Browsing by Author "Prakash, Adity"

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    Comparison of T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging for the diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum abnormality
    (SAGE Publications Inc., 2023) Prakash, Adity; Kumar, Ishan; Verma, Ashish; Shukla, Ram C
    Background: Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is feasible in prenatal imaging, and it exhibits better contrast between the placenta and the myometrium compared to T2-weighted (T2W) images. Purpose: To compare magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of placenta accreta on T2W and DW imaging. Material and Methods: In this retrospective study, 42 pregnant patients who underwent prenatal MRI were included. MRI was performed on a Siemens 1.5-T scanner. T2W and DWI sequences in the axial, sagittal, and/or coronal planes were compiled for review. Two radiologists independently interpreted T2W and DW images for placenta accreta. T2W and DWI scores were calculated based on the presence of features and graded as low, intermediate, and high risk. The association between imaging features and placental invasion on pathology was calculated using chi-square tests. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values (NPV) were compared between T2W and DWI interpretations. Inter-reader agreement between the two radiologists for T2W and DWI scores was calculated using Cohen's kappa coefficient. Results: Out of 42 pregnant patients, 10 were pathologically/surgically proven to have placenta accreta. There were no significant differences between T2W and DWI interpretations. Considering a cutoff >6 as positive, the T2W score had higher sensitivity (90% vs. 80%) and NPV (96.9% vs. 94.1%) than the DWI score. The specificity and positive predictive value were 100% for both scores. The inter-reader agreement of T2W score was higher (k = 0.943 vs. 0.882). Conclusion: T2W and DWI are comparable in diagnosing placenta accreta spectrum. T2W sequences have higher sensitivity, NPV, and inter-reader agreement than DWI. � The Foundation Acta Radiologica 2022.
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    CT-Based Definition and Structured Reporting of Abdominal Lymph Node Stations
    (Georg Thieme Verlag, 2022) Kumar, Ishan; Sharma, Srishti; Prakash, Adity; Aggarwal, Priyanka; Shukla, Ram C.; Verma, Ashish
    Background Meticulous evaluation of abdominal lymph nodes on computed tomography (CT) is a fundamental task in radiological practice especially in oncological reporting. Although various reporting systems exist to define abdominal nodal stations for malignancies of individual abdominal organs, a complete and uniform framework for radiological reporting of abdominal lymph nodes does not exist in the literature. Purpose The goal of this review was to provide a step-wise reporting template and precise definitions of the radiological anatomy of abdominal lymph nodes and to generate a CT-based illustration of the lymph node stations of the abdomen. Conclusion This CT-based illustration and reporting template will help the radiologists to aptly describe the extent of the lymph nodal diseases and will help in comparison with posttherapy scans. � 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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    Initial comparative analysis of pulmonary involvement on HRCT between vaccinated and non-vaccinated subjects of COVID-19
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2022) Verma, Ashish; Kumar, Ishan; Singh, Pramod Kumar; Ansari, Mohammad Sharoon; Singh, Harsh Anand; Sonkar, Shashank; Prakash, Adity; Ojha, Ritu; Shukla, Ram Chandra
    Objectives: To compare the high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT)�derived severity score in COVID-19 patients between those who had earlier received the vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 and those who did not. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of HRCT of the chest was done in correlation with the vaccination status of clinically diagnosed COVID-19 patients. The variable under evaluation was the CT severity score, whereby differential analysis of the variability on this parameter between incompletely (single dose) vaccinated, completely (both doses) vaccinated, and non-vaccinated individuals was the outcome. Results: The analysis included 826 patients of which 581 did not receive any vaccination whereas 196 patients received incomplete (single dose) vaccination and 49 received complete vaccination. Mean CT severity score was lower in completely vaccinated patients (3.5 � 6.3) vis-�-vis incompletely vaccinated (10.1 � 10.5) and non-vaccinated (10.1 � 11.4) individuals. The mean CT score was significantly lower in completely vaccinated patients of lower ages (? 60�years) compared to patients above that age. The incidence of severe disease (CT score ? 20) was significantly higher in the incompletely vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients compared to that in the completely vaccinated group. Conclusions: CT severity scores in individuals receiving both doses of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination were less severe in comparison to those receiving a single dose of vaccine or no vaccine at all. Key Points: � Patients who received complete two doses of vaccination had significantly low mean CT scores compared to the partially vaccinated patients and non-vaccinated patients. � The mean CT scores were significantly lower in completely vaccinated patients of lower ages (< 60�years) while patients > 60�years did not show significantly different CT scores between the vaccinated and non-vaccinated groups. � Consolidations and ground-glass opacities were significantly lower in the group receiving complete vaccination as compared to the unvaccinated and incompletely vaccinated patients. � 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to European Society of Radiology.
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    Short-term follow-up HRCT Chest of COVID-19 survivors and association with persistent dyspnea
    (Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Kumar, Ishan; Prakash, Adity; Ranjan, Manoj; Chakrabarti, Sankha Shubhra; Shukla, Ram C.; Verma, Ashish
    Background: There is an increasing concern that a proportion of the survivors of COVID 19 might develop fibrotic and/or other non-reversible lung changes. The aim of this retrospective study was to review the imaging findings of HRCT of lungs in a cohort of COVID 19 survivors, coming for short-term clinical follow-up and to assess the relation of the observed HRCT changes with the presence of dyspnea. Results: In total, 40 patients with residual CT findings were included in this study with a mean age of 44.3�years and male: female ratio of 3:2. The presence of residual ground-glass opacities (85%) and reticular opacities (80%) was the most common findings. 25% of the cases had cystic changes in their lung. The presence of dyspnea was significantly associated with male sex and a history of smoking. On HRCT, the presence of cystic changes, involvement of > 10 lung segments, and an HRCT severity score > 7 were significantly associated with dyspnea. Conclusion: Survivors of COVID 19 demonstrate persistent changes in the lung on HRCT. We recommend that a follow-up HRCT should be performed in these patients to identify those with post-COVID sequelae. � 2021, The Author(s).