Browsing by Author "Prasad, Jitendra"
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Publication Assessing the Levisticum officinale Koch. essential oil as a novel preservative for stored chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) with emphasis on probable mechanism of action(Springer Science and Business Media Deutschland GmbH, 2021) Deepika; Chaudhari, Anand Kumar; Das, Somenath; Singh, Vipin Kumar; Prasad, Jitendra; Dubey, Nawal KishoreThe present study was undertaken to explore the inhibitory effect of Levisticum officinale Koch. essential oil (LoffEO) on the growth and aflatoxin B1 secretion by Aspergillus flavus (AF-LHP-SH1, aflatoxigenic strain) causing deterioration of stored chia seeds (Salvia hispanica). The chemical profile analysis of LoffEO by GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of ?-terpinyl acetate (26.03 %) as a major component followed by terpineol <1- > (24.03 %) and citronellal (24.03 %). Results on antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity indicated that LoffEO at 2.0 and 1.75 ?L/mL caused complete inhibition of growth and aflatoxin B1 production, respectively. Antifungal toxicity of LoffEO was strongly correlated with the inhibition of ergosterol content, leakage of cellular ions, and disintegration of membrane permeability. Reduction in cellular methylglyoxal by LoffEO indicated a novel antiaflatoxigenic mechanism of action. The LoffEO showed moderate free radical quenching activity in DPPH assay (IC50 = 26.10 ?L/mL) and exhibited remarkable inhibitory efficacy against lipid peroxidation of chia seeds. In addition, LoffEO presented strong in situ antiaflatoxigenic efficacy, and exhibited non-phytotoxic nature, acceptable sensory characteristics, and favorable safety profile (LD50 = 19786.59 ?L/kg), which recommends its practical utilization as a novel and safe preservative to improve the shelf life of stored chia seeds from fungal infestation and aflatoxin B1 contamination. � 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.Publication Efficacy of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil against food-borne molds and aflatoxin B1 contamination(Taylor and Francis Ltd., 2021) Singh, Akanksha; Deepika; Chaudhari, Anand Kumar; Das, Somenath; Prasad, Jitendra; Dwivedy, Abhishek Kumar; Dubey, Nawal KishoreThe present study deals with the antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic potential of Cinnamomum cassia essential oil (CCEO) against aflatoxigenic food borne Aspergillus flavus strain (AF-LHP-PE-4), and probable mode of action including the safety profile on male mice. CCEO completely inhibited fungal growth and aflatoxin B1 secretion at its minimum inhibitory concentration (0.06 �L/mL). CCEO inhibited ergosterol biosynthesis in cell membranes and also disturbed the membrane fluidity. Significant enhancement in leakage of cellular ions and 260 and 280 nm absorbing cellular materials in response to increased concentrations of CCEO indicated the plasma membrane as the probable site of antifungal toxicity. The antiaflatoxigenic potency of CCEO was confirmed in terms of reduction in the level of cellular methylglyoxal (MG), the inducer of aflatoxin. Antioxidant activity of CCEO was confirmed through DPPH free radical scavenging activity as well as total phenolic content. Chemical profiling of CCEO by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis revealed the presence of cinnamaldehyde (84.01%) as the most abundant compound. CCEO exhibited a high LD50 (10410.75 �L/kg) on male mice, strengthening its favorable safety profile. This is the first report on CCEO as novel green preservative against food storage molds and aflatoxin B1 secretion. � 2020 Societ� Botanica Italiana.Publication Encapsulation of Cymbopogon khasiana � Cymbopogon pendulus Essential Oil (CKP-25) in Chitosan Nanoemulsion as a Green and Novel Strategy for Mitigation of Fungal Association and Aflatoxin B1 Contamination in Food System(MDPI, 2023) Prasad, Jitendra; Das, Somenath; Maurya, Akash; Soni, Monisha; Yadav, Arati; Singh, Bikarma; Dwivedy, Abhishek KumarThe present study deals with the encapsulation of Cymbopogon khasiana � Cymbopogon pendulus essential oil (CKP-25-EO) into a chitosan nanoemulsion and efficacy assessment for inhibition of fungal inhabitation and aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) contamination in Syzygium cumini seeds with emphasis on cellular and molecular mechanism of action. DLS, AFM, SEM, FTIR, and XRD analyses revealed the encapsulation of CKP-25-EO in chitosan with controlled delivery. The CKP-25-Ne displayed enhanced antifungal (0.08 �L/mL), antiaflatoxigenic (0.07 �L/mL), and antioxidant activities (IC50 DPPH = 6.94 �L/mL, IC50 ABTS = 5.40 �L/mL) in comparison to the free EO. Impediment in cellular ergosterol, methylglyoxal biosynthesis, and in silico molecular modeling of CKP-25-Ne validated the cellular and molecular mechanism of antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic activity. The CKP-25-Ne showed in situ efficacy for inhibition of lipid peroxidation and AFB1 secretion in stored S. cumini seeds without altering the sensory profile. Moreover, the higher mammalian safety profile strengthens the application of CKP-25-Ne as a safe green nano-preservative against fungal association, and hazardous AFB1 contamination in food, agriculture, and pharmaceutical industries. � 2023 by the authors.Publication Essential Oil Nanoemulsion as Eco-Friendly and Safe Preservative: Bioefficacy Against Microbial Food Deterioration and Toxin Secretion, Mode of Action, and Future Opportunities(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Maurya, Akash; Singh, Vipin Kumar; Das, Somenath; Prasad, Jitendra; Kedia, Akash; Upadhyay, Neha; Dubey, Nawal Kishore; Dwivedy, Abhishek KumarMicrobes are the biggest shareholder for the quantitative and qualitative deterioration of food commodities at different stages of production, transportation, and storage, along with the secretion of toxic secondary metabolites. Indiscriminate application of synthetic preservatives may develop resistance in microbial strains and associated complications in human health with broad-spectrum environmental non-sustainability. The application of essential oils (EOs) as a natural antimicrobial and their efficacy for the preservation of foods has been of present interest and growing consumer demand in the current generation. However, the loss in bioactivity of EOs from fluctuating environmental conditions is a major limitation during their practical application, which could be overcome by encapsulating them in a suitable biodegradable and biocompatible polymer matrix with enhancement to their efficacy and stability. Among different nanoencapsulated systems, nanoemulsions effectively contribute to the practical applications of EOs by expanding their dispersibility and foster their controlled delivery in food systems. In line with the above background, this review aims to present the practical application of nanoemulsions (a) by addressing their direct and indirect (EO nanoemulsion coating leading to active packaging) consistent support in a real food system, (b) biochemical actions related to antimicrobial mechanisms, (c) effectiveness of nanoemulsion as bio-nanosensor with large scale practical applicability, (d) critical evaluation of toxicity, safety, and regulatory issues, and (e) market demand of nanoemulsion in pharmaceuticals and nutraceuticals along with the current challenges and future opportunities. Copyright � 2021 Maurya, Singh, Das, Prasad, Kedia, Upadhyay, Dubey and Dwivedy.Publication Essential Oils and Their Application in Food Safety(Frontiers Media S.A., 2021) Maurya, Akash; Prasad, Jitendra; Das, Somenath; Dwivedy, Abhishek KumarFood industries are facing a great challenge due to contamination of food products with different microbes such as bacteria, fungi, viruses, parasites, etc. These microbes deteriorate food items by producing different toxins during pre- and postharvest processing. Mycotoxins are one of the most potent and well-studied toxic food contaminants of fungal origin, causing a severe health hazard to humans. The application of synthetic chemicals as food preservatives poses a real scourge in the present scenario due to their bio-incompatibility, non-biodegradability, and environmental non-sustainability. Therefore, plant-based antimicrobials, including essential oils, have developed cumulative interest as a potential alternative to synthetic preservatives because of their ecofriendly nature and generally recognized as safe status. However, the practical utilization of essential oils as an efficient antimicrobial in the food industry is challenging due to their volatile nature, less solubility, and high instability. The recent application of different delivery strategies viz. nanoencapsulation, active packaging, and polymer-based coating effectively addressed these challenges and improved the bioefficacy and controlled release of essential oils. This article provides an overview of essential oils for the preservation of stored foods against bacteria, fungi, and mycotoxins, along with the specialized mechanism of action and technological advancement by using different delivery systems for their effective application in food and agricultural industries smart green preservative. � Copyright � 2021 Maurya, Prasad, Das and Dwivedy.Publication Nanoencapsulation strategies for improving nutritional functionality, safety and delivery of plant-based foods: Recent updates and future opportunities(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Soni, Monisha; Maurya, Akash; Das, Somenath; Prasad, Jitendra; Yadav, Arati; Singh, Vipin Kumar; Singh, Bijendra Kumar; Dubey, Nawal Kishore; Dwivedy, Abhishek KumarCurrently, food industries largely based on animal products including egg, meat, and fish are facing a burning challenge to meet the continuously increasing consumer demand. The greater availability of plant-based foods has aided the transition from animal foods to plant foods due to its sustainable, convenient, and affordable nature. Different plant derived ingredients like globular proteins, oligosaccharides, dietary fibres, starch, amylopectin, short and long chain unsaturated fatty acids are used to develop plant based foods, however, selection of most important ones being critical for creating a successful end product. Most notably, when the use of bioactive ingredients is targeted, some challenges like instability and reaction with other food matrices persist in development of plant based foods. In this context, nanoencapsulation of food components is an emerging and innovative field for controlled and targeted delivery with various prophylactic activities. The technology encompassing nanoencapsulation facilitates the release of food components, improvement in bioaccessibility, and digestion in the human body. Moreover, the plant-based foods are gaining cumulative attention in the scientific community due to development of various analogues of meat, egg, and milk. This review describes the recent updates in scientific understanding of plant based foods highlighting their prophylactic measures, market demand, and plant based ingredients with physical, functional, and molecular properties, and encapsulation strategies for elimination of various hurdles, maintenance of food quality, and insurances of safety as well as bioavailability of beneficial nutrients. � 2022 The Author(s)Publication Phytoextraction of heavy metals: Challenges and opportunities(Elsevier, 2022) Prasad, Jitendra; Tiwari, Shikha; Singh, Bijendra Kumar; Dubey, Nawal KishoreEnvironmental pollutants have now become to be a major threat to health and environment, in this milieu, recently emerging phytoremediation technique is considered a safer, novel, and cost effective strategy to deal with environmental issues. Environmental pollutants such as toxic heavy metals and organic pollutants are major targets of phytoremediation which are concentrated and metabolized to fewer toxic substances by plants. Among several phytoremediation strategies phytoextraction is considered to be a promising green alternative in order to remediate heavy metal contamination of soil through plants. In recent years, amalgamation involving the molecular mechanism of phytoextraction with novel bioengineering technique enhances its phytoremediation efficacy. The present article deals with an updated account of phytoextraction as an effective sustainable green approach to remediate the major environmental pollutants along with its challenges and future perspectives. � 2022 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Publication Secondary Metabolites of Higher Plants as Green Preservatives of Herbal Raw Materials and Their Active Principles During Postharvest Processing(Springer Singapore, 2021) Das, Somenath; Singh, Vipin Kumar; Upadhyay, Neha; Singh, Bijendra Kumar; Prasad, Jitendra; Tiwari, Shikha; Dubey, Nawal KishoreHerbal raw materials get contaminated with different microbes during collection and postharvest processing, causing both quantitative and qualitative damage leading to degradation of active principles. Currently, a wide range of plant products including essential oils have been found efficacious against fungal and mycotoxin contamination of raw materials and have been recommended as green preservatives for postharvest protection of herbal raw materials. Extracts of different higher plants and bioactive constituents, viz., carvone (from Carum carvi), azadirachtin (from Azadirachta indica), and isothiocyanate (from horseradish and brassicaceous plants) have exhibited promising efficacy against microbial contamination. Currently, nanotechnological approach has enhanced the bio-efficacy of phytochemicals through controlled release, site specific delivery, and enhanced stability. The present article throws light on different plant products recommended in postharvest preservation of herbal raw materials and also explains the future technological advancements in their better utilization as preservative of herbal raw materials. Such documentation of pharmacological efficacy of traditionally used plant products would also be helpful in bioprospection of plant diversity against biopiracy. � Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2021, corrected publication 2021.Publication Synthesis, characterization and in situ bioefficacy evaluation of Cymbopogon nardus essential oil impregnated chitosan nanoemulsion against fungal infestation and aflatoxin B1 contamination in food system(Elsevier B.V., 2022) Prasad, Jitendra; Das, Somenath; Maurya, Akash; Jain, Shreyans Kumar; Dwivedy, Abhishek KumarThe present investigation aimed to synthesize Cymbopogon nardus essential oil impregnated chitosan nanoemulsion (Ne-CNEO) and its practical efficacy as novel green delivery system for protection of Syzygium cumini seeds against broad range storage fungi, aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) secretion and lipid peroxidation. Chemical characterization of CNEO revealed citral (62.73%) as major component. Successful impregnation of CNEO inside chitosan nanoemulsion was confirmed through SEM, AFM and FTIR analyses. In vitro release study showed biphasic release profile with initial burst followed by sustained release of CNEO from chitosan nanomatrix. Ne-CNEO exhibited enhancement in in vitro antifungal, antiaflatoxigenic (0.16 ?L/mL) and antioxidant activity over CNEO. The antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic mechanism of action of Ne-CNEO was associated with inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis, increased leakage of cellular contents, and impairment in cellular methylglyoxal biosynthesis. In silico modeling validated interaction of citral with Ver-1 and Omt-A proteins, confirming the molecular action for inhibition of AFB1 production. In situ investigation suggested remarkable protection of S. cumini seeds against fungal inhabitation, AFB1 production and lipid peroxidation without affecting organoleptic attributes. Furthermore, higher mammalian non-toxicity strengthens the application of Ne-CNEO as safe nano-green and smart preservative in place of adversely affecting synthetic preservatives in emerging food, agriculture and pharmaceutical industries. � 2022 Elsevier B.V.
