BHU Institutional Repository :: Browsing by Author "Kamle, Madhu"

Browsing by Author "Kamle, Madhu"

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Aflatoxins in Cereals and Cereal-Based Products: Occurrence, Toxicity, Impact on Human Health, and Their Detoxification and Management Strategies
(MDPI, 2022) Kumar, Pradeep; Gupta, Akansha; Mahato, Dipendra Kumar; Pandhi, Shikha; Pandey, Arun Kumar; Kargwal, Raveena; Mishra, Sadhna; Suhag, Rajat; Sharma, Nitya; Saurabh, Vivek; Paul, Veena; Kumar, Manoj; Selvakumar, Raman; Gamlath, Shirani; Kamle, Madhu; Enshasy, Hesham Ali El; Mokhtar, Jawahir A.; Harakeh, Steve
Cereals and cereal-based products are primary sources of nutrition across the world. However, contamination of these foods with aflatoxins (AFs), secondary metabolites produced by several fungal species, has raised serious concerns. AF generation in innate substrates is influenced by several parameters, including the substrate type, fungus species, moisture content, minerals, humidity, temperature, and physical injury to the kernels. Consumption of AF-contaminated cereals and cereal-based products can lead to both acute and chronic health issues related to physical and mental maturity, reproduction, and the nervous system. Therefore, the precise detection methods, detoxification, and management strategies of AFs in cereal and cereal-based products are crucial for food safety as well as consumer health. Hence, this review provides a brief overview of the occurrence, chemical characteristics, biosynthetic processes, health hazards, and detection techniques of AFs, along with a focus on detoxification and management strategies that could be implemented for food safety and security. � 2022 by the authors.
Bacillus thuringiensis as microbial biopesticide: uses and application for sustainable agriculture
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Kumar, Pradeep; Kamle, Madhu; Borah, Rituraj; Mahato, Dipendra Kumar; Sharma, Bharti
Background: Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has been used in agriculture for a long time because of its insecticidal proteins which make it a valuable environment-friendly biopesticide. However, its use is not only limited to insecticidal properties. Current and previous studies indicate its potential as a biofertilizer for promoting plant growth, the development of transgenic plants, and others. It is the presence of ?-endotoxins, especially cry protein, which attributes the insecticidal property to the bacteria. Besides, there are some vegetative and secreted insecticidal proteins that exert their toxic activity towards specific species. Main body of abstract: The present review briefly provides an overview of the Bt uses and application as a biocontrol agent against insect pest for sustainable agriculture. Historical development of Bt as biocontrol, classification of various cry proteins, their mechanisms of actions against different insect-pest, and incorporation of cry genes in the plant for developing transgenic Bt plants such as Bt cotton, potato, and maize. Applications of Bt as biofertilizer and the various bioformulations as biopesticide are also described. Short conclusion: Uses of harmful pesticides and chemical cause various health issues and environmental problem; therefore, the Bt served as the best alternative to overcome the above issue. Also, we aim to explore the potential as plant growth-promoting potential and solubilization of minerals and the uses as a biofertilizer, keeping the high specificity and environmental safety of Bt. Its various formulations are commercially available and considered an efficient alternative to chemical pesticides. � 2021, The Author(s).
Bacillus-based nano-bioformulations for phytopathogens and insect�pest management
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Kumar, Pradeep; Pandhi, Shikha; Mahato, Dipendra Kumar; Kamle, Madhu; Mishra, Archana
Background: Recent concerns linked with the application of chemical pesticides and the increasing necessity of low inputs sustainable agriculture have put the use of microbial biocontrol agents and bio-pesticides to the forefront for their application against plant pathogens and insect�pest management. Results: This review tended to scrutinize the prospects of microbial biocontrol agents and microbes-based nano-formulations against plant diseases and for pest management with emphasis on bacteria-based nanoparticles, especially derived from Bacillus species. It also tended to discuss the probable mechanism of action and effect on plant growth along with its prospects in a brief manner. Conclusion: The use of microbial biocontrol agents offers effective, eco-friendly, and long-lasting management of plant diseases. The employment of nanotechnology in the field of biopesticides has emerged as a promising solution. Nano-biopesticides in the form of biologically derived active pesticides or compounds integrated as nanoparticles and integrated into a suitable polymer have application in insect�pest management. � 2021, The Author(s).
Citrinin Mycotoxin Contamination in Food and Feed: Impact on Agriculture, Human Health, and Detection and Management Strategies
(MDPI, 2022) Kamle, Madhu; Mahato, Dipendra Kumar; Gupta, Akansha; Pandhi, Shikha; Sharma, Nitya; Sharma, Bharti; Mishra, Sadhna; Arora, Shalini; Selvakumar, Raman; Saurabh, Vivek; Dhakane-Lad, Jyoti; Kumar, Manoj; Barua, Sreejani; Kumar, Arvind; Gamlath, Shirani; Kumar, Pradeep
Citrinin (CIT) is a mycotoxin produced by different species of Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Monascus. CIT can contaminate a wide range of foods and feeds at any time during the pre-harvest, harvest, and post-harvest stages. CIT can be usually found in beans, fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, herbs and spices, and dairy products, as well as red mold rice. CIT exerts nephrotoxic and genotoxic effects in both humans and animals, thereby raising concerns regarding the consumption of CIT-contaminated food and feed. Hence, to minimize the risk of CIT contamination in food and feed, understanding the incidence of CIT occurrence, its sources, and biosynthetic pathways could assist in the effective implementation of detection and mitigation measures. Therefore, this review aims to shed light on sources of CIT, its prevalence in food and feed, biosynthetic pathways, and genes involved, with a major focus on detection and management strategies to ensure the safety and security of food and feed. � 2022 by the authors. icensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Deoxynivalenol: An Overview on Occurrence, Chemistry, Biosynthesis, Health Effects and Its Detection, Management, and Control Strategies in Food and Feed
(Page Press Publications, 2022) Kamle, Madhu; Mahato, Dipendra Kumar; Gupta, Akansha; Pandhi, Shikha; Sharma, Bharti; Dhawan, Kajal; Vasundhara; Mishra, Sadhna; Kumar, Manoj; Tripathi, Abhishek Dutt; Rasane, Prasad; Selvakumar, Raman; Kumar, Arvind; Gamlath, Shirani; Kumar, Pradeep
Mycotoxins are fungi-produced secondary metabolites that can contaminate many foods eaten by humans and animals. Deoxynivalenol (DON), which is formed by Fusarium, is one of the most common occurring predominantly in cereal grains and thus poses a significant health risk. When DON is ingested, it can cause both acute and chronic toxicity. Acute signs include abdominal pain, anorexia, diarrhea, increased salivation, vomiting, and malaise. The most common effects of chronic DON exposure include changes in dietary efficacy, weight loss, and anorexia. This review provides a succinct overview of various sources, biosynthetic mechanisms, and genes governing DON production, along with its consequences on human and animal health. It also covers the effect of environmental factors on its production with potential detection, management, and control strategies. � 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
Detection and Management Strategies for Deoxynivalenol in Food and Feed: An Overview
(CRC Press, 2022) Selvakumar, Raman; Manjunathagowda, Dalasanuru Chandregowda; Pandey, Arun Kumar; Mahato, Dipendra Kumar; Gupta, Akansha; Pandhi, Shikha; Kargwal, Raveena; Kamle, Madhu; Kumar, Pradeep
Mycotoxin contamination is a global issue, but it is aggravated in warm, humid environments that encourage fungus growth and the creation of mycotoxins. Microbial contamination in agricultural and food production has a negative economic effect on the industry. Natural foods and feeds include toxins that are a significant source of worry for human and animal health. Cereals such as wheat, maize, barley, rice, and oats, as well as their products such as breakfast cereals, infant cereals, meals, feed, and baby mix, are the most often contaminated foodstuffs. DON contamination is caused by fungicide use and FHB-resistant genotypes. Important contamination in food and feed has been observed since DON is found in toxicologically significant amounts in food and feed all over the globe. Humans and animals also face significant health risks from DON-contaminated agricultural food and feed. Consumption of DON-contaminated food and feed may jeopardize human and animal health. � 2023 Pradeep Kumar, Madhu Kamle, and Dipendra Kumar Mahato.
Ethnopharmacological properties and Nutraceutical potential of Moringa oleifera
(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Mahato, Dipendra Kumar; Kargwal, Raveena; Kamle, Madhu; Sharma, Bharti; Pandhi, Shikha; Mishra, Sadhna; Gupta, Akansha; Mahmud, M.M. Chayan; Gupta, Maneesh Kumar; Singha, Lal Bihari; Kumar, Pradeep
Background: Moringa oleifera Lam (family Moringaceae) is a plant innate to India and has now been cultivated in various other regions of the world. It is extensively grown for its highly nutritious plant parts as a source of various nutrients like proteins, vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients like carotenoids, polyphenols, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins, etc. It has been widely stimulated in the regions of chronic as a nutritional supplement for infants and children. Methods: The search tools like Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, SciFinder, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Science Direct databases were used for a thorough literature search till 2021. Results: In this review, the diversified phytochemical profile and high therapeutically potential have been documented. The current review intends to present an updated comprehensive overview of this versatile plant's nutritional value, therapeutic components, and ethnopharmacological properties. Conclusion: This plant has gained immense potential and increasing exploration as a nutraceutical. The ethnopharmacological properties of various compounds, along with their mode of action, are discussed briefly. Also, relevant pre-clinical and clinical trials are highlighted, which are in great demand and need further in-depth investigation in the future. � 2021 The Author(s)
Fumonisins in Food and Feed: Their Detection and Management Strategies
(CRC Press, 2022) Srivastava, Shubhangi; Yadav, Ashok Kumar; Ghosh, Mousumi; Mahato, Dipendra Kumar; Kamle, Madhu; Pandey, Pooja; Chakraborty, Sreemoyee; Kumar, Pradeep
Contamination by fumonisins in agricultural crops and food-related products is affected by agro-climatic conditions. Cereals are the most often contaminated food categories. The fumonisin levels in popcorn or sweet corn, milk, meat, and eggs are generally low, while those in corn meal, bran, flour, grits, distiller grains, gluten, milling fractions, and baking mixes are quite high. Fumonisin dietary intake can result in a variety of negative consequences in agricultural and laboratory animals. From 1980-95, fumonisins were detected by thin layer chromatography on silica plates. After spraying the plate with p-anisaldehyde, followed by heating, the fumonisins develop as light to dark purple dots. Some chemical and physical methods for fumonisin reduction have been marketed entailing solvent extraction, sorting and flotation, detoxification by chemical alkalization. Mycotoxin adsorption methods have been adopted by the use of natural clay as adsorbent media in the food processing sector, resulting in the detoxification of food. � 2023 Pradeep Kumar, Madhu Kamle, and Dipendra Kumar Mahato.
Nivalenol Mycotoxin Concerns in Foods: An Overview on Occurrence, Impact on Human and Animal Health and Its Detection and Management Strategies
(MDPI, 2022) Kumar, Pradeep; Mahato, Dipendra Kumar; Gupta, Akansha; Pandey, Surabhi; Paul, Veena; Saurabh, Vivek; Pandey, Arun Kumar; Selvakumar, Raman; Barua, Sreejani; Kapri, Mandira; Kumar, Manoj; Kaur, Charanjit; Tripathi, Abhishek Dutt; Gamlath, Shirani; Kamle, Madhu; Varzakas, Theodoros; Agriopoulou, Sofia
Mycotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by fungi that infect a wide range of foods worldwide. Nivalenol (NIV), a type B trichothecene produced by numerous Fusarium species, has the ability to infect a variety of foods both in the field and during post-harvest handling and management. NIV is frequently found in cereal and cereal-based goods, and its strong cytotoxicity poses major concerns for both human and animal health. To address these issues, this review briefly overviews the sources, occurrence, chemistry and biosynthesis of NIV. Additionally, a brief overview of several sophisticated detection and management techniques is included, along with the implications of processing and environmental factors on the formation of NIV. This review�s main goal is to offer trustworthy and current information on NIV as a mycotoxin concern in foods, with potential mitigation measures to assure food safety and security. � 2022 by the authors.
Occurrence, impact on agriculture, human health, and management strategies of zearalenone in food and feed: A review
(MDPI AG, 2021) Mahato, Dipendra Kumar; Devi, Sheetal; Pandhi, Shikha; Sharma, Bharti; Maurya, Kamlesh Kumar; Mishra, Sadhna; Dhawan, Kajal; Selvakumar, Raman; Kamle, Madhu; Mishra, Awdhesh Kumar; Kumar, Pradeep
Mycotoxins represent an assorted range of secondary fungal metabolites that extensively occur in numerous food and feed ingredients at any stage during pre- and post-harvest conditions. Zearalenone (ZEN), a mycotoxin categorized as a xenoestrogen poses structural similarity with natural estrogens that enables its binding to the estrogen receptors leading to hormonal misbalance and numerous reproductive diseases. ZEN is mainly found in crops belonging to temperate regions, primarily in maize and other cereal crops that form an important part of various food and feed. Because of the significant adverse effects of ZEN on both human and animal, there is an alarming need for effective detection, mitigation, and management strategies to assure food and feed safety and security. The present review tends to provide an updated overview of the different sources, occurrence and biosynthetic mechanisms of ZEN in various food and feed. It also provides insight to its harmful effects on human health and agriculture along with its effective detection, management, and control strategies. Copyright: � 2021 by the authors.
Patulin in food: A mycotoxin concern for human health and its management strategies
(Elsevier Ltd, 2021) Mahato, Dipendra Kumar; Kamle, Madhu; Sharma, Bharti; Pandhi, Shikha; Devi, Sheetal; Dhawan, Kajal; Selvakumar, Raman; Mishra, Diwakar; Kumar, Arvind; Arora, Shalini; Singh, Namita Ashish; Kumar, Pradeep
The mycotoxin patulin is primarily produced as a secondary metabolite by numerous fungal species and predominantly by Aspergillus, Byssochlamys, and Penicillium species. It is generally associated with fungal infected food materials. Penicillium expansum is considered the only fungal species liable for patulin contamination in pome fruits, especially in apples and apple-based products. This toxin in food poses serious health concerns and economic threat, which has aroused the need to adopt effective detection and mitigation strategies. Understanding its origin sources and biosynthetic mechanism stands essential for efficiently designing a management strategy against this fungal contamination. This review aims to present an updated outline of the sources of patulin occurrence in different foods and their biosynthetic mechanisms. It further provides information regarding the detrimental effects of patulin on human and agriculture as well as its effective detection, management, and control strategies. � 2021 Elsevier Ltd
Pharmacological properties, therapeutic potential, and legal status of Cannabis sativa L.: An overview
(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2021) Kumar, Pradeep; Mahato, Dipendra Kumar; Kamle, Madhu; Borah, Rituraj; Sharma, Bharti; Pandhi, Shikha; Tripathi, Vijay; Yadav, Hardeo Singh; Devi, Sheetal; Patil, Umesh; Xiao, Jianbo; Mishra, Awdhesh Kumar
Marijuana, or Cannabis sativa L., is a common psychoactive plant used for both recreational and medicinal purposes. In many countries, cannabis-based medicines have been legalized under certain conditions because of their immense prospects in medicinal applications. With a comprehensive insight into the prospects and challenges associated with the pharmacological use and global trade of C. sativa, this mini-review focuses on the medicinal importance of the plant and its legal status worldwide; the pharmacological compounds and its therapeutic potential along with the underlying public health concerns and future perspective are herein discussed. The existence of major compounds including ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (?9-THC), cannabidiol, cannabinol, and cannabichromene contributes to the medicinal effects of the cannabis plant. These compounds are also involved in the treatment of various types of cancer, epilepsy, and Parkinson's disease displaying several mechanisms of action. Cannabis sativa is a plant with significant pharmacological potential. However, several aspects of the plant need an in-depth understanding of the drug mechanism and its interaction with other drugs. Only after addressing these health concerns, legalization of cannabis could be utilized to its full potential as a future medicine. � 2021 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
PR Toxins: Concerns in Food and Feed with Their Detection and Management Strategies
(CRC Press, 2022) Ghosh, Mousumi; Chakraborty, Sreemoyee; Misra, Sourav; Srivastava, Shubhangi; Bondre, Sourabh; Kamle, Madhu; Kumar, Pradeep; Mahato, Dipendra Kumar
The word "mycotoxins" comes from two ancient Greek words, mykes and toxon, meaning "mold" and "poisonous arrow,". The reason behind using P. roqueforti for the ripening of this variety of cheeses is that it helps to develop the desired characteristic texture: blue-green spots, flavor, and aroma. In addition to these, it also protects the cheeses against unwanted microbial contamination. Very limited or scattered literature available in the context of PR toxin emphasizes the need for comprehensive and up-to-date scientific information, including occurrence, source, morphological characteristics, genetics, diversity, toxicological aspects, detection methodology, and control strategies to maintain food quality and safety. Penicillium roqueforti is a fungus that grows rapidly. It is distinguished by smooth bright greenish-color colonies with decent to massive population and either chromatic or greyish turquoise colony borders. The underside of the colony is flat with a pale brown or purely black color. � 2023 Pradeep Kumar, Madhu Kamle, and Dipendra Kumar Mahato.
Trichothecenes in food and feed: Occurrence, impact on human health and their detection and management strategies
(Elsevier Ltd, 2022) Mahato, Dipendra Kumar; Pandhi, Shikha; Kamle, Madhu; Gupta, Akansha; Sharma, Bharti; Panda, Brajesh Kumar; Srivastava, Shubhangi; Kumar, Manoj; Selvakumar, Raman; Pandey, Arun Kumar; Suthar, Priyanka; Arora, Shalini; Kumar, Arvind; Gamlath, Shirani; Bharti, Ajay; Kumar, Pradeep
Trichothecenes (TCNs) are the mycotoxins produced by many fungal species such as Fusarium, Myrothecium, and Stachybotrys and pose a considerable health risk. Based on their characteristic functional moieties, they are divided into four categories: Type A (T-2, HT-2, diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS), harzianum A, neosolaniol (NEO) and trichodermin), Type B (deoxynivalenol (DON), nivalenol (NIV), trichothecin and fusarenon X), Type C (crotocin) and Type D (satratoxin G & H, roridin A and verrucarin A) with types A and B being the most substantial. TCNs cause growth retardation in eukaryotes, suppress seedling growth or regeneration in plants and could be a reason for animal reproductive failure. Due to the increased frequency of occurrence and widespread distribution of TCNs in food and feed, knowledge of their sources of occurrence is essential to strategise their control and management. Hence, this review provides an overview of various types and sources of TCNs, the associated biosynthetic pathways and genes responsible for production in food and feed. Further, various processing and environmental effects on TCNs production, detection techniques and management strategies are also briefly outlined. � 2022
Use of essential oils and phytochemicals against the mycotoxins producing fungi for shelf-life enhancement and food preservation
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Kumar, Pradeep; Mahato, Dipendra Kumar; Gupta, Akansha; Pandhi, Shikha; Mishra, Sadhna; Barua, Sreejani; Tyagi, Vidhi; Kumar, Arvind; Kumar, Manoj; Kamle, Madhu
Mycotoxin-producing fungi are a significant source of crop and food contamination, posing a significant threat to global food safety and security. Essential oils, plant extracts and phytochemicals have emerged as green preservatives to extend the shelf-life of foods due to their unique antimicrobial properties. Unlike conventional synthetic preservatives, they are a sustainable and safe way to preserve food with no or little harmful effects on the environment. Use of nanoformulations containing essential oils and phytochemicals offer enormous potential as a mitigation strategy to lower mycotoxin contamination incidences in food and crop with enhanced release behaviour to efficiently transport them to the target location for a rapid reaction without much impact from environmental variables. Hence, this review overviews various essential oils and phytochemicals utilized through nanoformulations to control the mycotoxigenic fungi, probable mechanism of actions involved as well as emerging mycotoxins and associated safety concerns to ensure food sustainability. � 2022 Institute of Food, Science and Technology (IFSTTF).

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