecosystem. In general, the basis of using the particular grazing functional response is not very conclusive except for some experimental models and hence which functional response is suitable for a particular model and in which way it is beneficial for undergoing study, are highly debatable. Conventionally, mathematical models are developed based on mean-field approach in which only first central moment-approximation is applied. Such models may be applicable for meso- or bigger scale measurements but inappropriate when measurements are performed at micro-(mm) scale. To encounter fluctuation in spatially distributed phytoplankton at micro-scale, the Reynold�s decomposition from turbulence theory, in which, each variable decomposed into mean and fluctuating parts, are applied. In this way, a new modelling called, the closure model is developed by retaining upto the second central moment-approximations in Taylor series. Based on the comparison of observed intermittent phytoplankton data and model simulation results, we hypothesize that �Holling type-II grazing functional response for higher predators in aquatic ecosystem is more suitable functional response to explain full range of coefficient of variation (CV) data at Tokyo Bay�. � 2024 American Institute of Physics Inc.. All rights reserved.Item Microscopy based methods for characterization, drug delivery, and understanding the dynamics of nanoparticles(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Gupta P.; Rai N.; Verma A.; Gautam V.Nanomedicine is an emerging field that exploits nanotechnology for the development of novel therapeutic and diagnostic modalities. Researches are been focussed in nanoimaging to develop noninvasive, highly sensitive, and reliable tools for diagnosis and visualization in nanomedical field. The application of nanomedicine in healthcare requires in-depth understanding of their structural, physical and morphological properties, internalization inside living system, biodistribution and localization, stability, mode of action and possible toxic health effects. Microscopic techniques including fluorescence-based confocal laser scanning microscopy, super-resolution fluorescence microscopy and multiphoton microscopy; optical-based Raman microscopy, photoacoustic microscopy and optical coherence tomography; photothermal microscopy; electron microscopy (transmission electron microscope and scanning electron microscope); atomic force microscopy; X-ray microscopy and, correlative multimodal imaging are recognized as an indispensable tool in material research and aided in numerous discoveries. Microscopy holds great promise in detecting the fundamental structures of nanoparticles (NPs) that determines their performance and applications. Moreover, the intricate details that allows assessment of chemical composition, surface topology and interfacial properties, molecular, microstructure, and micromechanical properties are also elucidated. With plethora of applications, microscopy-based techniques have been used to characterize novel NPs alongwith their proficient designing and adoption of safe strategies to be exploited in nanomedicine. Consequently, microscopic techniques have been extensively used in the characterization of fabricated NPs, and their biomedical application in diagnostics and therapeutics. The present review provides an overview of the microscopy-based techniques for in vitro and in vivo application in nanomedical investigation alongwith their challenges and advancement to meet the limitations of conventional methods. � 2023 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Item Microwave-assisted bio-derived bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) decorated polyaniline nanocomposite for highly sensitive electrochemical determination of endocrine disruptor bisphenol-A(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Taneja A.; Gupta P.; Thatai S.; Khurana P.; Ranjan K.R.; Singh J.; Mukherjee M.D.In the presence of polyaniline (PANI), the novel nanocomposites of PANI-BiOBr bismuth oxybromide (BiOBr) were synthesized using a microwave-assisted green synthesis method and used to detect bisphenol A (BPA). By using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electrochemical methods, the hybrid PANI-BiOBr nanocomposite was confirmed. The higher conductivity, improve active surface-to-volume ratio, and enhanced electrochemical behaviour of the PANI-BiOBr nanoplatform can be attributed to the synergistic actions of PANI and BiOBr. With a high sensitivity of 11.7 ?A (log nM)?1 cm2 and a low limit of detection of 0.19 � 10?9 ?M, the constructed PANI-BiOBr sensor exhibits a broad linear range from 0.19 � 10?9 ?M to 3.04 � 10?3 ?M. In addition, this sensor produced adequate findings with outstanding selectivity, stability, repeatability, and reproducibility. Furthermore, the developed electrochemical PANI-BiOBr nanoplatform is essential in analysing real-world materials to detect BPA. The results obtained from these real sample analyses not only confirmed the effectiveness of the PANI-BiOBr nanocomposite sensor for BPA detection but also underscored its capability to detect other compounds with estrogenic properties, beyond just BPA. � 2024 Elsevier B.V.Item Myco-nanotechnological approach to synthesize gold nanoparticles using a fungal endophyte,Penicillium oxalicum, and unravelling its antibacterial activity and anti-breast cancer role via metabolic reprogramming(2024) Gupta P.; Chattopadhaya A.; Gautam V.The present study has been designed to fabricate fungal endophyte-assisted gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) and elucidate their anti-breast cancer potential. The aqueous extract of fungal endophytePenicillium oxalicum(PO), associated with the medicinal plantAmoora rohituka, was used for the fabrication of AuNPs (POAuNPs). Physico-chemical characterization using Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, Dynamic light scattering, Zeta potential, Transmission electron microscopy and Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis revealed stable, uniform distribution, spherical shape and crystalline nature of POAuNPs with a size range of 3-46 nm. Furthermore, the POAuNPs potentially inhibited the growth of pathogenic bacterial strainsEscherichia coliandStaphylococcus aureus. The synthesized POAuNPs have shown potential antioxidant effects against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and nitric oxide (NO) radical scavenging assays with an EC50value of 8.875 � 0.082, 52.593 � 2.506 and 43.717 � 1.449 �g mL-1, respectively. Moreover, the value of EC50for the total antioxidant capacity of POAuNPs was found to be 23.667 � 1.361 �g mL-1. The cell viability of human breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7, was found to be reduced after treatment with POAuNPs, and IC50values were found to be 19.753 � 0.640 and 35.035 � 0.439 �g mL-1, respectively. Further,in vitrobiochemical assays revealed that POAuNPs induces metabolic reprogramming in terms of reduced glucose uptake, increased lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and, disruption of oxidative balance through depletion of glutathione levels, increased nitric oxide (NO) and lipid peroxidation levels as a possible pathway to suppress human breast cancer cell proliferation. Apoptosis-specific nuclear modulations induced by POAuNPs in human breast cancer cells were validated through 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) nuclear staining. The present investigation thus attempts to show the first ever fabrication of AuNPs using an aqueous extract ofP. oxalicumassociated withA. rohituka. The results revealed unique physico-chemical characteristics of mycogenic AuNPs, and screening their effect against breast cancer via metabolic reprogramming and induction of apoptosis thus adds great significance for cancer therapeutics, suggesting further exploration to develop nanotherapeutic drugs. � 2024 IOP Publishing Ltd. All rights, including for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies, are reserved.Item New ring-A modified cycloartane triterpenoids from Dysoxylum malabaricum bark: Isolation, structure elucidation and their cytotoxicity(Elsevier Inc., 2024) Bhardwaj N.; Gupta P.; Tripathi N.; Chakrabarty S.; Verma A.; Kumari S.; Gautam V.; Ravikanth G.; Jain S.K.The Genus Dysoxylum (Meliaceae) consists of approximately 80 species that are abundant in structurally diverse triterpenoids. The present study focused on isolating new triterpenoids from the bark of Dysoxylum malabaricum, one of the predominant species of Dysoxylum present in India. The methanol-dichloromethane bark extract was subjected to LCMS profiling followed by silica gel column chromatography and HPLC analysis to target new compounds. Two new ring A-modified cycloartane-type triterpenoids (1 and 2) were isolated from the bark extract. Spectroscopic methods like NMR, HRESIMS data, and electronic circular dichroism calculations elucidated the structures and absolute configurations of the isolated compounds. These compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic potential against breast cancer cells and displayed notable cytotoxicity. Compound 1 exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against the MDA-MB-231 cells and induced apoptotic cell death. Also, it was able to inhibit glucose uptake and increase nitric oxide production in breast cancer cells. � 2024 Elsevier Inc.Item Polystyrene microplastics induced disturbances in neuronal arborization and dendritic spine density in mice prefrontal cortex(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Suman A.; Mahapatra A.; Gupta P.; Ray S.S.; Singh R.K.An increasing use of plastics in daily life leads to the accumulation of microplastics (MPs) in the environment, posing a serious threat to the ecosystem, including humans. It has been reported that MPs cause neurotoxicity, but the deleterious effect of polystyrene (PS) MPs on neuronal cytoarchitectural morphology in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) region of mice brain remains to be established. In the present study, Swiss albino male mice were orally exposed to 0.1, 1, and 10 ppm PS-MPs for 28 days. After exposure, we found a significant accumulation of PS-MPs with a decreased number of Nissl bodies in the PFC region of the entire treated group compared to the control. Morphometric analysis in the PFC neurons using Golgi-Cox staining accompanied by Sholl analysis showed a significant reduction in basal dendritic length, dendritic intersections, nodes, and number of intersections at seventh branch order in PFC neurons of 1 ppm treated PS-MPs. In neurons of 0.1 ppm treated mice, we found only decrease in the number of intersections at the seventh branch order. While 10 ppm treated neurons decreased in basal dendritic length, dendritic intersections, followed by the number of intersections at the third and seventh branch order were observed. As well, spine density on the apical secondary branches along with mRNA level of BDNF was significantly reduced in all the PS-MPs treated PFC neurons, mainly at 1 ppm versus control. These results suggest that PS-MPs exposure affects overall basal neuronal arborization, with the highest levels at 1 and 10 ppm, followed by 0.1 ppm treated neurons, which may be related to the down-regulation of BDNF expression in PFC. � 2024 Elsevier LtdItem Post COVID-19 vaccination medium vessel vasculitis: a systematic review of case reports(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Sanker V.; Mylavarapu M.; Gupta P.; Syed N.; Shah M.; Dondapati V.V.K.Purpose: Vaccinations are essential in minimizing the effects of global health crises including COVID-19 pandemic. This study investigates the potential association between COVID-19 vaccination and the occurrence of medium vessel vasculitis. Methods: Several databases were utilized to conduct a comprehensive literature review. The�studies were�carefully�evaluated�to�ensure�their�quality and eliminate any�potential�bias. Results: After reviewing 935 search results and removing duplicates, we selected 10 case reports. We discovered that medium vessel vasculitis may occur after COVID-19 vaccination, typically appearing around 16.2 days after vaccination. The patients in the study had a median age of 43.5 years and were predominantly males (80%). Additionally, half of the cases were reported after the second dose of vaccination. Conclusions: Vaccination-associated vasculitis is a rare yet possible complication of COVID-19 vaccination and lacks a clear treatment protocol. � The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany 2024.Item Prevalence of most caries-susceptible area on individual primary tooth surface: an observational study(MRE Press, 2024) Srivastava V.K.; Badnaware S.; Kumar A.; Khairnar M.; Chandel M.; Bhati V.; Gupta P.; Sonal S.; Ramasamy S.Due to multifactorial aetiology, tooth surfaces of primary dentition are more prone to dental caries and follow the specific pattern of dental caries which is difficult to control. The proper knowledge of caries-susceptible areas on individual primary teeth surfaces guides the clinician to take early preventive measures to stop the progression of dental caries. This study aims to find the prevalence of caries-susceptible areas on primary teeth surfaces in preschool children and the most commonly affected primary teeth. The study design adopted was a cross-sectional study. A total number of 3720 teeth of 186 preschool children were examined for initial pinpoint caries lesions using World Health Organization (WHO) caries detection criteria. 33 caries-susceptible areas were examined on individual primary tooth surfaces of preschool children who visited the Faculty of Dental Sciences. Each tooth surface was recorded separately and no radiographic examination was done. Obtained data was analysed keeping the level of significance at 5%. The overall prevalence of caries-susceptible area was found significantly higher in the maxillary teeth (Maxillary teeth: 41.7% vs. Mandible teeth: 30.7%; p <0.001) and anterior teeth (Anterior teeth: 43.7% vs. Posterior teeth: 28.4%; p < 0.001). The prevalence of caries-susceptible area on primary teeth on the right side when compared to left counterparts was similar (Right side-38.6% and left side-38.4%; p = 0.931). Area 2 was the most prevalent area on primary teeth surfaces and primary canine was more prevalent in caries-susceptible areas. � 2024 The Author(s). Published by MRE Press.Item Restoration of Complicated Crown-Root Fracture in a Primary Incisor with Fragment Reattachment(American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry, 2024) Gupta P.; Srivastava V.K.; Badnaware S.In traumatic dental injuries in children, due to a lack of maturity to cope with the situation, pain intolerance, amount of treatment procedure, and parental anxiety, simplified and non-invasive treatment procedures, such as biologic restorations, are useful. Using advanced adhesive material for fragment reattachment provides excellent esthetic results and a positive attitude from the patient and family. The purpose of this case report is to describe the biological restoration of a complicated crown-root fracture of a primary maxillary central incisor with the fragment reattachment technique. � 2024 American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry. All rights reserved.Item Sorption of PFOS onto polystyrene microplastics potentiates synergistic toxic effects during zebrafish embryogenesis and neurodevelopment(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Gupta P.; Mahapatra A.; Manna B.; Suman A.; Ray S.S.; Singhal N.; Singh R.K.Microplastics (MPs) have become an emerging anthropogenic pollutant, and their ability to sorb contaminants potentially enhances the threats to the ecosystem. Only a few studies are available to understand the combined effects of microplastics and other pollutants. The present study investigated the sorption of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) onto polystyrene microplastics (PS-MPs) at varying concentrations, using molecular dynamics simulation (MDS) to preliminarily explore the adsorption behavior. The MDS results revealed negative interaction energies between PFOS and PS-MPs, underscoring PS-MPs' role as a potential adsorbent for PFOS in an aqueous solution. Thereafter, zebrafish embryos were employed to explore the toxic effects of combined exposure to PS-MPs and PFOS. Fluorescence and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) suggested PS-MP accumulation individually and in combination with PFOS on the embryonic chorion membrane. As a result, the exposed group showed increased inner pore size of the chorionic membrane and accelerated heartbeat, indicating hypoxic conditions and hindered gaseous exchange. PS-MPs aggravated the toxicity of PFOS during larval development manifested by delayed hatching rate, increased mortality, and malformation rate. Additionally, increased ROS accumulation and altered antioxidant enzymatic status were observed in all the exposed groups suggesting perturbation of the redox state. Additionally, co-exposure of zebrafish larvae to PS-MPs and PFOS resulted in an abrupt behavioral response, which decreased AChE activity and altered neurotransmitter levels. Taken together, our results emphasize that PS-MPs can act as a potential vector for PFOS, exerting synergistic toxic effects in the aquatic environment, and hence their health risks cannot be ignored. � 2024 Elsevier LtdItem Study of Natural Disaster in Manali Valley (Himachal Pradesh), India on 09 July 2023(India Meteorological Department, 2024) Shekhar M.S.; Gupta P.; Sharma V.; Nag K.; Paul S.; Saklani D.R.; Venkatramanan V.; Singh G.P.; Singh A.Continuous heavy rainfall in July 2023, particularly from the 7th to the 10th, led to devastating flash floods, cloudbursts and landslides in Himachal Pradesh, causing extensive damage to infrastructure and properties and loss of lives. The most severely affected districts were Kullu, Mandi, Sirmaur, Shimla, Solan and nearby areas. The Manali sub-division, located in Himachal Pradesh, spans an altitude range of 1074 to 4017 meters above sea level. The region's climate is shaped by its mountainous terrain, with the Beas Valley's weather influenced by factors like relief, aspect and altitude. The Pir Panjal Range's windward slopes create a barrier to monsoon winds, resulting in heavy rainfall and cloudbursts in the area. The report from the India Meteorological Department (IMD) in Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, on July 12, 2023, highlighted the active monsoon conditions in the state from 7-10 July, exacerbated by a Western Disturbance (WD). This combination led to intense and unprecedented rainfall, causing extensive damage to public and private properties, particularly in hilly regions. The report mentioned that similar disasters have occurred in the past due to heavy rainfall, cloudbursts and landslides, possibly exacerbated by factors like unscientific construction, climate change and increased human activities, including tourism. The report emphasized the need for accurate predictions and proactive planning to mitigate such disasters in the future. � 2024, India Meteorological Department. All rights reserved.Item Sustainable Synthesis of Novel Green-Based Nanoparticles for Therapeutic Interventions and Environmental Remediation(American Chemical Society, 2024) Singh S.; Tiwari H.; Verma A.; Gupta P.; Chattopadhaya A.; Singh A.; Singh S.; Kumar B.; Mandal A.; Kumar R.; Yadav A.K.; Gautam H.K.; Gautam V.The advancement in nanotechnology has completely revolutionized various fields, including pharmaceutical sciences, and streamlined the potential therapeutic of many diseases that endanger human life. The synthesis of green nanoparticles by biological processes is an aspect of the newly emerging scientific field known as �green nanotechnology�. Due to their safe, eco-friendly, nontoxic nature, green synthesis tools are better suited to produce nanoparticles between 1 and 100 nm. Nanoformulation of different types of nanoparticles has been made possible by using green production techniques and commercially feasible novel precursors, such as seed extracts, algae, and fungi, that act as potent reducing, capping, and stabilizing agents. In addition to this, the biofunctionalization of nanoparticles has also broadened its horizon in the field of environmental remediation and various novel therapeutic innovations including wound healing, antimicrobial, anticancer, and nano biosensing. However, the major challenge pertaining to green nanotechnology is the agglomeration of nanoparticles that may alter the surface topology, which can affect biological physiology, thereby contributing to system toxicity. Therefore, a thorough grasp of nanoparticle toxicity and biocompatibility is required to harness the applications of nanotechnology in therapeutics. � 2024 American Chemical Society
