Browsing by Author "Maitra, Sagar"

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    Balanced and Secure Micronutrients in Crop Field Influence the Efficient Utilization of Macronutrients or Vice-Versa
    (wiley, 2022) Hossain, Akbar; Islam, Mst Tanjina; Islam, Md Sohidul; Bhatt, Rajan; Sarker, Sukamal; Maitra, Sagar; Meena, Ram Swaroop
    In agriculture, the exceptional significance of micronutrient is unavoidable, as plant relies primarily on micronutrient. Although required in small amounts of micronutrients, viz., B, Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, they have a prominent role to play in improving yield potentials under stressed conditions. There is a large number of elements in nature out of which 16 are important for the proper growth and development of crop plants. Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potash, Calcium, Magnesium, and Sulfur are called macro- or major nutrients and required in comparatively large amounts. Iron, Copper, Zinc, Boron, Molybdenum, Manganese, and Chloride are the micro- or minor nutrients required in smaller quantities for the vegetative and reproductive growth of crop plants. C, H, and O contribute 85-90% of the total plant content. N gives dark green color to crop plants and it increases the vegetative growth of crop plants. It is most important for the preparation of starch in leaves and the production of amino acids. P is the constituent of certain nucleic acids, phosphatides, chromosomes, and co-enzymes. P works as a catalyst in about 60 enzymatic systems of the plants and regulates the water in plants and reduces the negative effects of salts in the plants. Ca is the important constituent of the plant cell wall and it promotes early root growth and development. In consideration of the important role micronutrients have in promoting and maintaining human health, more research is needed to determine the advantages of using the optimum level of micronutrients instead of their critical level as an indicator with regard to yield, quality, and enrichment objectives for the future. � The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
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    Cost-Effective and Eco-Friendly Agricultural Technologies in Rice-Wheat Cropping Systems for Food and Environmental Security
    (Springer Singapore, 2021) Hossain, Akbar; Bhatt, Rajan; Sarkar, Sukamal; Barman, Manashi; Majumder, Debjyoti; Saha, Saikat; Islam, Mst. Tanjina; Maitra, Sagar; Meena, Ram Swaroop
    Both rice and wheat in the �rice-wheat cropping systems� (RWCS) of South Asia and China feed more than 3.1 billion people. It is the most productive and vital agricultural systems worldwide to meet the food safety of the growing population.Although the RWCS have great concern for food security, however, one of the foremost complications in the systems is that soils are puddled with repeated tillage by the traditional way for transplanting rice seedlings which lead to alteration in soil physical and chemical properties. Besides these, repeated tillages for puddling create a hard plow pan layer at the root zone of the rice plant that creates poor infiltration and waterlogging for the next dry season crop particularly wheat. Farmers in the systems generally use excessive synthetic fertilizers and pesticides for getting higher yield for both rice and wheat. As a result, repeatedtillage and also imbalance application of inorganic fertilizers and pesticides increase the production cost as well as influence greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Since the systems have several hostile effects on the environment due to traditional farming, it is already confirmed that the systems are the key source of food production for more than 3.1 billion people in the countries of South and Southeast Asia. Therefore, it will not be a wise decision to replace the system from the regions. In the meantime, researchers have recommended numerous advanced technologies in the RWCS for sustainable rice and wheat production. The chapter discusses cost-effective and ecological-friendly technologies for RWCS of South Asia for food and environmental security. � The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021.
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    Legumes for nutrient management in the cropping system
    (Elsevier, 2022) Hossain, Akbar; Maitra, Sagar; Ahmed, Sharif; Mitra, Biplab; Ahmad, Zahoor; Garai, Sourav; Mondal, Mousumi; Adeel, Muhammad; Shankar, Tanmoy; Meena, Ram�Swaroop
    Several estimations projected that the population across the globe is an approach to reach 9.6 billion by 2050, which will create great challenges particularly food security under the situation of climate change; ultimately lead to influence greenhouse gases (GHGs) emission as a result of intensive farming systems with traditional technologies. Legumes are the third biggest family of plants and play significant roles in food and environmental safety including: (1) as a chief source of plant proteins for both human beings and animals, owing to convert atmospheric nitrogen (N) via biological nitrogen fixation (BNF); (2) legumes based production systems release a lower level of GHGs, since legumes-based system need a reduced level of inorganic fertilizer, particularly N-based fertilizer; and (3) legume-based cropping systems increase soil health, through adding more soil organic matter, improve N and phosphorus (P) availability for plants by several ways such as adding N-containing biomass as well as discharging hydrogen gas during BNF, which encourages to bacterial for the formation of more nodules� in the rhizosphere of legumes. An estimation revealed that legumes in rice (Oryza sativa)�bean (Phaseolus spp.) and rice�vetch (Vicia spp.) cropping sequence enhanced N in rice residues ranges from 1.87 to 1.93 g N kg?1 soil. The current chapter emphasizes the roles of legumes in farming systems as a means of N supplier for the sustainability of crop production under the changing climate. � 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.