Browsing by Author "Mishra, Vaibhav"

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    Persistent Health Issues, Adverse Events, and Effectiveness of Vaccines during the Second Wave of COVID-19: A Cohort Study from a Tertiary Hospital in North India
    (MDPI, 2022) Kaur, Upinder; Bala, Sapna; Joshi, Aditi; Reddy, Noti Taruni Srija; Japur, Chetan; Chauhan, Mayank; Pedapanga, Nikitha; Kumar, Shubham; Mukherjee, Anurup; Mishra, Vaibhav; Talda, Dolly; Singh, Rohit; Gupta, Rohit Kumar; Yadav, Ashish Kumar; Rana, Poonam Jyoti; Srivastava, Jyoti; Bhat K, Shobha; Singh, Anup; Naveen Kumar P., G.; Pandey, Manoj; Patwardhan, Kishor; Kansal, Sangeeta; Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra
    Background There is paucity of real-world data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness from cohort designs. Variable vaccine performance has been observed in test-negative case-control designs. There is also scarce real-world data of health issues in individuals receiving vaccines after prior COVID-19, and of adverse events of significant concern (AESCs) in the vaccinated. Methods: A cohort study was conducted from July 2021 to December 2021 in a tertiary hospital of North India. The primary outcome was vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 during the second wave in India. Secondary outcomes were AESCs, and persistent health issues in those receiving COVID-19 vaccines. Regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors of COVID-19 outcomes and persistent health issues. Results: Of the 2760 health care workers included, 2544 had received COVID-19 vaccines, with COVISHIELD (rChAdOx1-nCoV-19 vaccine) received by 2476 (97.3%) and COVAXIN (inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine) by 64 (2.5%). A total of 2691 HCWs were included in the vaccine effectiveness analysis, and 973 COVID-19 events were reported during the period of analysis. Maximum effectiveness of two doses of vaccine in preventing COVID-19 occurrence was 17% across three different strategies of analysis adopted for robustness of data. One-dose recipients were at 1.27-times increased risk of COVID-19. Prior SARS-CoV-2 infection was a strong independent protective factor against COVID-19 (aOR 0.66). Full vaccination reduced moderate�severe COVID-19 by 57%. Those with lung disease were at 2.54-times increased risk of moderate�severe COVID-19, independent of vaccination status. AESCs were observed in 33/2544 (1.3%) vaccinees, including one case each of myocarditis and severe hypersensitivity. Individuals with hypothyroidism were at 5-times higher risk and those receiving a vaccine after recovery from COVID-19 were at 3-times higher risk of persistent health issues. Conclusions: COVID-19 vaccination reduced COVID-19 severity but offered marginal protection against occurrence. The possible relationship of asthma and hypothyroidism with COVID-19 outcomes necessitates focused research. With independent protection of SARS-CoV-2 infection, and high-risk of persistent health issues in individuals receiving vaccine after recovery from SARS-CoV-2 infection, the recommendation of vaccinating those with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection needs reconsideration. � 2022 by the authors.
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    Sleep Disturbance�Induced Free Radical Formation in the Gut May Be Blocked by�Melatonin
    (Springer Science and Business Media B.V., 2021) Mishra, Vaibhav; Parikh, Meet; Akanksha, S.; Jha, Niraj Kumar; Kesari, Kavindra Kumar
    All animals�including humans, birds, reptiles, flies, and even worms (Caenorhabditis elegans)�not only require sleep but in fact spend nearly half of their lives asleep. This is why sleep attracts scientists and researchers to understand the basic mechanisms behind it. The sleeping brain not only stores collected information but also resets the circadian cycle. Earlier, it was believed that during sleep, the brain does not work, but now scientists realize that the brain actually works more while sleeping. According to literature reports, during sleep, the brain restores all of its data, receives new informative signals from different parts of the body, and sends them for storage. We now know that several pathways and biological agents are involved in sleep, and this has improved our understanding of the function(s) of sleep and sleep-related pathologies. In this chapter, we collate valuable information about all of the pathways that are possibly involved in sleep disruption and consequently influence generation of reactive oxygen species and gut microbes. We also discuss a therapeutic approach to scavenging of reactive oxygen species. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.