Browsing by Author "Mishra V."
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Item A Klebsiella rhizobacterium deregulates the metabolism of phytopathogenic Aspergillus flavus during in-vitro assays and confers protective functions(Elsevier B.V., 2024) Pandey S.P.; Singh S.; Khandwal D.; Mishra A.; Acharya B.S.; Bakshi S.; Kumar S.; Mishra V.; Sharma S.In previous investigations, we have identified a rhizobacterium (Klebsiella sp. MBE02) that confers host protection against several phytopathogenic fungi. For instance, this rhizobacterium prevents Aspergillus flavus infection and promotes peanut growth and fitness in controlled and field-conditions. The mechanistic basis of the protective function offered by this rhizobacterium is not completely understood. MBE02 directly restricts the growth of the pathogenic fungi, which led us to hypothesize that it may strongly dysregulate the metabolism of A. flavus, and inhibit critical metabolic processes of the fungus, which severely restricts pathogen growth. We have tested this hypothesis by using untargeted metabolite profiling. Sixty-nine A. flavus metabolites accumulated differentially due to the presence of the MBE02. MBE02 could inhibit several important metabolic pathways, which include the biosynthesis of critical primary metabolites such as amino acids and fatty acids. It also impacts energy metabolism of the fungus, and that the accumulation of several structural components, including of the cell wall, were strongly inhibited. MBE02 abrogated the accumulation of disease-causing metabolites in A. flavus, whereas the accumulation of metabolites that inhibit fungal growth were enhanced. On the other hand, A. flavus did not strikingly impact the accumulation of metabolites of the MBE02. Our investigation supports the hypothesis that Klebsiella sp. MBE02 mediates protective function by directly impairing the pathogen's metabolism. � 2024 The AuthorsItem A study of QECCs and EAQECCs construction from cyclic codes over the ring Fq+ v1Fq+ v2Fq+ ? + vsFq(Springer, 2024) Pandey O.P.; Pathak S.; Shukla A.K.; Mishra V.; Upadhyay A.K.In this paper, we present a construction of quantum error-correcting codes (QECCs) codes and entanglement-assisted quantum error-correcting (EAQECCs) using Euclidean hulls and sums of cyclic codes of length n over a family of ring Rs= Fq+ v1Fq+ v2Fq+ ? + vsFq , where q is an odd prime power and vi2=vi , vivj= vjvi= 0 , for i, j= 1 , 2 , 3 , ? , s and i? j . The study delves into various aspects of this construction. We explore the generator polynomials, the dimension of both Euclidean hulls and the sums of cyclic codes over the ring Rs . Further, we determine several new QECCs and EAQECCs. This paper claims that our obtained codes have improved parameters (e.g. higher minimum distance or greater dimension) than the existing quantum codes. Moreover, we present some detailed examples that effectively illustrate our findings. � 2024, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.Item Artificial intelligence in plant disease identification: Empowering agriculture(Academic Press Inc., 2024) Garg T.; Dwivedi P.; Mishra M.K.; Joshi N.C.; Shrivastava N.; Mishra V.The agricultural sector faces numerous challenges, such as infectious diseases, pest invasions, improper soil management, inadequate watering, and more. Among these, plant infectious diseases stand out as a leading cause of damage to crops. These diseases, impacting plants, result from various factors like genetics, soil composition, precipitation, moisture levels, humidity, temperature, and wind. In recent times, there has been a significant increase in the prevalence of plant infectious diseases. Pathogens like viruses, bacteria, and fungi consistently pose threats to plants, leading to substantial global crop yield losses during disease outbreaks. Unfortunately, disease identification and diagnosis typically occur at an advanced stage, causing significant agricultural setbacks. Given the impact of plant diseases on the nutritional value of fruits, vegetables, organic products, and cereals, timely identification is crucial during cultivation. Artificial intelligence (AI) has emerged as a pivotal tool in this context, leveraging its meticulous training capabilities for the effective identification of infectious plant diseases. This chapter illustrates how AI plays a vital role in identifying and diagnosing contagious plant diseases. � 2024 Elsevier LtdItem Bacterial diversity in rice field soil and sludge soil samples: a comparative metagenomics-based study(Institute of Physics, 2024) Singh N.; Singh V.; Mishra V.; Chaturvedi V.K.; Vamanu E.; Singh M.P.Soil contains several organic, and inorganic substances and a large number of bacterial diversity. This bacterial diversity is also involved in biomass degradation and plant growth promotion. Metagenomic sequencing was used to analyze bacterial diversity in the rice field soil and sludge samples. Amplicon sequencing of the V3-V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that representative sequences clustered were 0.4 million in both rice and sludge samples. The Venn diagram demonstrates the overall identified OTUs was 359 Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs). OTUs were classified into more than 30 phyla, 50 classes, and 90 genera. The metagenomic analysis revealed that 82 and 85 taxa are exclusively unique to the bacterial communities of the rice and sludge soils, respectively. The metagenomic study also revealed that Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria and other unknown bacteria were reported in 16S rRNA Illumina MiSeq in the sludge and rice soil samples. The most abundant groups in rice field soil were Proteobacteria, Chloroflexi, Acidobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Bacteroidetes which increase the soil nutrient and influence the growth of the plants. Bacteroidetes are the most dominant group in sludge soil than rice field soil. This comparative analysis provides insights into the ecological roles and adaptive strategies of soil bacteria in different environmental contexts, offering valuable information for sustainable soil management and bioremediation practices. � 2024 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.Item Biochemical characterization of plant secondary metabolites(Elsevier, 2024) Ramakrishna K.; Chakravarthi G.; Rai S.; Singh P.; Mishra S.; Mishra D.; Mishra V.; Vikram A.; Tiwari N.Plants are an integral part of human health. Plants secrete primary metabolites, which form secondary metabolites. These primary and secondary metabolites are used in nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, dyes, etc. A variety of phytochemicals such as alkaloids, phenols, glycosides, terpenes, lipids, oils, saponins, and carbohydrates are identified and some of them are preclinically and clinically validated. There is an increased interest in finding novel and potential molecules from plant sources to cure human illness. Hence, this chapter provides an understanding of secondary metabolites isolation, structural characterization (qualitative, quantitative, and dereplication), and biochemical characterization using in�silico, in�vitro, ex�vivo, and in�vivo tests for pharmacological and toxicological assessments. � 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Item Chitosan functionalized recyclable and eco-friendly nanoadsorbent for Pb(II) adsorption from water(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2024) Singh V.; Singh N.; Rai S.N.; Chaturvedi V.K.; Singh S.K.; Kumar A.; Vamanu E.; Mishra V.In the present study, MnO2 nanoparticles were synthesized using Citrus limetta peels extract and functionalized by chitosan polymer. Surface morphology analysis of chitosan functionalized MnO2 nanoparticles was carried out using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM), which revealed that the synthesized nanoparticles were spherical, with a size range of 14�24 nm. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis and elemental mapping were used to observe Mn, O, C, H, and N. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the presence of hydroxyl, carboxyl, and amino groups on the surface of the nanoparticles. The kinetics and isotherms were compared and it was found that the pseudo-second-order and Langmuir isotherm were the best fit, with R2 values of 0.99. The thermodynamic study demonstrated that the adsorption was endothermic and spontaneous. These findings indicate that chitosan functionalized nanoparticles have a better Pb(II) removal efficiency (94.40%), making them an eco-friendly and cost-effective alternative for wastewater treatment. Highlights Chitosan functionalized nanoadsorbent was synthesized through green route. Sorption mechanism explored through isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamic models. Synthesized adsorbent showed high Pb(II) removal capacity. � 2024 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.Item Functional Fluorescent Materials: Applications in Sensing, Bioimaging, and Optoelectronics(CRC Press, 2024) Mishra V.; Razi S.S.; Kumar A.Functional Fluorescent Materials: Applications in Sensing, Bioimaging, and Optoelectronics explains functional molecular probes (organic/inorganic materials, polymers, nanomaterials), with a focus on those that represent spectroscopic properties with detection of different analytes and specific roles in molecular recognition and their applications. It broadly covers molecular recognition to applications of fluorescence reporters, starting from optoelectronic properties of materials, detection of heavy metals, through biological macromolecules, and further to a living cell, tissue imaging, and theranostics. Features: � Covers different aspects of fluorescence spectroscopy ranging from chemical, physical, and biological aspects along with optoelectronic properties, mechanisms, and applications. � Describes all types of chemical and functionalized fluorescent nanomaterials. � Provides additional information on different kinds of fluorescence reporters. � Explains the concept of fluorescence spectroscopy and its role in human health care. � Discusses changes in static and dynamic properties of fluorescent probes and molecular recognitions. This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers in materials, chemical engineering, and engineering physics. � 2024 selection and editorial matter, Vivek Mishra, Syed Sibtay Razi, and Ajit Kumar; individual chapters, the contributors.Item Gastrointestinal mucormycosis presenting as melena in a patient with severe COVID 19(2024) Mishra V.; Chaubey M.; Gupta M.K.; Kumar V.; Chakravarty J.[No abstract available]Item Implementation of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) in microbiology(Academic Press Inc., 2024) Tripathi P.; Srivastava A.; Dubey C.K.; Mishra V.; Dwivedi S.; Madeshiya A.K.Artificial intelligence (AI) is the ability of a machine to perform a cognitive function that resembles the human brain. In today's world, AI is being largely applied in the field of medical science including clinical microbiology and environmental microbiology. According to a recent report by PwC Middle East, 2% of the total global benefit of AI which is about US$320 billion has been projected by 2030.With the help of AI in the medical field, the way of undertaking emergencies and life-threatening conditions has changed. Its applications include diagnosing patients, end-to-end drug discovery and development, improving communication between physician and patient, transcribing medical documents, such as prescriptions, and remotely treating patients. In this chapter, we discuss, what is AI and machine learning and how it is being implemented in the field of clinical microbiology, and environmental microbiology as well as where we need improvement. � 2024 Elsevier LtdItem Leveraging artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) for enhanced drug discovery and development from microbes(Academic Press Inc., 2024) Mishra V.; Mishra S.K.; Srivastava A.; Dubey C.K.; Dharmani K.; Chaturvedi N.Artificial intelligence (AI) can be a great helping hand in drug discovery research. Further AI concept is founded upon the idea that human thought and reasoning processes can be properly described, captured, and formally embedded into machines. Moreover, it's a branch of computer science and technology that deals with the creation and development of intelligent machines that can simulate human thinking and perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. Although, AI systems are designed to analyse data, learn from it, and make decisions or predictions based on the patterns they discover. Currently healthcare system is greatly influenced by the big data which is used for the development of drugs and prediction of microbial infectious disease. Additionally, the amalgamation of AI and microbiology exhibits great prospects in research and development, diagnose microbial infectious disease and treat patients remotely, improving communication between patient and clinicians, analysing the medical records, help clinicians to prescribe personalized medicines and develop precise drugs from microbial sources. Overall the field of microbiology has been significantly impacted by the emergence of advanced AI technologies. In this chapter, we discuss the applications of the AI and its advanced tool machine learning (ML) that has worked at an intersection with big data to provide reasonable solution to the health care system. We also, explore the fascinating application of AI and ML technologies in drug discovery from microbes that have been put used in current scenario. � 2024 Elsevier LtdItem miRNAs and Plant-Pathogen Interactions(CRC Press, 2024) Maurya B.; Mishra V.; Rai S.P.Food security and scarcity are one of the major challenges and main issues of the world. However, agriculture augmentation promotes plant stress via biotic and abiotic stresses. Plant pathogen is imposing serious biotic stresses which impacts severe crop losses including growth, plant yield, and productivity. Globally, 16% of yield is affected due to pathogen stress. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a well-characterized group of endogenously produced small interfering RNAs known for regulating their complementary both at the transcriptional and post-translational levels. The roles of miRNAs have been deciphered for their implication in a variety of responses such as immunity, disease resistance, physiology, and development by modulating several molecular and phytohormonal crosstalks during plant-pathogen interactions. Besides miRNAs encoded by the plants, pathogens also modulate host genes by encoding miRNAs to manipulate plant cells and facilitate the entry and hijacking of the plant cell. In this chapter, we summarize the advancement in the area of plant miRNAs, their roles, and the regulation of their respective targets under biotic stresses induced via plant-pathogenic interactions. Here, we also documented the role of plant miRNAs in immunity and disease resistance. The current chapter will provide the advancement in the area of miRNAs mediated gene regulation/silencing during plant-pathogen interactions along with novel techniques such as CRISPR/Cas, target mimic, and resistant target that will help us in the generation of pathogen-resistant crops which could provide immunity against pathogens. � 2025 selection and editorial matter, Peerzada Yasir Yousuf, Peerzada Arshid Shabir, and Khalid Rehman Hakeem; individual chapters, the contributors.Item Nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture: A double-edged sword(John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 2024) Shukla K.; Mishra V.; Singh J.; Varshney V.; Verma R.; Srivastava S.Nanotechnology is a rapidly developing discipline that has the potential to transform the way we approach problems in a variety of fields, including agriculture. The use of nanotechnology in sustainable agriculture has gained popularity in recent years. It has various applications in agriculture, such as the development of nanoscale materials and devices to boost agricultural productivity, enhance food quality and safety, improve the efficiency of water and nutrient usage, and reduce environmental pollution. Nanotechnology has proven to be very beneficial in this field, particularly in the development of nanoscale delivery systems for agrochemicals such as pesticides, fertilizers, and growth regulators. These nanoscale delivery technologies offer various benefits over conventional delivery systems, including better penetration and distribution, enhanced efficacy, and lower environmental impact. Encapsulating agrochemicals in nanoscale particles enables direct delivery to the targeted site in the plant, thereby reducing waste and minimizing off-target effects. Plants are fundamental building blocks of all ecosystems and evaluating the interaction between nanoparticles (NPs) and plants is a crucial aspect of risk assessment. This critical review therefore aims to provide an overview of the latest advances regarding the positive and negative effects of nanotechnology in agriculture. It also explores potential future research directions focused on ensuring the safe utilization of NPs in this field, which could lead to sustainable development. � 2024 Society of Chemical Industry. � 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.Item Natural Polymeric Nanoparticles for Brain Targeting(CRC Press, 2024) Pandit G.K.; Tiwari R.K.; Kumar A.; Singh V.; Ahmed G.; Kazmi S.; Irfan S.; Mishra V.; Singh A.K.; Singh S.; Singh M.Natural polymeric nanoparticles (NPNs) have arisen as promising transporters for brain focusing because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability (Singh et al., 2021a). These NPNs are produced using natural polymers like proteins, polysaccharides, and lipids, which proposition benefits over manufactured polymers concerning security and decreased immunogenicity. NPNs have the capacity to encapsulate various therapeutic agents, such as small molecules, peptides, and genes, and transport them to the brain in a targeted manner. Drug delivery to the brain is particularly challenging due to the presence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), which restricts the entry of many drugs into the central nervous system (CNS). Brain. Nevertheless, NPNs have been shown to defeat the BBB through different components, including dynamic focusing on, detached focusing on, and transcytosis. Dynamic focusing on includes the alteration of the NPN surface with ligands that explicitly tie to receptors on the BBB, prompting endocytosis and transport across the BBB. Latent focusing on exploits the improved porousness and maintenance impact, which brings about the amassing of NPNs in the cerebrum because of the sluggish leeway of bigger particles from the BBB. Transcytosis is a cycle where NPNs are taken up by cerebrum microvascular endothelial cells and afterward shipped across the BBB into the CNS. NPNs have been examined for different brain neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer�s disease, Parkinson�s disease, glioma, and various sclerosis. For instance, NPNs typifying little atom drugs, such as donepezil, have been shown to work on neurodegenerative disorders in Alzheimer�s disease models. Likewise, NPNs exemplifying restorative qualities have been utilized to convey quality treatment to the cerebrum for the treatment of Parkinson�s disease. NPNs have likewise been examined as vehicles for imaging specialists, for example, attractive reverberation imaging (X-ray) contrast specialists, and for the conveyance of radiotherapy to brain tumors. NPNs offer a promising methodology for brain targating because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability, and their capacity to embody differenttherupatic agents. The capacity of NPNs to penetrate in to the BBB and convey medications to the brain in a designated way has been shown in differentbrain disorders. brain However, additional research is required to enhance the design and formulation of NPNs for specific brain disorders and to fully realize their potential for drug delivery to the brain. � 2024 selection and editorial matter, Anurag Kumar Singh, Vivek K. Chaturvedi, and Jay Singh; individual chapters, the contributors.Item On a class of constacyclic codes and MDS code construction over p m [ u, v ] (u 2 - ? u, v 2 - ? v, u v - v u)(World Scientific, 2024) Mishra V.; Shukla A.K.; Pathak S.; Pandey O.P.; Upadhyay A.K.Let pm denote a finite field, where p is a prime and m is a positive integer. In this paper, we study idempotent decomposition of the finite, commutative, non-local ring, = pm[u,v]/(u2 - ?u,v2 - ?v,uv - vu)(Formula Presented), where ?,? pm - . This paper consists of the structure of ?-constacyclic (CC) codes over , where ? = ?1?1 + ?2?2 + ?3?3 + ?4?4(Formula Presented). The structure of dual of CC codes is used to determine the Euclidean hull of such codes. Then, the Hamming distance and symbol-pair distance for the ?-CC codes of length ps over is determined. Additionally, conditions for repeated root ?-CC code to be maximal distance separable (MDS) in terms of Hamming distance and symbol-pair distance are provided. Finally, we present examples of several linear and symbol-pair codes some of which are MDS with respect to Hamming and symbol-pair distance. � 2024 World Scientific Publishing Company.Item Plant miRNAs: Biogenesis, Mode of Action, and Their Role(CRC Press, 2024) Maurya B.; Sharma L.; Rai N.; Mishra V.; Kumar A.; Rai S.P.MicroRNA (miRNAs) are a highly conserved, small, non-coding, single-stranded, endogenous class of RNA molecules, which are ~ 21�23 bp long nucleotide sequences mainly present in animals, plants, and some viruses. In the case of plants, miRNAs are well recognized as essential genetic tools for improving crop productivity by regulating various gene expression processes including modification, translational inhibition, or translational repression. The miRNA genes are transcribed by DNA-dependent RNA polymerase II, and the resulting transcript is modified during transcription to form the main transcript. The multiple protein complexes DCL1 (DICER LIKE1), C2H2 Zink finger protein, SERRATE (SE), double-stranded RNA binding protein, and G-patch structural protein (TGH) recognize and cleave these pri-miRNAs, which have partially complementary paired hairpin structures, to produce the precursor of miRNA. The HEN1 protein (methyltransferase), which is essential for the modification and stabilization of double-stranded miRNA, also methylates the miRNA. The advancement of knowledge related to biogenesis of miRNAs and their mode of action has disclosed their involvement in various regulatory processes. There are two well-known vital modes of action of miRNA at the post-transcriptional level, one is transcript degradation and another is translational repression. The 5� UTR, coding regions, and gene promoters of their target genes have all been observed to interact with miRNA. There are many unanswered problems regarding miRNA synthesis and its method of action, particularly in relation to transcriptional control and other facets of RNA metabolism including splicing. The present book chapter summarizes the current knowledge about miRNA biogenesis and related molecular advancement along with their mode of action in plant morphogenesis processes. � 2025 selection and editorial matter, Peerzada Yasir Yousuf, Peerzada Arshid Shabir, and Khalid Rehman Hakeem; individual chapters, the contributors.Item Potable water production through a�low-cost single chamber solar still in north India(Springer, 2024) Mishra V.; Singh D.; Singh R.S.; Singh D.; Rene E.R.; Giri B.S.; Sharma S.; Mishra A.; Shukla H.The main aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a single slope solar still and to assess the effect of nanofluid on its performance. A single basin single slope solar still was designed and fabricated at the Department of Chemical Engineering, IET Lucknow. Its performance was assessed in terms of the�yield of potable water. The effect of various climatic parameters was also studied. Al2O3 nanofluid was used to enhance the�yield of the solar still. In the presence of nanofluid, the total yield of the solar still improved by 16.6%. Its economic feasibility was analyzed and reported. The portability of the�small size of solar stills, its�better economics, easy fabrication, and good performance make them very useful for industrial as well as�household purposes. � The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.Item Item Synthesis, In-Silico Molecular Docking Studies, and In-Vitro Antimicrobial Evaluation of Isatin Scaffolds bearing 1, 2, 3-Triazoles using Click Chemistry(Springer, 2024) Anand R.; Yadav N.; Mudgal D.; Jindal S.; Sengupta S.; Kumar D.; Singh J.; Panday N.K.; Mishra V.Bacterial infections continue to present a formidable challenge to human health, prompting intensified research efforts towards the development of effective antibacterial agents. This study harnesses click chemistry techniques to synthesize Isatin-1,2,3-triazole as a novel antibacterial agent, evaluating its in vitro efficacy against prevalent pathogens including Gram-negative (Escherichiacoli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcusaureus) strains using both the microdilution and well-diffusion methods. The findings reveal a notable enhancement in antibacterial activity upon incorporation of the triazole moiety into the Isatin framework against both E. coli and S. aureus. Further analysis, including structure�activity relationship studies and molecular docking investigations, highlights the superior antibacterial potency of triazole-tethered Isatin tosyl azide compared to N-propargyl Isatin. Molecular docking simulations with Staphylococcusaureus (PDB ID: 4TU5) and Escherichiacoli (PDB ID: 6YD9) proteins exhibit promising binding affinities of ? 10.44�kJ/mol and ? 8.4�kJ/mol, respectively. Isatin triazole demonstrates favorable gastrointestinal absorption properties, low toxicity profiles, adherence to Lipinski's rule of five, and compliance with Veber and Ghose standards. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations attest to the stability of protein complexes over a 100�ns timeframe. Collectively, these findings underscore the therapeutic potential of Isatin triazole compounds against bacterial infections, warranting further clinical exploration to elucidate their mechanisms of action and therapeutic efficacy. Graphical Abstract: (Figure presented.) � Association of Microbiologists of India 2024.Item Unravelling the gut microbiome: Connecting with AI for deeper insights(Academic Press Inc., 2024) Mishra V.; Atri C.; Pandey R.; Srivastava A.Artificial intelligence (AI) remains a relatively unfamiliar concept for many, but its significance in the biomedical field is gaining recognition as the world undergoes transformative changes. Furthermore, AI possesses the potential to emulate critical thinking, reasoning, problem-solving abilities, and logical capacities of machines. Additionally, in the realm of gut microbiota research, AI emerges as a valuable asset. The synergy between gut microbes and AI not only holds promise for treating diverse gastroenterological diseases but also aids in comprehending the intricate relationships between gut microbes and microbes of resides into the other body parts. Moreover, AI facilitates a deeper understanding of different facets within gut-microbes interaction research. These direct communications are governed by chemical messengers, hormones, and neurotransmitters, detectable through biosensor chips employing machine learning (ML). Additionally, the indirect regulation of gut function by the brain via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis can be analysed using different computational models. This promising prospect remains largely unexplored, and in this chapter, our aim is to delve into and harness the potential of AI in gut microbial research. � 2024 Elsevier Ltd
