Browsing by Author "Kothari, Richa"
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Publication A comprehensive study on aquatic chemistry, health risk and remediation techniques of cadmium in groundwater(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Monika Mahajan; Gupta, Pankaj Kumar; Singh, Anita; Vaish, Barkha; Singh, Pooja; Kothari, Richa; Singh, Rajeev PratapCadmium (Cd), a non-essential trace element, it's intrusion in groundwater has ubiquitous implications on the environment and human health. This review is an approach to comprehensively emphasize on i) chemistry and occurrence of Cd in groundwater and its concomitant response on human health ii) sustainable Cd remediation techniques, iii) and associated costs. Current study is depending on meta-analysis of Cd contaminations in groundwater and discusses its distributions around the globe. Literature review primarily comprises from the last three decades online electronic published database, which mainly includes i) research literatures, ii) government reports. On the basis of meta-data, it was concluded that Cd mobility depends on multiple factors: such as pH, redox state, and ionic strength, dissolved organic (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC). A substantially high Cd concentration has been reported in Lagos, Nigeria (0.130 mg/L). In India, groundwater is continuing to be contaminated by Cd in the proximity of industrial, agricultural areas, high concentrations (>8.20 mg/L) were reported in Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra. Depending on chemical behavior and ionic radius cadmium disseminate into the food chain and ultimately cause health hazard that can be measured by various index-based assessment tools. Instead of chemical adsorbents, nanoparticles, phytoextraction, and bioremediation techniques can be very useful in the remediation and management of Cd polluted groundwater at a low-cost. For Cd pollution, the development of a comprehensive framework that links the hydro-geological, bio-geochemical processes to public health is important and need to be further studied. � 2021 Elsevier B.V.Publication Application of Wastewater in Irrigation and Its Regulation with Special Reference to Agriculture Residues(Springer Singapore, 2021) Monika; Singh, Rajeev Pratap; Singh, Pooja; Kothari, Richa; Gautam, Kaushik; Singh, AnitaGrowing urban agglomeration across the world has promoted unscientific disposal of wastewater. In this view, wastewater exploitation in agriculture is a sustainable way of its utilization. Application of wastewater as irrigation water serves several goals such as promoting sustainable agriculture in an arid and semiarid region, preserving scarce water resources, and maintaining growth of plants. However, inadequate practices of wastewater application in present decades have resulted severe environmental issues like degrading river quality, groundwater pollution, heavy metal contamination, deterioration in soil health and nearby water reservoir quality, etc. With the treatment, the wastewater can be purified up to a certain level, but they cannot remove some constituents like heavy metals, pesticides, and other organic and inorganic compounds. Due to the unpredictable and unstable nature of wastewater, this becomes costly to treat either physically, chemically, or biologically. In this context, with the application of some sustainable strategies, the contamination can be reduced up to a certain extent particularly for heavy metals. Among all strategies, the applications of agricultural residues such as rice husk, sawdust, and other amendments are found to be the most suitable and lucrative way of reducing metal availability. Therefore, adjusted and scientific use of wastewater with certain treatment can be an economic and environmentally sustainable alternative to chemical fertilizers for enhancing crop productivity and crop yield and, at the same time, help in handling wastewater as a valuable resource. � Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.Publication COVID-19 and waste management in Indian scenario: challenges and possible solutions(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Kothari, Richa; Sahab, Sinha; Singh, Har Mohan; Singh, Rajeev Pratap; Singh, Bhaskar; Pathania, Deepak; Singh, Anita; Yadav, Shweta; Allen, Tanu; Singh, Sohini; Tyagi, Vineet VeerThe outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic has created havoc all across the globe causing exponential casualties and tremendous health and economic loss. With increasing COVID-19 cases, the amount of biomedical waste has increased manifolds making more people vulnerable to the pandemic. The developing and underdeveloped countries are already facing the challenges of waste management, and the waste generated during the pandemic scenario has added to the already existing challenges. The improper waste management practices need to be corrected; otherwise, the world will be facing a new disaster that could be termed as �waste disaster�. The increase in COVID-19-associated waste (CAW) quantity and their availability in the environment will result in their easy approach to other organisms, which will possibly increase the potential risk of food chain contamination. Some of the countries have already started to make backup plans and are struggling to overcome the �waste disaster�. In light of the limited knowledge available on the mutational properties and possible hosts of this newly emerged COVID-19, there is a great demand to have an efficient strategy to prevent the environment from further contamination in India. The necessity of the prevailing time is to create a more efficient, automatic, mechanized, and well-modified waste management system for handling the present situation and delaying the projected waste disaster in the near future in the era of COVID-19. The article aims to address the issues that originated from waste discharges, their potential sources along with possible sustainable solutions. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.] � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Publication Explicating the fertilizer potential of anaerobic digestate: Effect on soil nutrient profile and growth of Solanum melongena L.(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Vaish, Barkha; Srivastava, Vaibhav; Singh, Umesh Kumar; Gupta, Sanjay Kumar; Chauhan, Puneet Singh; Kothari, Richa; Singh, Rajeev PratapThe use of anaerobic digestate (ADg), a nutrient-rich residual product of the anaerobic digestion (AD) process, could be a promising strategy for nutrient recycling in agriculture. However, when analyzing the usage of waste digestate as an organic amendment, properties such as organic and nutritional content, hygienic quality, and stability are important factors to consider. In this context, the present study elucidates the suitability of ADg as a fertilizer supplement based on agricultural criteria, including soil nutrient dynamics and the growth performance of brinjal (Solanum melongena L. var. Kashi Uttam). Pot experiments were conducted to explore the viability and response of ADg produced from three different organic wastes viz. the organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW), sewage sludge (SS), and flower waste (FW). Five fertilization treatments of each ADg, i.e., 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%, designated as C, T1, T2, T3, and T4, were examined. The findings exhibited a significant (p<0.05) increase in Total Organic Carbon (TOC), exchangeable Na, K, Ca, and available P, while a considerable increment (p>0.05) in TKN was noticed in all the treatments. Biochemical analyses of brinjal depicted significant enhancement (p<0.05) in total chlorophyll (66.7 %) and carotenoid (56.03%) in T1 treatment of OFMSW ADg at 65 DAS. Likewise, maximum protein content increased by 326.8% in T2 of FW ADg at 65 DAS. However, a few of the metal contents also increased with increasing ADg(s) dosage but were well within the permissible limits of the Indian standard. A progressive increase in proline, peroxidase, and lipid peroxidation (p<0.05) was observed with increasing dosages, indicating metal-induced physiological stress in plants. However, improved ascorbic acid and phenol (23.8% at T2 treatment of OFMSW ADg) content allayed oxidative stress. Likewise, augmented morphological and yield (173.4% in T3 treatment of OFMSW ADg and 153.6% in T4 treatment of FW ADg) responses of brinjal in all the treatments showed their aptness for agricultural application with multifaceted environmental benefits. However, more research into the impacts of ADg on soil and plant growth and its transformation during AD is needed to identify the digestate's end-use value. � 2022 The Author(s)Publication Impact of Pollutant Load from Textile Dyeing Industry Wastewater on Biometric Growth Profile of Vigna radiata(Springer, 2022) Kothari, Richa; Pathak, Atin K.; Sharma, Varsha; Ahmad, Shamshad; Singh, Har Mohan; Singh, Rajeev Pratap; Tyagi, V.V.The phytoremediation of wastewater has certain advantages, but the interactions of soil and crop properties have not been systematically studied. This study aimed to analyze how different concentrations of textile dyeing industry wastewater (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%) affected soil qualities, growth, and yield attributes (Vigna radiata). In reaction to dyeing effluent at varying concentrations, the seed germination percentage, growth metrics such as tolerance index, phytotoxicity percentage, relative toxicity, extreme and plumule length were calculated. With increasing effluent concentrations, a gradual decrease in the germination of seed and seedling growth was observed. The maximal relative toxicity and percentage of phytotoxicity was 100%. Interaction of biometric growth profile relative seed germination, relative root growth, relative shoot growth, growth index, and seedling vigor index of V. radiata and physicochemical parameter of textile dyeing industry wastewater were also investigated by using the Pearson correlation co-efficient. Principal component analysis (PCA) is helped to obtain and recognize the factors/sources accountability of different concentrations of textile dyeing industry wastewater. The results of the PCA revealed that four components (PC1 to PC4) out of total principal components retained PC1, PC2, with values of 69.25% and 28.85%, respectively. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Publication India's renewable energy research and policies to phase down coal: Success after Paris agreement and possibilities post-Glasgow Climate Pact(Elsevier Ltd, 2023) Singh, Kripal; Meena, Ram Swaroop; Kumar, Sandeep; Dhyani, Shalini; Sheoran, Seema; Singh, Har Mohan; Pathak, Vinayak V.; Khalid, Zaira; Singh, Anita; Chopra, Kapil; Bajar, Somvir; Ansari, Faiz Ahmad; Gupta, Sanjay Kumar; Varjani, Sunita; Kothari, Richa; Tyagi, Vineet Veer; Singh, Bhaskar; Byun, ChaehoIn Paris Climate Agreement (COP 21) in December 2015, India committed to cut its carbon (C) emissions by 30�35% of its GDP (gross domestic product) and attain 40% of installed energy from renewables by 2030. In the Glasgow Climate Pact (COP 26), an agreement developed at COP26 of UNFCCC in November 2021, India committed to enhancing its renewable energy (RE) capacity to 500 GW and installing 50% of its power from renewable resources by 2030. It is projected that this will help India to reduce its C emissions by 1Bt, reduce emission intensity to the economy by 45% by 2030, and meet the goal of C neutral economy by 2070. Realization of these highly ambitious commitments made at COP26 can be determined by the nation's growth in REs after COP21. Therefore, this article reviews the overall development of renewable energies � solar, wind, biomass, hydrogen, and hydro � in India after COP21 by the end of December 2021. This review provides detailed information on various policies and roadmaps for each energy sector commitments. It identifies major technical and social challenges associated with the sustainability of these sectors. This review offers insights into how realistically ambitious plans India has for �phasing down� the use of coal by 2050 and being a carbon-neutral economy by 2070. India achieved massive success through solar energy after COP21 and 80% of future investments are for solar energy. Comparatively, there has been the least investment in other REs such as bioenergy, water, and wind. � 2023 Elsevier LtdPublication Mechanistic action of pesticides on pests and their consequent effect on fishes and human health with remediation strategies(IWA Publishing, 2023) Singh, Anita; Mahajan, Monika; Kothari, Richa; Singh, Naveen Kumar; Singh, Rajeev PratapPopulation detonation and inflated demand for agricultural products have resulted in the rampant use of pesticides in recent years. These pesticides are used to reduce the number of pesticides by different mechanisms. They have been utilized in agriculture to expand agrarian profit, crop yield, quality, and storage life. The incessant and extensive use of resistant pesticides has contaminated the water bodies, fields, crops, and aquatic biota as well as posing a threat to human health. As a result, stringent regulations and limits are established to monitor the pesticide matrix. The current review focuses on pesticide contamination in the food chain, particularly from the aquatic bodies to fishes and humans. It also discusses strict regulations and limits including maximum residual limits for food items, acceptable daily intake, theoretical maximum daily intake, and estimated carcinogenicity/non-carcinogenicity for fishes and human health risks. In addition to conferring the negative effects of pesticides, this article discusses cost-effective remediation techniques such as phytoremediation, adsorption, the Fenton oxidation method, microalgal/high-rate algal ponds, and nanotechnology with the comparison of their remediation cost. � 2023 The Authors.
