Browsing by Author "Pandey K."
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Item A phase II, non-comparative randomised trial of two treatments involving liposomal amphotericin B and miltefosine for post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in India and Bangladesh(Public Library of Science, 2024) Sundar S.; Pandey K.; Mondal D.; Madhukar M.; Topno R.K.; Kumar A.; Kumar V.; Verma D.K.; Chakravarty J.; Chaubey R.; Kumari P.; Rashid M.U.; Maruf S.; Ghosh P.; Raja S.; Rode J.; Boer M.D.; Das P.; Alvar J.; Rijal S.; Alves F.Background In Southeast Asia, treatment is recommended for all patients with post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). Adherence to the first-line regimen, twelve weeks of miltefosine (MF), is low and ocular toxicity has been observed with this exposure period. We assessed the safety and efficacy of two shorter-course treatments: liposomal amphotericin B (LAmB) alone and combined with MF. Methodology/Principal findings An open-label, phase II, randomized, parallel-arm, non-comparative trial was conducted in patients with parasitologically confirmed PKDL, 6 to ?60 years. Patients were assigned to 20 mg/kg LAmB (total dose, in five injections over 15 days) alone or combined with allome-tric MF (3 weeks). The primary endpoint was definitive cure at 12 months, defined as complete resolution of papular and nodular lesions and >80% re-pigmentation of macular lesions. Definitive cure at 24 months was a secondary efficacy endpoint. 118/126 patients completed the trial. Definitive cure at 12 months was observed in 29% (18/63) patients receiving LAmB and 30% (19/63) receiving LAmB/MF (mITT), increasing to 58% and 66%, respectively, at 24 months. Most lesions had resolved/improved at 12 and 24 months for patients receiving LAmB (90%, 83%) and LAmB/MF (85%, 88%) by qualitative assessment. One death, unrelated to study drugs, was reported; no study drug-related serious adverse events were observed. The most frequent adverse drug reactions were MF-related vomiting and nausea, and LAmB-related hypokalaemia and infusion reactions. Most adverse events were mild; no ocular adverse events occurred. Conclusions/Significance Both regimens are suitably safe and efficacious alternatives to long-course MF for PKDL in South Asia. � 2024 Sundar et al.Item Biotene: Earth-Abundant 2D Material as Sustainable Anode for Li/Na-Ion Battery(American Chemical Society, 2024) Pramanik A.; Mahapatra P.L.; Tromer R.; Xu J.; Costin G.; Li C.; Saju S.; Alhashim S.; Pandey K.; Srivastava A.; Vajtai R.; Galvao D.S.; Tiwary C.S.; Ajayan P.M.Natural ores are abundant, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly. Ultrathin (2D) layers of a naturally abundant van der Waals mineral, Biotite, have been prepared in bulk via exfoliation. We report here that this 2D Biotene material has shown extraordinary Li-Na-ion battery anode properties with ultralong cycling stability. Biotene shows 302 and 141 mAh g-1 first cycle-specific charge capacity for Li- and Na-ion battery applications with ?90% initial Coulombic efficiency. The electrode exhibits significantly extended cycling stability with ?75% capacity retention after 4000 cycles even at higher current densities (500-2000 mA g-1). Further, density functional theory studies show the possible Li intercalation mechanism between the 2D Biotene layers. Our work brings new directions toward designing the next generation of metal-ion battery anodes. � 2024 American Chemical Society.Item Physical and Mental Health Status of Tribal People in Odisha: A Systematic Literature Review(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Behera N.; Pandey K.; Shankar S.Background: India has the world�s second-largest tribal population, making it imperative to study and understand the health issues of tribal communities. However, the extent of physical and mental health issues is relatively unknown in the country, especially in the tribal-dominated state of Odisha. With this idea, we systematically reviewed the studies associated with the physical and mental health conditions of Tribals in Odisha. Objective: The present systematic review aims to analyze research articles associated with physical and mental health and provide a comprehensive health status of tribal people in Odisha. Design: Systematic literature review (SLR). Data Sources: The studies were searched through the 10 major scientific databases (ProQuest, Google Scholar, Scopus, PubMed, CENTRAL, DARE, Embase, PsycINFO, Medline, and CINAHL) with specific journal websites. Papers published from 2010 to the present in English with peer-reviewed journals were considered for eligibility. Review Methods: Adhering to preferred reporting items for systematic reviews (PRISMA), twenty-five articles that met inclusion criteria were extracted and assessed the risk of bias by the authors. Results: The study analyzed 25 papers on tribal communities in Odisha, revealing various physical and mental health issues such as TB, malaria, infestations, and infections. Low socio-economic conditions, lack of education, societal customs, poor hygiene, malnutrition, unsanitary living conditions, and food insecurity are the causes of prone to disease. For treatment, they use different types of traditional methods such as wild-ant chutney for cough, Amar poi leaves for diarrhea, and Ganagasiuli leaves juice for malaria and fever. Tribal communities also suffer from different types of mental health issues like stress, depression, and bipolar disorder. Conclusion: To change perceptions, address superstitions, and enhance mental and physical health in Odisha�s tribal communities, the government should prioritize education, implement community therapy, and devise comprehensive socioeconomic development plans. � The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.Item Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) drug efficacy study landscape: A systematic scoping review of clinical trials and observational studies to assess the feasibility of establishing an individual participant-level data (IPD) platform(Public Library of Science, 2024) Singh-Phulgenda S.; Kumar R.; Dahal P.; Munir A.; Rashan S.; Chhajed R.; Naylor C.; Maguire B.J.; Siddiqui N.A.; Harriss E.; Rahi M.; Alves F.; Sundar S.; Stepniewska K.; Musa A.; Guerin P.J.; Pandey K.Background Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) is a dermatosis which can occur after successful treatment of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and is a public health problem in VL endemic areas. We conducted a systematic scoping review to assess the characteristics of published PKDL clinical studies, understand the scope of research and explore the feasibility and value of developing a PKDL individual patient data (IPD) platform. Methods A systematic review of published literature was conducted to identify PKDL clinical studies by searching the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Ovid Embase, Web of Science Core Collection, WHO Global Index Medicus, PASCAL, Clinicaltrials.gov, Ovid Global Health, Cochrane Database and CENTRAL, and the WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Only prospective studies in humans with PKDL diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up measurements between January 1973 and March 2023 were included. Extracted data includes variables on patient characteristics, treatment regimens, diagnostic methods, geographical locations, efficacy endpoints, adverse events and statistical methodology. Results A total of 3,418 records were screened, of which 56 unique studies (n = 2,486 patients) were included in this review. Out of the 56 studies, 36 (64.3%) were from India (1983�2022), 12 (21.4%) from Sudan (1992�2021), 6 (10.7%) were from Bangladesh (1991�2019), and 2 (3.6%) from Nepal (2001�2007). Five (8.9%) studies were published between 1981�1990 (n = 193 patients), 10 (17.9%) between 1991�2000 (n = 230 patients), 10 (17.9%) between 2001�2010 (n = 198 patients), and 31 (55.4%) from 2011 onwards (n = 1,865 patients). Eight (14.3%) were randomised clinical trials, and 48 (85.7%) were non-randomised studies. The median post-treatment follow-up duration was 365 days (range: 90�540 days) in 8 RCTs and 360 days (range: 28�2,373 days) in 48 non-randomised studies. Disease diagnosis was based on clinical criterion in 3 (5.4%) studies, a mixture of clinical and parasitological methods in 47 (83.9%) and was unclear in 6 (10.7%) studies. Major drugs used for treatment were miltefosine (n = 636 patients), liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB) (n = 508 patients), and antinomy regimens (n = 454 patients). Ten other drug regimens were tested in 270 patients with less than 60 patients per regimen. Conclusions Our review identified studies with very limited sample size for the three major drugs (miltefosine, L-AmB, and pentavalent antimony), while the number of patients combined across studies suggest that the IPD platform would be valuable. With the support of relevant stakeholders, the global PKDL community and sufficient financing, a PKDL IPD platform can be realised. This will allow for exploration of different aspects of treatment safety and efficacy, which can potentially guide future healthcare decisions and clinical practices. � 2024 Singh-Phulgenda et al.Item Skin pharmacokinetics of miltefosine in the treatment of post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis in South Asia(Oxford University Press, 2024) Pali? S.; Chu W.-Y.; Sundar S.; Mondal D.; Das P.; Pandey K.; Raja S.; Rijal S.; Roseboom I.C.; Hamadeh A.; Malik P.R.V.; Beijnen J.H.; Huitema A.D.R.; Sj�gren E.; Alves F.; Dorlo T.P.C.Introduction: Post-kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL) arises as a dermal complication following a visceral leishmaniasis (VL) infection. Current treatment options for PKDL are unsatisfactory, and there is a knowledge gap regarding the distribution of antileishmanial compounds within human skin. The present study investigated the skin distribution of miltefosine in PKDL patients, with the aim to improve the understanding of the pharmacokinetics at the skin target site in PKDL. Methods: Fifty-two PKDL patients underwent treatment with liposomal amphotericin B (20?mg/kg) plus miltefosine (allometric dosing) for 21 days. Plasma concentrations of miltefosine were measured on study days 8, 15, 22 and 30, while a punch skin biopsy was taken on day 22. A physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model was developed to evaluate the distribution of miltefosine into the skin. Results: Following the allometric weight-based dosing regimen, median miltefosine concentrations on day 22 were 43.73??g/g (IQR: 21.94-60.65??g/g) in skin and 33.29??g/mL (IQR: 25.9-42.58??g/mL) in plasma. The median individual concentration ratio of skin to plasma was 1.19 (IQR: 0.79-1.9). In 87% (45/52) of patients, skin exposure was above the suggested EC90 PK target of 10.6?mg/L associated with in vitro susceptibility. Simulations indicated that the residence time of miltefosine in the skin would be more than 2-fold longer than in plasma, estimated by a mean residence time of 604 versus 266 hours, respectively. Conclusion: This study provides the first accurate measurements of miltefosine penetration into the skin, demonstrating substantial exposure and prolonged retention of miltefosine within the skin. These findings support the use of miltefosine in cutaneous manifestations of leishmaniasis. In combination with parasitological and clinical data, these results are critical for the future optimization of combination therapies with miltefosine in the treatment of PKDL. � 2024 The Author(s).Item Supercapacitor performance of polymer-in-salt electrolyte/water-in-polymer salt electrolyte synthesized by complexing glutaraldehyde crosslinked corn starch with Mg(ClO4)2(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2024) Yadav D.; Pandey K.; Aggarwal K.; Srivastava N.Energy devices with high energy/power density are the need of the day, and to achieve the same, electrolytes with faster ion transport and wider electrochemical�stability window are required. Polymer-in-salt electrolytes (PISEs) are predicted to have the better required electrochemical properties in comparison to salt-in-polymer electrolytes (SIPEs), but desired success is still to be achieved due to recrystallization problems. PISEs suffer from poor mechanical and/or electrochemical properties along with aging effects as well; hence, special efforts are required to reduce the crystallinity of PISEs. The present paper discusses a crosslinked corn starch complexed with Mg(ClO4)2 which not only has desired electrochemical properties but is also flexible. XRD study confirms the absence of crystalline nature, without any extra efforts to reduce it. Synthesized PISEs have high conductivity (~0.01 Scm?1), wide ESW (> 3�V), and low relaxation time (�s) along with being economical. Supercapacitors fabricated using this novel PISE with laboratory synthesized activated carbon (from leaves and corn starch) have shown good specific capacitance (~ 20 Fg?1 and ~ 45 Fg?1, respectively). The power density is of the order of kW kg?1, which is quite high in comparison to other reports. The shape of CV and LSV is strongly influenced by the salt concentration, i.e., by the ion-cluster size, and is also affected by the volume/size of the activated carbon pores. � The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2024.
