Browsing by Author "Gupta S.K."
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Item A rare presentation of abdominal castleman disease: A case report(SAGE Publications Inc., 2024) Khanna S.; Rani D.A.; Kumar S.; Gupta S.K.Unicentric Castleman disease (UCD) is a rare benign lymphoid proliferative disease having solitary or multiple lesions in adjacent organs, limited to the same lymphoid region. Among all the affected stations, mesenteric localization of UCD is very rare and often misdiagnosed due to the absence of typical clinical and imaging features, making preoperative diagnosis difficult. Complete surgical resection remains the standard of care, which shows curative intent in 90% of patients. We report a rare case of an adolescent male with abdominal UCD who presented with intermittent abdominal pain, vomiting, and a firm, mobile lump in the right lower abdomen. Hematological parameters were within normal limits. Ultrasound raised suspicion of mesenteric mass in the right paraumbilical region which on contrast-enhanced CT scan was suggestive of benign mesenteric mass/desmoid tumor. Intraoperatively, a 10 � 9�cm mesenteric mass was noted in the right paraumbilical region attached to root of mesentery along with an inflamed appendix. Excision of the mesenteric mass with appendectomy was done. Histopathology was suggestive of Angio Follicular Lymphoid Hyperplasia (Castleman disease) and inflamed appendix. Castleman disease is an unusual medical case that poses a diagnostic challenge and it must be included in the differential diagnoses of solid abdominal mass. Though multiple treatment options are available, surgical resection is still considered the standard treatment of choice due to its diagnostic and therapeutic advantages. � The Author(s) 2024.Item Benzimidazole-derived carbohydrazones as dual monoamine oxidases and acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: design, synthesis, and evaluation(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Kumar S.; Jaiswal S.; Gupta S.K.; Ayyannan S.R.A series of novel benzimidazole-derived carbohydrazones was designed, synthesized and evaluated for their dual inhibition potential against monoamine oxidases (MAOs) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) using multitarget-directed ligand approach (MTDL). The investigated compounds have exhibited moderate to excellent in�vitro MAOs/AChE inhibitory activity at micromolar to nanomolar concentrations. Compound 12, 2-(1H-Benzo[d]imidazol-1-yl)-N'-[1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethylidene]acetohydrazide has emerged as a lead dual MAO-AChE inhibitor by exhibiting superior multi-target activity profile against MAO-A (IC50 = 0.067 � 0.018 �M), MAO-B (IC50 = 0.029 � 0.005 �M) and AChE (IC50 = 1.37 � 0.026 �M). SAR studies suggest that the site A (hydrophobic ring) and site C (semicarbazone linker) modifications attempted on the semicarbazone-based MTDL resulted in a significant enhancement in the MAO-A/B inhibitory potential and a drastic decrease in the AChE inhibitory activity. Further, molecular docking and dynamics simulation experiments disclosed the possible molecular interactions of inhibitors inside the active site of respective enzymes. Also, computational prediction of drug-likeness and ADME parameters of test compounds revealed their drug-like characteristics. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma. � 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Biosynthesis of biomolecules from saffron as an industrial crop and their regulation, with emphasis on the chemistry, extraction methods, identification techniques, and potential applications in human health and food: A critical comprehensive review(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Gupta V.; Jamwal G.; Rai G.K.; Gupta S.K.; Shukla R.M.; Dadrwal B.K.; Prabhakar P.; Tripathy S.; Rajpoot S.K.; Singh A.K.; Verma D.K.; Utama G.L.; Ch�vez Gonz�lez M.L.; Aguilar C.N.The dried stigmas of Crocus sativus, known as �Red Gold,� are highly prized for their nutritional and medicinal qualities. These qualities are due to the presence of apocarotenoids such as crocin, crocetin, safranal, and picrocrocin. The concentrations of biomolecules in saffron play a crucial role in determining its quality and commercial value. Ensuring the purity of saffron biomolecules is crucial for their pharmaceutical and food applications, given their significant potential in these fields. Enhancing cultivation practices and harnessing biosynthesis pathways through genetic engineering are widely used methods to boost the production of saffron biomolecules. Nevertheless, achieving optimal purity and output from the final products necessitates the implementation of efficient extraction methods. Additionally, employing effective identification methods is crucial for attaining accuracy in estimating the quality and quantity of these biomolecules. Hence, understanding the biosynthesis, extraction, and identification methods of saffron biomolecules, along with their significant role in human health and food, holds great importance. There is a need for extensive research to enhance the quality of components used in the food and pharmaceutical industries, surpassing the current studies. Thus, this review provides an overview of saffron biomolecules, including crocin, crocetin, safranal, and picrocrocin, along with their properties, biosynthesis, and regulation. Furthermore, the paper delves into the various aspects of saffron biomolecules, including sample preparation, extraction, identification, and quantification. In addition, the paper highlighted the possible health advantages and food uses of saffron biomolecules, as well as detailed information on the role of artificial intelligence have been discussed as a cutting-edge tool for studying various aspects of saffron biomolecules. Furthermore, the study has emphasized the future potential and opportunities for further research on saffron and its biomolecules, which can pique the interest of researchers, scientists, and industrial people seeking new and innovative opportunities. � 2024 Elsevier LtdItem Deciphering the landscape of triple negative breast cancer from microenvironment dynamics and molecular insights to biomarker analysis and therapeutic modalities(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2024) Tiwari H.; Singh S.; Sharma S.; Gupta P.; Verma A.; Chattopadhaya A.; Kumar B.; Agarwal S.; Kumar R.; Gupta S.K.; Gautam V.Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) displays a notable challenge in clinical oncology due to its invasive nature which is attributed to the absence of progesterone receptor (PR), estrogen receptor (ER), and human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER-2). The heterogenous tumor microenvironment (TME) of TNBC is composed of diverse constituents that intricately interact to evade immune response and facilitate cancer progression and metastasis. Based on molecular gene expression, TNBC is classified into four molecular subtypes: basal-like (BL1 and BL2), luminal androgen receptor (LAR), immunomodulatory (IM), and mesenchymal. TNBC is an aggressive histological variant with adverse prognosis and poor therapeutic response. The lack of response in most of the TNBC patients could be attributed to the heterogeneity of the disease, highlighting the need for more effective treatments and reliable prognostic biomarkers. Targeting certain signaling pathways and their components has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy for improving patient outcomes. In this review, we have summarized the interactions among various components of the dynamic TME in TNBC and discussed the classification of its molecular subtypes. Moreover, the purpose of this review is to compile and provide an overview of the most recent data about recently discovered novel TNBC biomarkers and targeted therapeutics that have proven successful in treating metastatic TNBC. The emergence of novel therapeutic strategies such as chemoimmunotherapy, chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells-based immunotherapy, phytometabolites-mediated natural therapy, photodynamic and photothermal approaches have made a significant positive impact and have paved the way for more effective interventions. � 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.Item Deep learning models for tuberculosis detection and infected region visualization in chest X-ray images(Chinese Medical Association, 2024) Sharma V.; Nillmani; Gupta S.K.; Shukla K.K.Objective: Tuberculosis (TB) is among the most frequent causes of infectious-disease-related mortality. Despite being treatable by antibiotics, tuberculosis often goes misdiagnosed and untreated, especially in rural and low-resource areas. Chest X-rays are frequently used to aid diagnosis; however, this presents additional challenges because of the possibility of abnormal radiological appearance and a lack of radiologists in areas where the infection is most prevalent. Implementing deep-learning-based imaging techniques for computer-aided diagnosis has the potential to enable accurate diagnoses and lessen the burden on medical specialists. In the present work, we aimed to develop deep-learning-based segmentation and classification models for accurate and precise detection of tuberculosis in chest X-ray images, with visualization of infection using gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) heatmaps. Methods: First, we trained the UNet segmentation model using 704 chest X-ray radiographs taken from the Montgomery County and Shenzhen Hospital datasets. Next, we implemented the trained UNet model on 1,400 tuberculosis and control chest X-ray scans to segment the lung region. The images were taken from the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) TB portal program dataset. Then, we applied the deep learning Xception model to classify the segmented lung region into tuberculosis and normal classes. We further investigated the visualization capabilities of the model using Grad-CAM to view tuberculosis abnormalities in chest X-rays and discuss them from radiological perspectives. Results: For segmentation by the UNet model, we achieved accuracy, Jaccard index, Dice coefficient, and area under the curve (AUC) values of 96.35%, 90.38%, 94.88%, and 0.99, respectively. For classification by the Xception model, we achieved classification accuracy, precision, recall, F1-score, and AUC values of 99.29%, 99.30%, 99.29%, 99.29%, and 0.999, respectively. The Grad-CAM heatmap images from the tuberculosis class showed similar heatmap patterns, where lesions were primarily present in the upper part of the lungs. Conclusion: The findings may verify our system's efficacy and superiority to clinician precision in tuberculosis diagnosis using chest X-rays and raise the possibility of a valuable setup, particularly in environments with a scarcity of radiological expertise. � 2023 The Author(s)Item Impact and potential of carbon sequestration and utilization: fundamentals and recent developments(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Mondal A.; Gupta S.K.; Yaduvanshi S.; Khan M.; Layek S.; Kudapa V.K.; Mondal S.Carbon dioxide is a primary greenhouse gas that plays a vital role in shaping life on Earth. However, the continuous anthropogenic emissions of CO2 at prominent levels have caused severe damage to the earth as they increase the global average temperature of the earth, causing global warming. To restrict the further rise in global temperature, it is necessary to capture anthropogenic CO2 emissions efficiently by various means. Technological carbon sequestration would benefit the manufacturing industry by minimizing carbon emissions and saving on carbon taxes. This review article would explore various methods to capture carbon efficiently by improving carbon storage technology, using captured carbon economically in industries, and making fuel from captured carbon. Cooling towers can be used to capture carbon through the direct air capture (DAC) method and can be integrated with Natural Draft Dry Cooling Tower systems (NDDCTs) to lower the power consumption requirements and thus the operational costs. The captured carbon is used to make fuel by employing solid carbon directly as both an anode and fuel, with 80% higher efficiency than solid oxide fuel cells. It also emits fewer pollutants than typical coal-burning power plants. � 2024 Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.Item Implications and adaptive responses in Avena sativa towards rhizospheric bacteria under drought stress(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Gupta S.K.; Dey R.; Devi S.; Raghuwanshi R.Water deficiency is one of the major abiotic stress conditions that decrease the yields of crops by affecting various metabolic processes in plants. The current state of food security has been alarmingly affected by these circumstances. Consequently, biological approaches to the issue can be implemented while taking into account their positive effects on the environment. The goal of the current work was to obtain rhizospheric bacterial strains possessing stress tolerance abilities, suitable to use as potent plant growth regulator under drought. For this purpose, bacterial strains were isolated from rhizospheric zone of different drought exposed plants and their putative plant growth-promoting attributes were analyzed by morphological and biochemical studies. Among the 30 isolates obtained, the best three drought tolerant and plant growth-promoting strains were selected and identified by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as Enterobacter cloacae-BHUSR1 (MG913373), Serratia marcescens-BHUSR2 (MG913374) and Klebsiella aerogenes-BHUSR3 (MG913375). These bacterial strains were good EPS, IAA, ammonia and siderophores producers as well as nutrient (K, Zn, P) solubilizers. The selected strains were used for biopriming Avena sativa seeds which were further exposed to water stress (5 days) in a completely randomized design to check the bacterial effect on plant growth. Water stress caused a significant alteration in growth, protein and chlorophyll content of Avena sativa. However, biopriming improved the physiological conditions of the oat plants by increasing the osmolytes (proline, phenol and sugar) under water deficient conditions. This technique was even helpful in augmenting the plants antioxidant levels, as high catalase activity was observed in oat after biopriming. It can be concluded from the study that bacterial seed biopriming can be a helpful tool in overcoming drought effects, as it regulates the plants physiological response towards stress with Klebsiella aerogenes-BHUSR3 being an efficient plant growth promoter in water deficient soils. � 2024 The AuthorsItem Long-term application of agronomic management strategies effects on soil organic carbon, energy budgeting, and carbon footprint under rice�wheat cropping system(Nature Research, 2024) Naresh R.K.; Singh P.K.; Bhatt R.; Chandra M.S.; Kumar Y.; Mahajan N.C.; Gupta S.K.; Al-Ansari N.; Mattar M.A.In the plains of western North India, traditional rice and wheat cropping systems (RWCS) consume a significant amount of energy and carbon. In order to assess the long-term energy budgets, ecological footprint, and greenhouse gas (GHG) pollutants from RWCS with residual management techniques, field research was conducted which consisted of fourteen treatments that combined various tillage techniques, fertilization methods, and whether or not straw return was present in randomized block design. By altering the formation of aggregates and the distribution of carbon within them, tillage techniques can affect the dynamics of organic carbon in soil and soil microbial activity. The stability of large macro-aggregates (> 2 mm), small macro-aggregates (2.0�2.25 mm), and micro-aggregates in the topsoil were improved by 35.18%, 33.52%, and 25.10%, respectively, over conventional tillage (0�20 cm) using tillage strategies for conservation methods (no-till in conjunction with straw return and organic fertilizers). The subsoil (20�40 cm) displayed the same pattern. In contrast to conventional tilling with no straw returns, macro-aggregates of all sizes and micro-aggregates increased by 24.52%, 28.48%, and 18.12%, respectively, when conservation tillage with organic and chemical fertilizers was used. The straw return (aggregate-associated C) also resulted in a significant increase in aggregate-associated carbon. When zero tillage was paired with straw return, chemical, and organic fertilizers, the topsoil's overall aggregate-associated C across all aggregate proportions increased. Conversely, conventional tillage, in contrast to conservation tillage, included straw return as well as chemical and organic fertilizers and had high aggregate-associated C in the subsurface. This study finds that tillage techniques could change the dynamics of microbial biomass in soils and organic soil carbon by altering the aggregate and distribution of C therein. � 2024, The Author(s).Item Minimally invasive techniques as adjuncts in low-versus high-lying retained rectal foreign bodies of autoerotic nature in young men: a tailored management algorithm with two contrasting case reports from India(The Korean Society of Traumatology, 2024) Gupta S.K.; Katiyar V.K.; Sharma S.; Mishra S.P.; Bhartiya S.K.Retained rectal foreign bodies (RFBs) of an autoerotic nature represent an emerging and rare surgical emergency, posing a sensitive challenge for surgeons. RFBs exhibit a wide range of presentations and require varied management approaches, with the choice of treatment modality differing from case to case. Recently, minimally invasive techniques have been employed for the retrieval of RFBs. In 2021, the World Society of Emergency Surgery and the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma released guidelines on anorectal emergencies, highlighting the usefulness of these techniques as adjunctive tools for both diagnosis and ruling out associated complications. In this report, we describe two noteworthy cases of men who presented to the trauma emergency department with foreign bodies lodged in their rectums. We also highlight the potential role of minimally invasive techniques within a �step-up� approach for the management of retained RFBs. � 2024 The Korean Society of Traumatology.Item Prediction of groundwater level changes based on machine learning technique in highly groundwater irrigated alluvial aquifers of south-central Punjab, India(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Gupta S.K.; Sahoo S.; Sahoo B.B.; Srivastava P.K.; Pateriya B.; Santosh D.T.Groundwater serves as a vital resource for all living organisms. In regions extensively reliant on groundwater irrigation, hydro-climatic factors, groundwater extraction, and the flow of surface water exhibit an indirect interdependence. This study primarily aims to anticipate GWL in such highly irrigated zones using the Machine Learning (ML) approach. To achieve this, the widely employed Random Forest (RF), Bagging-Reduce Error Pruning Tree (Bagging-REPTree), and Bagging-Decision Stump Tree (Bagging-DSTree) models have been employed for the accurate forecasting of groundwater levels. The long-term pre-monsoon and post-monsoon (fourteen locations) data set of South-Central Punjab state has been applied for the model calibration/training and validation/testing. Seven statistical indices were used such as percent bias (PBIAS), root mean square error (RMSE), normalized root mean square error (nRMSE), RMSE-observation standard deviation ratio (RSR), mean absolute error (MAE), Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) and correlation coefficient (CC) for the model performance analysis. The results revealed that the RF model outperformed in pre-monsoon (testing phase) (RMSE = 0.682, NSE = 0.958) as well as the post-monsoon (testing phase) (RMSE = 0.150, NSE = 0.997) compared to the other two models in the station Ahmadapur and the similar trend is observed in all the stations. Overall, the RF model demonstrates superior performance in predicting groundwater levels during both pre-monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, particularly in highly groundwater-irrigated alluvial aquifers of the southern region. � 2024 Elsevier LtdItem Prospective validation of Bowel Injury Prediction Score for early diagnosis of surgically significant blunt bowel and mesenteric injury(SAGE Publications Ltd, 2024) Gupta S.K.; Singh P.K.; Sharma S.; Gupta S.K.Background: Blunt bowel and mesenteric injuries (BBMI) are frequently missed despite the widespread use of computed tomography (CT). Early diagnosis for timely management of surgically significant blunt bowel and mesenteric injuries (sBBMI) can be challenging. Several tools predictive for sBBMI have been proposed such as the �Bowel Injury Prediction Score� (BIPS) that is based on presence of abdominal tenderness, white blood cell count ?17,000/mm3 and CT grade. The utility of this scoring system for early diagnosis of sBBMI has neither been studied in an Indian population nor prospectively validated. Methods: A single-centre prospective cohort study was conducted at a Trauma Centre in India. After screening of 1793 patients with blunt trauma abdomen who presented between 1st January 2022 and 31st August 2022 and underwent CT scan, eventually, 80 patients of age >18 years, hemodynamically stable and CT finding suspicious of BBMI were included. BIPS score was calculated. Patients were followed to evaluate the outcome. Results: The incidence of sBBMI was 3.06%. Mean age of study patients was 36.2 � 16.5 years with male predominance (92.5%) and road traffic accidents the commonest mode of injury. Patients with BBMI were more likely to require operative intervention in the presence of abdominal tenderness at presentation (p < 0.01) and CT grade ?4 (p < 0.01). For patients with WBC counts of ?17,000/mm3, no statistically significant difference was noted in the need for operative intervention. BIPS ?2 had 94.5% sensitivity, 72% specificity, 88% PPV, and 86% NPV for identifying patients with sBBMI. Conclusion: Calculation of BIPS at the time of presentation can avoid unnecessary delays in surgical management and thereby reduce overall morbidity and mortality even in an Indian setup. However, WBC counts > 17,000/mm3 were not found to be predictive of sBBMI. � The Author(s) 2023.Item Publisher Correction: Long-term application of agronomic management strategies effects on soil organic carbon, energy budgeting, and carbon footprint under rice�wheat cropping system (Scientific Reports, (2024), 14, 1, (337), 10.1038/s41598-023-48785-z)(Nature Research, 2024) Naresh R.K.; Singh P.K.; Bhatt R.; Chandra M.S.; Kumar Y.; Mahajan N.C.; Gupta S.K.; Al-Ansari N.; Mattar M.A.In the original version of this Article, Mohamed Mattar was omitted as a corresponding author. Correspondence and requests for materials should also be addressed to mmattar@ksu.edu.sa. � The Author(s) 2024.Item Reflections on Surgical Care in the Twenty-First Century�The Missing Elements in Surgical Training(Springer, 2024) Gupta S.K.; Gupta S.K.; Khanna A.K.[No abstract available]Item Sustainable development of India's biobased economy(Elsevier Ltd, 2024) Singh K.; Agarwal N.; Gupta S.K.; Abhilash P.C.; Byun C.[No abstract available]Item Unilateral Hyperplasia of the Mandibular Condyle(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2024) Khanna N.N.; Gupta S.K.; Sood P.C.; Khanna S.A twenty-two years old patient with a unilateral hyperpiasia of the mandibular condyle has been presented. The clinical and radiological features and the current methods of treatment have been discussed. � 2024 Georg Thieme Verlag. All rights reserved.
