BHU Institutional Repository :: Browsing by Author "Kumar, Anand"

Browsing by Author "Kumar, Anand"

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A comprehensive expedition of tauopathies in subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE): a narrative review
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Pandey, Nikhil; Srivastava, Niraj Kumar; Kumar, Anand; Hussain, Ibrahim; Joshi, Deepika
Introduction: Tauopathies are a class of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the abnormal accumulation of hyperphosphorylated tau protein in the brain. Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) caused by a latent aberrant measles virus infection, is characterized by extensive inflammation and neuronal impairment. A prominent pathological hallmark of SSPE described recently is the accumulation of abnormal tau protein possibly resulting from diffuse brain inflammation triggered by measles virus infection. Short summary: Understanding the role of tau pathophysiology in SSPE is crucial for improving the diagnosis and management of this debilitating condition. Current research suggests that persistent measles virus infection in the brain leads to chronic inflammation, which in turn triggers abnormal tau phosphorylation and accumulation. Further elucidating the precise mechanisms linking measles virus infection, neuro-inflammation, and tauopathy in SSPE is essential for developing targeted therapies. Conclusion: This narrative review provides valuable insights for both researchers and clinicians in understanding the pathological mechanisms underlying SSPE which is crucial for developing effective treatment strategies. These might include antiviral drugs to combat persistent infection, anti-inflammatory agents to reduce neuro-inflammation, or even treatments targeting tau pathology directly. Collaborative efforts among researchers, clinicians, and public health authorities are crucial for advancing our understanding of SSPE to combat this devastating disorder. © The Author(s) 2024.
A questionnaire-based survey of acceptability and satisfaction of virtual neurology clinic during COVID-19 lockdown: a preliminary study
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Kumar, Anand; Lall, Neha; Pathak, Abhishek; Joshi, Deepika; Mishra, Vijaya Nath; Chaurasia, Rameshwar Nath; Singh, Varun Kumar
Introduction: Telemedicine during this pandemic acts as a lifeline for many non-COVID patients especially with chronic neurological diseases. The aim of present study was to evaluate cost effectiveness and level of satisfaction amongst patients from teleneurology outpatient department (OPD). Methods: An online cross-sectional survey, having questions both in Hindi and English was conducted via telemedicine facility at Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. Demographic variables, illness details, travel distance and time taken, travel expenditure, level of satisfaction and preferred choice among tele OPD versus in-person OPD once pandemic ends were recorded. Results: Total 1388 patients filled the online COVID-19 teleneurology survey google form. Mean age was 39.21 ± 16.72 years. Majority (N = 824, 59%) were males. Six hundred (43%) patients’ educational qualification were ≤ 10th standard. Majority of patients (N = 840, 60.5%) belonged to the rural background. Headache (N = 424, 30.5%) followed by backache (N = 220, 16%), stroke (N = 176, 13%) and seizure (N = 148, 11%) were the common illnesses. Travel time of > 5 hours was saved in 496 (36%) patients and travel expenditure of > Rs100 in 796 (57%) patients. About 96% (N = 1332) felt satisfied with the treatment advice via teleconsultation. Discussion: Teleneurology facility is not only feasible but also affordable and acceptable in various neurological conditions. The chief reasons being no waiting time, saving of travelling time and travel expenditure with good satisfaction. © 2022, The Author(s) under exclusive licence to Belgian Neurological Society.
A study of anxiety and depression in benign breast disease
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2020) Srivastava, Vivek; Meena, Rakesh Kumar; Ansari, Mumtaz A.; Kumar, Dheeraj; Kumar, Anand
Background: To compare the prevalence of anxiety and depression levels in patients with benign breast disease (BBD) and healthy individuals using Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Brief Patient Health Questionnaire (BPHQ). Methods: This study includes 100 patients who were clinically suspected of having BBDs and were matched against 100 healthy age-matched controls from June 2016 and July 2018. The diagnosis of BBD was established on the basis of ultrasonography, fine needle aspiration cytology, and/or histopathology. For the diagnosis of anxiety and depression, BPHQ was used and the level of anxiety and depression was measured using the HADS. The questionnaire at both prediagnosis and at follow-up assessment after 3 months was done. Results: On comparing anxiety and depression using BPHQ score among cases and controls, both were significantly associated with cases than controls (P < 0.001 and P = 0.0016, respectively). On comparing anxiety and depression using HADS score, there was a significant difference (median) in both anxiety and depression level between cases and controls (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). After 3 months of follow-up, there was a significant improvement in anxiety and depression scores by both BPHQ (P = 0.007 and P = 0.0016) and HADS (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001). The 3-month follow-up data showed a significant improvement in BPHQ (depression) score in patients with breast lump and mastalgia (P = 0.001 and P = 0.008). The HADS (anxiety score) showed significant improvement in patients presenting with diseases/aberrations other than fibroadenoma while the HADS (depression) score showed a significant improvement in all except fibroadenosis present either alone or along with fibroadenoma. The HADS (depression) score showed a significant improvement in fibroadenoma, others group, breast lump, and mastalgia (P = 0.040, P = 0.005, P < 0.001, and P = 0.025, respectively). Conclusion: Indian female patients who present with BBDs are also affected by anxiety and depression. © 2020 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Acute viral encephalitis, meningitis, and cerebral malaria
(Elsevier, 2024) Kumar, Anand; Lall, Neha
In spite of significant economic growth, medical advances, and access to healthcare, infectious disease remains the major health issue in India. Acute central nervous system infections often lead to significant morbidity and mortality. The highest level of suspicion is the key in establishing early diagnosis and ensuring appropriate treatment. Although acute viral meningitis is relatively less serious as compared with viral encephalitis, it may pose significant disability. On the other hand, cerebral malarial is life-threatening condition with very high mortality. Establishing viral diagnosis helps in prognosis, patient care, and reduced use of unnecessary antimicrobial treatment. Apt diagnosis shortens hospital stay and helps in reducing further spread of infection. Advanced diagnostic tools such as polymerase chain reaction facilitate early detection of viral genomes and aid in rapid diagnosis of viral encephalitis as well as meningitis. Similarly, rapid antigen detection test catches cerebral malaria in early stage and more accurately than conventional microscopy method. Appropriate treatment with antiviral in selected cases of viral infection not only prevents serious morbidity and mortality but also reduces financial burden. Newer antimalarial drugs such as artesunate or quinine in case of cerebral malaria definitely improve the survival rate and have favorable prognosis. For all vector-borne diseases, the convectional primary prevention strategies such as mosquito control, bed nets, repellants, and chemoprophylaxis must be used widely. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
ADCY5 Related Dyskinesia—A Rare Mutation
(John Wiley and Sons Inc, 2022) Mahesh, Bandari; Singh, Varun Kumar; Pathak, Abhishek; Kumar, Anand; Chaurasia, Rameshwar Nath
[No abstract available]
Aluminium phosphide poisoning with esophageal stricture and tracheoesophageal fistula
(2010) Agrawal, Damyanti; Kumar, Anand; Ansari, Mumtaz Ahmed; Srivastava, Vivek; Lahiri, Tapan Kumar
Background: Aluminium phosphide tablets popularly known, as 'celphos' is a highly toxic fumigant used as insecticide for preservation of food grains. India is an agricultural country and celphos tablets are easily available to psychologically vulnerable young people. It is swallowed with suicidal intent and death comes in minutes. Patients and methods: In this series there were seven patients with tracheo esophageal complications out of 342 patients reviewed. Four patients had esophageal stricture and three had stricture plus tracheo esophageal fistulas. Types of symptoms including progressive dyshagia and extent of respiratory symptoms were evaluated. Nutrition status and success or failure of dilatation at the time of endoscopy was taken into account. The criteria for oesophageal replacement was failed dilatation and complications. They were treated with supportive treatment, antegrade esophageal dilatation, gastric bypass and colon bypass. This was a descriptive interventional study. Results: One of the two patients died before any definitive procedure could be done. Survivors were followed up for 7 months to 4 years. They were evaluated by Quantitative and Qualitative measure instrument (QQMI). QQMI showed the final out come as 'good' in one patient and 'very good', in four patients. Conclusions: Due to their psychological state, inability to swallow oral medicines, critical nature of illness these patients needed intensive individualized therapy to obtain a good outcome. © 2010 Indian Association of Cardiovascular-Thoracic Surgeons.
An assessment of rural development and disparities: A geographical analysis of Nalanda district of Bihar, India
(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Kumar, Anand; Butola, B.S.; Yadava, R.S.
The concept of rural development (RD) is both ambiguous and contested although it could be postulated as the comprehensive and multi-dimensional concept that majorly embraces the development of primary and allied activities, socioeconomic conditions, community services, infrastructure, human resource development, local governance, etc. In India, there has been a pertinacious notion that RD deserves higher priority and larger resources than it has received yet. Consequently, rural societies tend to remain on the margin of the national development framework and bear the costs without benefitting from it. The following study endeavours to bring an informative perspective on the developmental disparities found across the study area and factors that are likely to hinder the homogenous development process across a typical planning area like a district. Authors have used qualitative as well as statistical methods of analysis to interpret the data wherein illustrations have been drawn from field-based studies. To measure the developmental disparities thirty variables have been considered under seven major indicators, Z-score and Composite Standard Score (CSS) have also been worked out using MS Excel 2013 while for the purpose of tabulation and map generation, MS Word 2013 and Arc GIS 10.1 software were used, respectively. We found that villages in the vicinity of the district headquarters or other urban centre/s, with better road and transport connectivity, and diverse social base show fair development levels compared to villages that do not have these characteristics and relatively lie in isolation. © 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V.
Analytical study of weakly nonlinear mass transfer in rotating fluid layer under time-periodic concentration/gravity modulation
(Elsevier Ltd, 2017) Gupta, Vinod K.; Kumar, Anand; Singh, A.K.
The article deals with a weakly nonlinear stability analysis in rotating fluid subjected to time-periodic concentration/gravity modulation. Navier–Stoke's momentum equation with Coriolis term has been used to describe the flow. The system is considered rotating about z-axis with uniform angular velocity. We consider three types of imposed time-periodic boundary concentration (ITBC). The effect of time dependent sinusoidal gravitational acceleration i.e. imposed time-periodic gravity modulation (ITGM) is also studied in this problem. In the case of ITBC, the concentration gradient between the plates of the fluid layer consists of a steady part and a time-dependent periodic part. The concentration of both plates is modulated in this case. In the problem involving ITGM, the gravity field has two parts: a constant part and an externally imposed time-periodic part. The Ginzburg–Landau amplitude equation is obtained by using power series expansion in terms of the amplitude of modulation, which is assumed to be small. The individual effects of concentration and gravity modulation on mass transports have been investigated in terms of Sherwood number. Further, the effects of various parameters on mass transports have been analyzed and depicted graphically. It is found that the effect of increasing Taylor number is decreases the value of Sherwood number. Effect of Schmidt number and various parameters occurring in the system on mass transfer is also discussed. Further, it is found that the mass transport can be controlled by suitably adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the modulation. © 2017 Elsevier Ltd
Anti-thrombotic effects of selective estrogen receptor modulator tamoxifen
(2011) Nayak, Manasa K.; Singh, Sunil K.; Roy, Arnab; Prakash, Vivek; Kumar, Anand; Dash, Debabrata
Tamoxifen is a known anti-cancer drug and established estrogen receptor modulator. Few clinical studies have earlier implicated the drug in thrombotic complications attributable to lower anti-thrombin and protein S levels in plasma. However, action of tamoxifen on platelet signaling machinery has not been elucidated in detail. In the present report we show that tamoxifen is endowed with significant inhibitory property against human platelet aggregation. From a series of in vivo and in vitro studies tamoxifen was found to inhibit almost all platelet functions, prolong tail bleeding time in mouse and profoundly prevent thrombus formation at injured arterial wall in mice, as well as on collagen matrix perfused with platelet-rich plasma under arterial shear against the vehicle dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). These findings strongly suggest that tamoxifen significantly downregulates platelet responses and holds potential as a promising anti-platelet/anti-thrombotic agent. © Schattauer 2011.
Assessment of non-motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease and their impact on the quality of life: An observatiobnal study
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Kumar, Anand; Patil, Sooraj; Singh, Varun K.; Pathak, Abhishek; Chaurasia, Rameshwar Nath; Mishra, Vijaya N.; Joshi, Deepika
Background: During the past decade the view of Parkinson's disease (PD) as a motor disorder has changed significantly and currently it is recognized as a multisystem disorder with diverse non-motor symptoms (NMS). Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate and characterize the NMS and study their impact on quality of life (QoL) in a PD patient cohort. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study where 92 PD patients fulfilling the UK Parkinson's disease society brain bank criteria were enrolled from a movement disorder clinic. All patients were evaluated using unified Parkinson's disease rating scale, non-motor symptoms scale (NMSS) for the non-motor symptoms, and Parkinson's disease questionnaire-39 (PDQ-39) for the QoL. The impact of NMS on QoL was assessed statistically. Results: A total of 92 patients were enrolled with a mean age of 55.40 ± 7.37 years, mean age of onset of disease 51.62 ± 6.38 years, and mean disease duration of 3.78 ± 1.54 years. Type of disease was akinetic rigid variant in 29.3% (n = 27), tremor predominant type in 36.9%(n = 34), and mixed type in 33.6% (n = 31). Mean Hoehn and Yahr stage was 2.12 ± 0.54. In the NMSS, most common symptom was sleep and fatigue (83%), followed by urinary tract symptoms (63%), mood and cognition (51%), cardiovascular symptoms and falls (43%), gastrointestinal tract symptoms (38%), and sexual function (33%). Univariate analyses showed that all NMS domains had a significant correlation with PDQ-39 with P < 001. Conclusion: Our study shows that NMS in PDare fairly common and significantly impact the QoL. © 2022 Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology.
Association of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Gene rs4680 Polymorphism and Levodopa Induced Dyskinesia in Parkinson’s Disease: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review
(SAGE Publications Inc., 2023) Dwivedi, Archana; Dwivedi, Nidhi; Kumar, Anand; Singh, Varun K.; Pathak, Abhishek; Chaurasia, R.N.; Mishra, V.N.; Mohanty, Sujata; Joshi, Deepika
Introduction: Long-term levodopa therapy for Parkinson’s disease (PD) can cause levodopa induced dyskinesia (LID). Genetic predisposition has a significant role to play in inter-individual heterogeneity in the clinical manifestation of LID. Despite accumulating evidence for the role of COMT gene polymorphism (rs4680) as a genetic basis for LID, to date results have been inconsistent. Early assessment of the Catechol-O-Methyltransferase (COMT) genotype might be helpful to stratify PD patients concerning their individual risk for LID. Method: In this meta-analysis, we have used 9 studies, which were selected through online databases. Statistical analysis was performed using R (v-3.6) software. 5 genetic models have been used in the present study: Allele model (A vs. G), Dominant model (AA+AG vs. GG), Homozygote model (AA vs. GG), Co-dominant/heterozygote model (AG vs. GG), and Recessive model (AA vs. AG + GG). Results: The results indicated a significant association between COMT rs4680 (Val158Met) polymorphism and LID risk. The genotype AA of COMT rs4680 is a risk factor for LID in PD patients under the recessive model (AA vs GG+AG) in the random-effect model. Analysis based on ethnicity showed that COMT rs4680 SNP allele A is a risk factor for LID development in Asian PD patients, while GG genotype is a risk factor for LID development in non-Asian PD patients using different genetic models. Conclusion: The results of the present meta-analysis support that the COMT Val158Met polymorphism is a risk factor for the development of LID in PD patients having ethnic variations. © The Author(s) 2022.
Augmentation gastroplasty using a segment of transverse colon for corrosive gastric stricture
(2006) Kumar, Anand; Ansari, Mumtaz; Shukla, Dinesh; Tripathi, Anuj Kumar; Shyam, Rohit
Background and aims: Diffuse corrosive gastric stricture is a relatively rare entity, and gastric ablative procedures are traditionally recommended for it. We emphasize the importance of preservation of a cicatrized stomach and describe its augmentation using a segment of transverse colon. Case report and procedure: A young female with a history of corrosive acid ingestion presented to our surgical unit with nonbilious vomiting following meals, consistent weight loss and features of gastric outlet obstruction. A barium study revealed a small-capacity stomach with pyloric stricture. We planned to augment the stomach capacity by using a segment of transverse colon. After documentation of a normal colon by barium examination, a 15-cm segment of transverse colon was harvested based on middle colic artery. This vascularized patch of bowel was united with the stomach that was opened up by a longitudinal incision made along the body. Result and finding: A barium study on the tenth postoperative day revealed a good capacity and contour of the stomach and free entry of Barium into the small intestine. The patient is tolerating a normal meal and has no vomiting. At 3 months follow-up, the patient had a normal stomach radiologically and endoscopically, with a weight gain of 7 kg. Conclusions: Augmentation of corrosive gastric stricture by a segment of transverse colon is an innovative, practical, and useful procedure, although long-term results are awaited. © Springer-Verlag 2005.
Avulsion Injuries Of Penis
(Georg Thieme Verlag, 2024) Kumar, Anand; Singh, P.B.; Khanna, N.N.
[No abstract available]
Bell Phenomenon with Normal Smile
(Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2024) Singh, Varun Kumar; Batra, Pranjali; Chaurasia, Rameshwar Nath; Pathak, Abhishek; Kumar, Anand
A 52-year-old man presented with insidious-onset progressive inability to close the right eyelid. He did not have drooling of saliva from the right corner of mouth, difficulty in blowing cheeks, loss of taste perception, or inability to frown. On neurologic examination, pinprick and temperature sensation was decreased overlying the right angle of mandible. He had the Bell phenomenon on the right side, thickened right greater auricular nerve, and bilateral palpable supraorbital nerve (Figure 1). The remainder of the neurologic examination was normal. The differential diagnosis included autoimmune, infectious, vasculitic, and neoplastic neuropathies. The clinical features of thickened peripheral nerves and patchy involvement of the facial nerve with an otherwise normal serologic and neurophysiologic evaluation in an area where leprosy is still endemic suggested the diagnosis of leprous cranial neuritis. The preferential involvement of the zygomatic branch of facial nerve by leprous bacilli is attributed to low temperature in the area.1 He was started on rifampicin 600 mg and clofazimine 300 mg once monthly and clofazimine 50 mg and dapsone 100 mg once daily. Right eye closure weakness improved at 3 months of follow-up (Figure 2). © American Academy of Neurology.
Brown-Vialetto-Van Laere Syndrome: A Rare, Potentially Treatable Neurometabolic Disorder!
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2023) Parida, Swati; Kumar, Anand; Singh, Varun Kumar; Pattanayak, Sabyasachi; Khatri, Aparna; Joshi, Deepika
[No abstract available]
Caregiver burden in caregivers of stroke survivors: A hospital-based study
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Kumar, Anand; Yadav, Ajay; Singh, Varun; Pathak, Abhishek; Chaurasia, Rameshwar; Mishra, Vijaya; Joshi, Deepika
Background: A principal caregiver (CG) is directly affected by the patient's health problems leading to CG strain. In the present study, we evaluated the different factors related to increased CG burden in stroke survivors and assessed the relationship between patient's personal and clinical characteristics and CG's stress. Material and Methods: In this prospective, follow-up study, a total of 141 principle CGs of 164 First-ever stroke (FES) survivors were subjected to the Caregivers Strain Index (CSI) and Oberst Caregiving Burden Scale (OCBS) at 30 days (n = 141), 90 days (n = 129), and 6 months (n = 119) after informed consent. Patients were subjected to modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Barthel index score assessment at the end of 30 days. Results: The mean age of CG was 49.8 ± 21.0 years, approximately 20 years lesser than that of the patients. 102 (72.34%) CGs were females. Urinary incontinence (p < 0.006) morbidity at 30 days, mRS (p = 0.004), and moderate to the severe neurological deficit on admission (p = 0.003) were the patient factors in FES cases leading to significant CGs stress. CG factors responsible for major stress were long caregiving hours (P < 0.001), anxiety (P < 0.001), disturbed night sleep (P < 0.001), financial stress (P < 0.001), younger age (P = 0.002), and CGs being daughters-in-law (P = 0.039). Conclusion: CG burden increases with increased severity of stroke. Integrated stroke rehabilitation services should also address CGs issues along with patients. © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
Cholecysto-hydatid cyst fistula
(2004) Kumar, Anand; Upadhyaya, Divya Narain; Singh, Seema; Kumar, Mohan; Ansari, Mumtaz Ahmad
A 27-year-old woman developed recurrent hydatid of liver. CT scan showed unilocular cysts in segments IV and VII. Intraoperatively, there was a fistulous communication between the gall bladder and the cyst in segment IV. Partial pericystectomy along with cholecystectomy was done for the segment IV cyst; percutaneous aspiration, instillation and re-aspiration using hypertonic saline was done for the cyst in segment VII. This was followed by albendazole treatment.
Clinical Profile and Diffusion Tensor Imaging in Patients of Subacute Sclerosing Pan Encephalitis: A Prospective Follow-up Study from Eastern Part of India
(Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications, 2022) Saurabh, Kumar; Singh, Varun; Pathak, Abhishek; Chaurasia, Rameshwar; Verma, Ashish; Mishra, Vijay; Joshi, Deepika; Kumar, Anand
Background: Subacute Sclerosing Pan Encephalitis (SSPE) may present with atypical clinical features and lead to diagnostic dilemma. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be normal in early stage of SSPE. Objective: The aim of this work was to study the demography, clinical profile including atypical features of SSPE patients, and the utility of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) as an adjunctive diagnostic tool to the anti-measles antibody and conventional MRI. Material and Methods: Consecutive 25 patients of SSPE were included. Clinical details were recorded at baseline and 6 months follow-up. Anti-measles antibody in serum and CSF, CSF/Serum Quotient reference (CSQ ref), and radiological details including comparison of DTI between SSPE patients and controls were also noted. Results: Of 25 patients, 17 (68%) were male. The most common presenting feature at onset was myoclonus with or without falls (13, 52%). Atypical features such as seizure, hemiparesis, and visual problems were present in 28% patients. At 6 months, 9 patients had progressive course (6 expired), 10 were static, and 6 lost to follow-up. MRI was normal in 8 (32%) patients (stage 2/3- 7/1). On comparison between SSPE patients (N = 10) and control (N = 10) groups, fractional anisotropy (FA), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values were reduced and elevated, respectively, at most of the regions of interest with significant difference at many sites. Conclusions: A significant number of patients (28%) had atypical features at onset. DTI is an adjunctive tool which supplements the conventional MRI and increase diagnostic yield. It may be a future option to assess disease progression and treatment response. © 2022 Neurology India, Neurological Society of India.
Clinico-radiological factors associated with aphasia outcome in post stroke patients: A prospective follow up study from eastern part of India
(Churchill Livingstone, 2024) Agrawal, Mukund; Singh, Varun Kumar; Verma, Ashish; Pathak, Abhishek; Kumar, Anand; Joshi, Deepika; Mishra, Vijaya Nath; Chaurasia, Rameshwar Nath
Background: Aphasia is a language disorder acquired secondary to brain damage. This study aims to evaluate clinical and radiological profile of patients with post stroke aphasia and factors affecting its recovery. Methods: We conducted a prospective study of patients with first left Middle or Anterior Cerebral Artery infarct or Intracerebral Hemorrhage (ICH) with aphasia admitted within 14 days of stroke onset. Aphasia Quotient (AQ) was assessed at 2 weeks (AQ1) and 3 months (AQ2) using Western Aphasia Battery-Hindi version. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of brain with Diffusion Tensor Imaging (DTI) of bilateral Arcuate Fasciculus (AF) and Corticospinal Tract was done at admission, and stroke volume, Laterality Indices of Fractional Anisotropy (LI-FA), Mean Diffusivity (LI-MD), Radial Diffusivity (LI-RD), Axial Diffusivity (LI-AD) and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient (LI-ADC) were obtained. Results: 36 patients [8 ICH and 28 Acute Ischemic Stroke (AIS)] were included. AQ1 and AQ2 were significantly higher in subcortical stroke than cortical. AQ2 and increase in AQ scores (including its subscores) were significantly higher in ICH than AIS. National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score at admission and volume of stroke had significant negative correlation with AQ1 and AQ2. Laterality Index of Fractional Anisotropy of Arcuate Fasciculus [LI-FA (AF)] had significant positive correlation with AQ2 and naming score at 3 months. Laterality Index of Mean Diffusivity of Arcuate Fasciculus [LI-MD (AF)] had significant negative correlation with AQ1, AQ2 and all subcomponents of AQ2. Significant positive correlation was seen between improvements in Modified Rankin Scale score and AQ. Conclusion: The study shows that DTI can be used to predict severity of aphasia at follow up and recovery in language and motor functions occur in parallel © 2024 Elsevier Ltd
Clinicoradiological comparative study of Aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and MOG antibody associated disease (MOGAD): A prospective observational study and review of literature
(Elsevier B.V., 2021) NAGIREDDY, Ram Bhupal Reddy; Kumar, Anand; Singh, Varun Kumar; Prasad, Rajniti; Pathak, Abhishek; Chaurasia, Rameshwar Nath; Mishra, Vijaya Nath; Joshi, Deepika
Neuromyelitis Optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD) are autoimmune inflammatory central nervous system diseases. NMOSD patients typically have recurrent attacks of severe optic neuritis or/and myelitis with majority of them having autoantibodies against the aquaporin-4 (AQP4). In the recent past, a robust association of autoantibodies to full-length human myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) with optic neuritis, myelitis and brainstem encephalitis, as well as with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM)-like presentations had been demonstrated. MOG-IgG antibody associated disease (MOGAD) is now considered as a disease entity in its own right, distinct from classic MS and from AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD. Here, we compared the clinical, laboratory, radiological features and treatment outcomes of patients with Aquaporin-4-IgG seropositive NMOSD and MOGAD. Relatively younger age at onset, lesser number of relapses, better response to treatment and favorable clinical outcomes were found in MOGAD group in comparison to AQP4-IgG-positive NMOSD group. © 2021 Elsevier B.V.

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