Browsing by Author "Pandey K.D."

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    Cyanobacterial mats and their application in sustainable agriculture
    (Elsevier, 2024) Jalaluddin; Pandey K.D.
    Cyanobacteria are an important constituent of epiphytic, epilithic, and endolithic communities, as well as mats and coral reef ecosystems. They provide nitrogen to coral reef in marine ecosystems through nitrogen fixation. Cyanobacteria also have played a crucial role in calcification and decalcification. They are the important component in deeper marine water of biological communities though, few research on mesophotic reefs have been demonstrated so far (30�100m depth). The vast fields of benthic cyanobacterial mats (BCMs) were discovered from 45 to 90m deep, during various exploration of submarine offshore of Bonaire cyanobacteria. BCMs were exclusively seen on sandy, rather bottom levels. It is assumed that the residence of thick bottoms is vital in the growth of cyanobacterial mats. Coral reefs all over the world are colonized by BCMs. A survey on the Caribbean Island of Cura�ao revealed that BCM abundance was rich in sheltered reefs near urban areas. Nutrient contents in the water were typically low but enlarged drastically just because BCM covered the bases. BCM-spread areas showed localized nutrient linked occurrence via organic matter decomposer. Cyanobacteria grow under harsh environment of Antarctic and Arctic regions and tolerate low temperature, nutrients, and sometime salinity stress. They are abundant in streams, lakes, and on nutrient poor weathered rock soils. Cyanobacteria sometimes form benthic mat in lake and on the surface of seepage water in the polar regions. Hot springs support thermophilic and sometimes pH stress tolerant cyanobacteria where they form mat on the upper surface of water column. The diversity of mats is constituted by a range of organisms, from unicellular Synechococcus to branched heterocystous forms like Mastigocladus and Fritschiella sp. Rice field provides most favorable ecosystem for the growth of N2-fixing cyanobacteria where they often form mat. Aulosira being dominant mat forming cyanobacteria in tropical rice field contribute to the crop yield by fixing nitrogen and solubilizing phosphorus besides improving the fertility of soil by secreting extracellular substances. � 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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    Glandular trichomes: Bio-cell factories of plant secondary metabolites
    (Bentham Science Publishers, 2024) Shukla P.; Prasad A.; Chawda K.; Saxena G.; Pandey K.D.; Chakrabarty D.
    Trichomes are specialised epidermal outgrowth that is present on the aerial parts of plants. On the basis of morphological and cellular variation, they are categorized into non-glandular trichomes (NGTs) and glandular trichomes (GTs). NGTs are known to be involved in the protective and defensive roles that attribute to provide structural and chemical corroboration to form specialized groups of secondary metabolites. GTs are specialized micro-organs that are considered factories for the biosynthesis of a considerable amount of different classes of bioactive metabolites. Conventionally these glandular and non-glandular trichomes are known for their protective roles against different biotic and abiotic stresses. Recently, they have attracted the interest of various researchers as a specialized organ for the production of various bioactive molecules of high pharmaceutical and commercial values. The major groups of secondary metabolites such as terpenoids, flavonoids, phenylpropanes, methyl ketones, acyl sugars and defensive proteins are reported in the trichomes of different plant species. However, the conception of the molecular regulation of their biosynthesis, storage and distribution during the development of trichomes is scattered. This review compiles structural and functional aspects of GTs and NGTs along with the molecular mechanism regulated for the production of secondary metabolite in these specialized organs. In addition, the role of several bio-physical parameters that affect the trichome biochemistry, which either directly or indirectly influence the biosynthesis of secondary metabolite, will also be focussed. The systemized knowledge of trichome biology, secondary metabolite pathway modulation and metabolic engineering at one platform will be helpful to explore recent advances in the field of trichome engineering in many medicinally important plants. � 2024 Bentham Science Publishers. All rights reserved.